The Civil War

Causes of the war

• 1. Slavery

• 2. Sectionalism

• 3. Nationalism

• 4. States' rights

Slavery

The southern states were still reliant on slavery

Support for secession was strongly correlated to the number of plantations in the region.

Succession: The act of leaving an organization

States of the Deep South, which had the greatest concentration of plantations, were the first to secede.

In the North

Unlike the South relied on industry

This gave them a advantage in the war, because they could produce more war items faster.

The north also had many people believed in cause of abolition.

Abolition

Abolition: putting an end to something by law.

In our case we are talking about putting an end to slavery.

These contrasting ideas led to sectionalsim

Sectionalism

Sectionalism refers the tensions that existed between the North and south do to differences in how the areas operated.

Economic= The north was industrial, the south farmedSocially=The north had no slaves, south had many

slaves.Politically= The North accepted big government, south

pushed for state government

1861

As Lincoln prepared to take office there were two large questions he faced.

Did the power of the Federal Government outweigh state’s rights?

Can some one actually be allowed to own another person?

Succession

The election of Lincoln in 1860 lead to the succession of seven deep south states.

Originally the decision occurred December 20, 1860 in Charleston South Carolina.

As well as the southern states or con federacy choosing Jefferson Davis to be their president.

Breaking PointsFort Sumter

Fort Sumter was off the coast of South Carolina a key succession state

Lincoln refused to turn over Ft. Sumter

Jefferson Davis ordered the attack the fort.

After fort Sumter was lost to the South or confederacy, Lincoln ordered troops to retake the fort.

Advantages and disadvantages

North: Physical strength, industrial build up, railroads.

South: On the defense , Stronger fighting men, better trained officers

Green backs

Both sides had trouble supplying troops.

Both sides relied on private industry.

Neither side believed in paying high taxes to pay for the war.Depositories printed paper money known as greenbacks lead to runaway inflation

Anaconda Policy

The Anaconda policy was a major strategy of the Union army to blockade the coasts of the South. Control the Mississippi River and the flow of supplies.Lincoln developed the idea of fighting on two fronts:Attacking and invading the Capital of Virginia, while invading Texas and Louisiana

Robert. E. Lee head General of the confederacy

At one point Lee was offered the position of leading the forces of the union.Lee was more successful in succeeding in complex plans.Remained loyal to the South's capital of Virginia.

The Future Success of Ulysses S. Grant

U.S. Grant was a well known from the Mexican- American war. Due to his Alcoholism.

Over the course of the civil war he would eventually become the head to the Union Army.

The Difference between the two Presidents

Lincoln spent a tremendous amount of time teaching himself about warfare. As well as continually trying to give input on the war.

Jefferson Davis did have control of the military but decided to secede it to Robert E. Lee.

The Battle OF Bull Run

Considered to be a blunder for union forces.

General Winfield Scott lead a poorly trained group of Union soldiers against General Thomas J. Jackson.

Jackson with highly trained troops won the day.

Out West

As the North continues to blunder on the East Coast Union leader U.S. Grant will have series of strong victories

Taking Fort Henry in Tennessee and Donaldson in Cumberland.

Eventually he would be slowed down a the battle of Shiloh.

The Emancipation Proclamation

By 1862 Lincoln was looking for strategic means to win the war. He would propose his first draft of the Emancipation proclamation.

Bill was passed January of 1863. It stated that all slaves in the confederate states were free.

Lincoln made sure not to free slaves in the northern states for fear of angering southern allies.

African Americans in the war

African Americans played a critical role in keeping the union together.

200,000 volunteered and were segregated and lead by white officers.

Most famous was the victory at Fort Wagner.

Turning the Tide

Grant continued to have a successful series of battles.

Eventually after a drawn out siege hew would take the strategic point of Vicksburg of Mississippi.

During the siege the confederacy sent Lee to invade Pennsylvania in hope it would stop Grant’s assault

Turning Point in the War• Gettysburg• The battle lasted three days• By the end Lee had lost a significant amount of his

forces• Lee would never get a chance again to march on

Washington.• After this point we see Sherman’s march to the sea and

the Union’s push into the south.

Appomattox