The Civil WarA House Divided

US History - Gardner

War EruptsHow was the Civil War a:

Legal issueMoral issueSocial issue

What other types of issues are appropriate when generalizing about the causes of the Civil War?

Criteria Union ConfederacyMilitary Leadership

Geographically (land)SeaPopulationIndustryMotivationEconomicForeign involvement

Political leadership

R

E

C

A

P

Why did each side think they’d win?

South North

“All we ask is to be let alone,” Anaconda Plan - blockade

King Cotton Industry – RR, goods, power

Gentlemen and Generals More people – 22 mil vs 9 mil many of which were slaves

Union Strategy – Anaconda Plan

Fort Sumter

• 4/12/1867 – War starts because as South bombards for to prevent re-supply.

• This leads Lincoln to call for 75,000 troops to put down the rebellion

• One big EFFECT of Lincoln’s call for troops is that border states like VA, NC, TN, and AK join the Confederacy!

• This also cost the US the best general in the country; Robert E. Lee.

I’m confused; please sum this up.

• Crash Course - The Battles

1st Bull Run – proved to all the war would NOT be shortAntietam – single bloodiest day of the war, fittingly it was a drawGettysburg – turning point of the Civil WarVicksburg – gave North control of the Mississippi R.Sherman’s March – culminated in the conquer of the SouthLee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse – 4/9/1861; Lee surrenders his sword

*These are the battles that will be tested.

Life in the Army – Who fought?

• 18-30 yrs old; though an 11 yr old and an 83 yr old joined• Farmers – Why?• Immigrants – Why?• African Americans – though not right

away• Native Americans fought on both sides

• Why? – bored, glory, money, loyalty

• You are the worst soldier!• Brooks Brothers (who knew?) – supplied uniforms to the North• Food in the beginning –• Sickness/hygiene – • Civil War Medicine – Stonewall Jackson survived only 8 days after his arm was amputated

Turning Civilians to Soldiers

War Technology

• Ironclads – remember Percy Jackson and the Sea of Monsters?

• If you're curious.

Turning Points

Emancipation Proclamation – careful what you think.

Gettysburg – Costliest battle of the war

War Affects Society

• Seceding from seceded states – “I’m still a rebel no matter who may be in charge.”• Copperheads – Northerners who sympathized w/ the South• Conscription - $300 bounty to bribe northerners to fight (immigrants again)• inflation

Women in the War• Clara Barton• Homes invaded - Homes Invaded• Spies

Civil War Prison Camps• Andersonville

The North Wins

• Battle of Gettysburg – Pickett’s Charge• Vicksburg – mules, dogs, rats• Sherman’s March to the Sea 9/1864• Surrender at Appomattox• Wilmer McLean

The Legacy of the WarCause and Effect – The Civil War, 1861-1864

Causes Effects

Conflict of Slavery in the Territories Abolition of Slavery

Economic differences between the N & S Devastation of South

Failure of Congress to Compromise Reconstruction of South

Election of Lincoln as President Growth of Industry

Secession of Southern States Government more powerful

Firing on Ft Sumter Nation reunited (my favorite b/c it’s hard)

Consequences of the War - North1. Not the “United States are, but the United States is.”2. The demands of war forced the government to grow; no longer a small government. (taxes, currency, RR, banking,

colleges, the West3. Farming replaced by industry as major economy of the North; what else could you do w/ all those factories?Consequences of the War – South4. 40% of all livestock dead5. Farms and plantations destroyed6. Labor system GONE7. 30 to 12% of nation’s wealth8. Need to rebuild or RECONSTRUCT