The American Civil War. Why was the American Civil War fought?
The Civil War
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Transcript of The Civil War
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The Civil War
Social Studies LLDVMr. Pinto
Chapter 11, section 1
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The Civil War Begins• Confederates took over all military
installations in the south.• South Carolina’s Fort Sumter still
held by Union – April 12, 1861 at 4:40 am, the
Confederacy began an attack on the fort.
– The North had a rush of army enlistment– Virginia left the Union
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Advantages on both sidesUnion• More fighting power• Greater food
production• More railroads• Lincoln was a great
leader
Confederacy• “King Cotton” money• Great generals• Strong military
tradition• Motivated to defend
their homeland
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Union and Confederate Strategies
Union• 1. Blockade Southern
Ports to stop the export of cotton and import of manufactured goods
• Use the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy in 2
• Capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA.
* Called the Anaconda Plan*
Confederacy• Mostly defensive
strategy• If the opportunity
arose, invade the North and take Washington
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Bull Run• Union General McDowell led an
attack• Confederate General Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson led Confederacy to victory
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Union armies in the west• General George McClellan appointed
leader of the Union Army– General Ulysses S. Grant led Western
forces to victory at Shiloh• Taught both armies about using scouts,
building forts and digging trenches– General David G. Farragut led 40 ships
to take New Orleans for the Union
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A Revolution in Warfare• Ironclads– Ships plated w/ iron to prevent burning,
shield cannon fire, and ram wooden ships• North’s Monitor vs. South’s Merrimack
• New Weapons– Rifle and minie ball– Hand grenades and land mines
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The War for the Capitals• McClellan defeated by General Robert
E. Lee on his drive to Richmond• At Antietam, 26,000 Americans died
(most in 1 day throughout American history)
• It was a draw, but the South was far weaker
• McClellan chose not to go for victory and was fired by Lincoln
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