TheTheCivil WarCivil War

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)

TheTheCivil WarCivil War

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)

North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861

NorthNorth SouthSouth

Advantages ?? ??

Disadvantages ?? ??

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Resources: North vs. SouthResources: North vs. SouthResources: North vs. SouthResources: North vs. South

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Ohio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military Service

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

ImmigrantImmigrantss

as a as a %%of a of a

State’sState’sPopulationPopulation

inin18601860

ImmigrantImmigrantss

as a as a %%of a of a

State’sState’sPopulationPopulation

inin18601860

Leaders of the UnionLeaders of the Union

V.P Hannibal Hamlin 1861-1865

The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy

The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy

Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

Father was an officer in the Continental Army

Older brothers fought in the War of 1812 – decorated by Andrew Jackson

Jefferson Davis: Educated at West PointServed in the Blackhawk WarsElected to the House of RepresentativesRejoined the Army to fight in Mexican War - Rose to the rank of Colonel – decorated for braveryServed in the US SenateAppointed as Secretary of War by Franklin PierceRe-elected to the SenateResigned when Mississippi seceded

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

Confederate Capital established in Richmond

Richmond Became the Union Army’s Primary Objective

The Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate Seal

MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”

OverviewOverviewofof

the the North’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnacondaAnaconda””

PlanPlan

OverviewOverviewofof

the the North’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnacondaAnaconda””

PlanPlan

The “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” Plan

Lincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s Generals

Irwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowell

Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott

George McClellanMcClellanGeorge McClellanMcClellan

Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside

Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker

George MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!

McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

Jeb StuartJeb StuartJeb StuartJeb Stuart

James LongstreetJames LongstreetJames LongstreetJames Longstreet

George PickettGeorge PickettGeorge PickettGeorge Pickett

““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Robert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)

July, 1861July, 1861

Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)

July, 1861July, 1861

The Hero of Bull Run: Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Peninsula Campaign:Peninsula Campaign:McClellan out-Generaled by LeeMcClellan out-Generaled by Lee

The Peninsular Campaign: The Seven Days The Peninsular Campaign: The Seven Days Battles – Bluffing on a Grand ScaleBattles – Bluffing on a Grand Scale

Union Casualties: 15,849 Confederate Casualties: 20,135

The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,

March, 1862March, 1862

The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,

March, 1862March, 1862The Monitor

vs.the Merrimac

The Monitor vs.

the Merrimac

Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor

Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor

Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service

Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties

23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties

September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862

TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati

ononProclamatioProclamatio

nn

Jan. 1, 1863Jan. 1, 1863

TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati

ononProclamatioProclamatio

nn

Jan. 1, 1863Jan. 1, 1863

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863

The Southern View of EmancipationThe Southern View of EmancipationThe Southern View of EmancipationThe Southern View of Emancipation

African-American Recruiting PosterAfrican-American Recruiting PosterAfrican-American Recruiting PosterAfrican-American Recruiting Poster

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert

Gould ShawGould Shaw

August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert

Gould ShawGould Shaw

African-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War BattlesAfrican-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War Battles

Black Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing Slaves

War in the East: Battle of Fredericksburg December 11-15, 1862

Another disaster for the Union: 12,000 casualties

The War in the West 1862-1863

The War The War in in

the West, the West, 1863:1863:

VicksburgVicksburg

The War The War in in

the West, the West, 1863:1863:

VicksburgVicksburg

The Road to Gettysburg: The Road to Gettysburg: 18631863

The Road to Gettysburg: The Road to Gettysburg: 18631863

Gettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualtiesGettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualties

The North The North Initiates Initiates

the Draft, the Draft, 18631863

The North The North Initiates Initiates

the Draft, the Draft, 18631863

Recruiting Irish Immigrants in Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCNYC

Recruiting Irish Immigrants in Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCNYC

Recruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYC

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

A “Pogrom” Against A “Pogrom” Against BlacksBlacks

A “Pogrom” Against A “Pogrom” Against BlacksBlacks

Inflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the South

Grant Takes Command

Grant Takes Command

A new strategy:

War of Attrition:Bleed the SouthAlways advanceNever fall back or regroup

Use the North’s resources of troops and supplies.

The Progress of War: 1861-The Progress of War: 1861-18651865

The Progress of War: 1861-The Progress of War: 1861-18651865

Atlanta Falls to Sherman’s Army – Sept. 1864

Atlanta Falls to Sherman’s Army – Sept. 1864

The fall of Atlanta assures Lincoln’s re-election.

The fall of Atlanta assures Lincoln’s re-election.

1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election

Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)

George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)

The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads

The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads

Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham

Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham

1864 1864 Copperhead Copperhead

Campaign Campaign PosterPoster

1864 1864 Copperhead Copperhead

Campaign Campaign PosterPoster

Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads in 1864Copperheads in 1864

Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads in 1864Copperheads in 1864

PresidentiPresidential al

Election Election Results:Results:

18641864

PresidentiPresidential al

Election Election Results:Results:

18641864

Sherman’sSherman’s“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

Sherman’sSherman’s“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

Sherman’s Christmas Present to President Lincoln

Sherman’s Christmas Present to President Lincoln

The Capture of Savannah, GAThe Capture of Savannah, GA

Sherman takes revenge on the “Hotbed of Secession”Sherman takes revenge on the “Hotbed of Secession”

His army burns Columbia, South CarolinaHis army burns Columbia, South Carolina

The Final Virginia Campaign:The Final Virginia Campaign:1864-18651864-1865

The Final Virginia Campaign:The Final Virginia Campaign:1864-18651864-1865

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Grant now had 120,000+ men in his army.Grant now had 120,000+ men in his army.

Lee was down to fewer than 25,000Lee was down to fewer than 25,000

Army of Northern Virginia Surrenders its Battle Flags

Army of the Potomac Presents Arms in Salute to an Honored Enemy

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

Prisoners and Prison CampsPrisoners and Prison Camps

Each side took thousands of prisoners during the four years of the war.

At first, prisoners were exchanged – but exchanged prisoners often rejoined the ranks.

The Union stopped exchanging in order to deprive the South of this manpower.

As a result, the number of prisoners that had to be kept in the camps increased – far beyond the capacity of either side to house them.

Each side took thousands of prisoners during the four years of the war.

At first, prisoners were exchanged – but exchanged prisoners often rejoined the ranks.

The Union stopped exchanging in order to deprive the South of this manpower.

As a result, the number of prisoners that had to be kept in the camps increased – far beyond the capacity of either side to house them.

The Confederate Prison at Andersonville, Georgia

One small stream served as water supply and sewer.

Prisoners lived in unheated tents. Food was scarce, if available at all

35,000 Union prisoners of war died. The commandant was convicted of war crimes after the war – and executed.35,000 Union prisoners of war died. The commandant was convicted of war crimes after the war – and executed.

An Andersonville Survivor

Another view of Andersonville

Some Union Prison Camps Were Not Much Better

Some Union Prison Camps Were Not Much Better

In the Union prison in Elmira NY, confederate prisoners lived in tents, without heat, even during the upstate NY winters. Death from

freezing and disease was common.

In the Union prison in Elmira NY, confederate prisoners lived in tents, without heat, even during the upstate NY winters. Death from

freezing and disease was common.

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

The AssassinThe AssassinThe AssassinThe Assassin

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

The AssassinationThe AssassinationThe AssassinationThe Assassination

Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!

Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

The ExecutionThe ExecutionThe ExecutionThe Execution

“With malice toward none, with charity for all, with

firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let

us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up

the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow

and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and

cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and

with all nations.”

Abraham Lincoln – March 4, 1865

In terms of manpower, the South lost 260,000 men killedOne out of every five white southern males had been killed

RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTIONTwo-thirds of the South’s shipping had been destroyed

9,000 miles of Railroad were destroyed

Property values in the south were down by 70%Thousands of acres of cotton fields had been burned

Hundreds of thousands had been wounded – many were permanently disabled.

In 1866, 20% of the Mississippi budget was spent on artificial limbs

Which branch of government has the authority to make these decisions – the Executive or the Legislative?

RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTIONFour Issues of Reconstruction:

How should the Southern states re-enter the Union?

Should the South, especially the former Rebels, be punished? If so, how badly?

What to do with the 4,000,000 newly freed slaves ?