The Civil Rights Movements Spread

Women, Hispanics, and Natives (21.2 and 21.3)

You get rights!

You get rights!

You get rights!

Everyone Gets Rights!!

1st Wave – focused on the right to vote 2nd Wave – focused on political, social, and economic equality (1960s and 1970s) 3rd Wave – Feminism can’t be quantified or

defined

The Women’s Rights Movement

Betty Friedan The Feminine

Mystique “Is this all...?” Educated by

economically “useless”

Bored

Surviving the Home Life in the 1950s

National Organization of Women (NOW) founded by Betty Friedan in 1966 Attacked workplace

and media stereotypes Fought for Equal Rights

Amendment (ERA) Fought for abortion

and reproductive rights

NOW!

Some found legislation process too slow

Organized protests Gloria Steinem –

founded Ms. Magazine Wrote expose of

Playboy Clubs and the objectification of women

Radical Feminism

Gloria Steinem

Feminists hated being defined by men (in sex, in marriage, in jobs)

Phyllis Schlafly denounce “women’s liberation” as an attack on the home, family, and children

A Backlash

JFK led Commission on the Status of Women (1961) to examine workplace discrimination No laws existed

Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Outlawed discrimination

due to sex Title VII originally put in to

stop the act

Political Gains of the Movement

Title IX (1972) Created mandate

for equal funding of women’s sports

Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) (1974) Illegal to deny

credit to a woman because of gender

Title IX and Equal Credit Opportunity Act

Most consequential feminist victory

Allowed for legal abortions Norma McCorvey

(defendant)

Roe v Wade (1973)

Percentage of women in the workforce 30% in 1950 60% in 2000 “Men’s” fields have

opened to women 2004 – 76.5%

disparity in pay The “Glass Ceiling”

Economic Gains

Latin and Hispanic Rights

Massive Deportation in 1950s 1965 – Immigration and Nationality

Act erases quotas on immigration Flood of immigrants

Movement Begins After WWII, Hector Garcia formed

the American GI Forum on Discrimination

1960s and 1970s Inspired by African Americans,

Hispanics unite for equal opportunities in education, jobs, salaries, voting

Legacy of the Bracero Program

Cubans arrive after Cuba goes communist

Dominicans seek asylum from politics

Puerto Ricans legally come for work

Mexicans come for economic opportunity

The Cold War, Dictators, and Economics

1960s: founded the United Farm Workers Union (UFWU) to protect the rights of migrant workers

Organized strike on grapes to get better conditions 1975 – CA gives

rights to organize

Cesar Chavez

Celebrated Latino history and culture

La Raza (1968) founded to reduce poverty and improve education

Brown Power Jose Gutierrez

found La Raza Unida for political power

The Chicano Movement

Native American Movement

Traditionally had high rates of poverty, unemployment, and suicide

Targets of discrimination

A History of Despair

1961 – National Indian Youth Council formed Inspired by African

Americans Limited to fishing

rights in the Northwest

Slowly developed to take on civil rights issues

Early Activism

1968 (AIM) Dennis Banks

and George Mitchell found

Addressed urban ghettos, civil and legal rights, autonomy

The American Indian Movement (AIM)

1969 – Trying to secure land rights, AIM occupies Alcatraz Island

100 Indians from 50 tribes held it until 1971

AIM Goes Militant

Banks and Russell Means organized march from San Francisco to DC in 1972

Briefly seized Bureau of Indian Affairs and renamed it the Native American Embassy

The “Long March” to DC

Building on rise of public interest of 100th anniversary of massacre

AIM took over village Demand US gov’t

look into poor reservation conditions

2 AIM members killed by US gov’t agents

Gov’t pledges aid

Siege at Wounded Knee, 1973

1975 – Indian Self Determination Act Gave tribes

greater control over resources and education on the reservations

Greater land, mineral, and water rights granted

Political Gains of the Movement