The Church in Medieval Life 7 th Grade SS MMS Mr. Roe.
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Transcript of The Church in Medieval Life 7 th Grade SS MMS Mr. Roe.
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The Church in Medieval Life
7th Grade SSMMS
Mr. Roe
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Review
• Previously, you learned about the rise of feudalism in Western Europe
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BIG IDEAS
• The Catholic Church played an important role in Medieval Europe and used its power to uphold its teachings
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Warm-Up
Prompt:
Have you ever noticed how many things in society have been influenced by religion? In a paragraph or less, please give some examples of religions influence on society.
Response:
From what I have noticed, religion influences our society today (by/through/in that it)__________. I believe that _______________ is connected to medieval times because ____________. I am still curious (as to/to know)_____________.
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Lesson Objectives
• Organization of the church
• How different people felt about the church
• Church procedures, rules
• How the Jews were treated in the Middle Ages
• How the church influences us today
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Academic Vocabulary
• Mass
• Heresy
• Anti-Semitism
• Theology
• Scholasticism
• Vernacular
*Monks*Monasteries*Persecution*Excommunication*Clergy*Sacraments*Pilgrimage*Relics*Convent*Nuns*Theology*Rhetoric*Natural Law
*Monasticism*Manuscripts*Friars*Religious Order
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Cornell Notes
Cornell Notes Handout
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Church Hierarchy (Organization)Members of Clergy (people who performed sacred functions of church) had different ranks
Pope—Cardinals—Archbishops—Bishops---Priests
Pope Cardinals
Arch-bishops
Bishops Priests
What did they have authority over?
How did they gain their title?
Who were some important historical figures?
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Group Activity (South American Partners)
• Views on Church Handout
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Church Procedures *The ultimate goal of all Christians
was to achieve salvationBaptism
Eucharist
Reconciliation
Confirmation
Marriage
Holy Orders
Anointing of the Sick
Seven Sacraments
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Pilgrimage and Crusades
• Religious faith led members of society to want to do extraordinary things to gain favor with God
1. Pilgrimage
-Hoped to show devotion to God -Geoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales
-Make up for their sins *Stories of pilgrims
-Hoped to be cured of an illness
2. Crusades
-Fighting for the church
-Military expeditions to the Holy Lands (Jerusalem and surrounding area)Both pilgrimages and the crusades helped to strengthen the
power and influence of the church!
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Church Life• Some members of society decided to
devote their entire life to God and the church (Monasticism)• Monks
-Men who lived in communities called monasteries
-Devoted to hard work, study, and prayer
-Saint Benedict considered to develop monasticism
*Followers became known as Benedictines
-Well known for their Illuminated Manuscripts
*Nuns
-Women who lived in convents, or nunneries
-Did not marry
* Both monks and nuns were members of religious orders
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Religious Orders
1. Mendicants (“beggars”)
-Friars
-Differed from monks in that they traveled instead
-Served poor and gave up the idea of money
-Lived in poverty, worked or begged for food
- Spread Christianity wherever they went
2. Franciscans
-Friars of the Franciscan order
-Founded by Francis of Assisi
-Believed that all livings things should be respected
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Influences on Today
• Holidays
• Education
• Art and Architecture
• Literature
• Keepers of Knowledge
• Spread of Christianity
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Art and Architecture*Art was made for religious purposes
*Art helped to tell the story of the church Why?
-Most people couldn’t read or write
*Usually expressed inside of cathedrals
-Cathedrals headed by bishops
-Often the tallest buildings in a town
-Most built in the shape of a cross
-Took between 50 to 100 years to build (some 200!)
1. Gothic Cathedrals
-Tall walls, high windows with stained-glass art
-told stories from the bible
-Had gargoyles perched to remind people that evil is all around
-Encouraged people to listen to the church (influence)
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Education
• Schooling took place in monasteries, convents, and cathedrals
• Set up under Charlemagne
-Encouraged people to learn to read and write
• Began to use both upper case and lower case letters (connection to today)
• Clergy were the educated class in medieval times
• Memorized prayers and passages from the Bible
• Learning usually was in Latin, the language of the church
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Education
• Cathedrals gave rise to the first universities
• Studied Latin grammar and rhetoric, logic, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, and music
• Books were copied by hand and were rare
• Church was careful about what they taught, and stayed away from ancient writers and thinkers like Aristotle because they didn’t promote Christian believes
Thus, the church controlled knowledge and learning!
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Thomas Aquinas
• Believed in theology and philosophy
• Admired thinkers like Aristotle
• Believed in the natural order of things
-Reason helped discover God’s truth
-Reason and theology could work together
Natural order= right and wrong were built into the way the world was structured. Since God created nature, natural law agreed with the teachings
of the Bible.
*Aquinas bridged the gap between the church and ancient philosophy. His ideas were rejected at first, but eventually became an important part of the church.
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Holidays
• Holidays were tied to the church
• Word holiday comes from “Holy Day”
• Christmas (birth of Christ) and Easter (resurrection of Christ) were major holidays
• Originally, there were no Christmas trees, but people decorated houses with branches and leaves
• Eggs symbolize “new life”, which is a connection to the resurrection, and a direct connection to our celebration today
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Jewish Expulsions
Christian Contempt for Jews:
*Many Christians abhorred Jews because they refused to become Christians
*Historically, Christians blamed Jews for the death of Christ (Deicide)
*Many Jews lent money and charged interest (a sin to early Christians)
*When disease or economic problems were bad, people blamed the Jews
*This hatred of Jews is known as anti-Semitism
*Mobs attacked and killed Jews in the streets
*At times, governments forced Jews to wear special badges or clothing
*Jews often had to live in separate communities, known as ghettos
*Eventually, Jews lost their right to own land and to practice certain trades
*The Spanish Inquisition, led by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand, persecuted many Jews, and eventually kicked them out of Spain.
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Summary
Religion was central to members of society during the Middle Ages. It impacted all parts of life. Because of this, the church influenced society in a very strong way. It is impossible to understand the history of the Middle Ages without understanding the development and structure of the church.