The choice of materials for hydraulic turbines
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Transcript of The choice of materials for hydraulic turbines
![Page 1: The choice of materials for hydraulic turbines](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050704/5517297a497959a3308b4813/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The choice of materials for turbines
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Kaplan turbine
Spiral Casing
Runner
Guide Vanes
Stay Vanes
Draft Tube Cone
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Draft Tube Cone
Runner
Lower Cover
Upper Cover
Turbine Shaft
Spiral Casing
Governing Ring
Guide VanesStay Vanes Stay Ring
Dajiang Power Plant, ChinaPower: 129 MWHead: 18,6 mFlow Rate: 825 m3/s
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Kaplan turbinesSpiral casing
Materials:– Structural steel
• Carbon steel• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel – Concrete (for low head turbines)
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Kaplan turbinesStay ring and stay vanes
Materials:– Structural steel
• Carbon steel• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
– Example:• S355- - (DIN)
• St52- - (EN)
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Kaplan turbinesGuide vanes
Materials:– Structural steel
• Stainless steel• Carbon steel• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel – Examples
• 16Cr 5Ni• 13Cr 4Ni• 13Cr 1Ni• S355- - (DIN)
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Kaplan turbinesRunner
Materials:– Blades:
• Structural steel– Stainless steel
» 16Cr 5Ni» 13Cr 4Ni» 13Cr 1Ni
– Hub• Structural steel
– Carbon steel– HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
– Heat treatment steel– Stainless steel
Dajiang Power Plant, China
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Kaplan turbinesDraft tube cone
• Materials:– Structural steel
• Stainless steel• Carbon steel• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel
– Example:• 16 5• S355- - (DIN)
• St52- - (EN)
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Kaplan turbinesDraft tube, downstream the cone
• Materials:– Structural steel
• Carbon steel• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel – Concrete
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Kaplan turbinesTurbine shaft
• Materials:– Structural steel
• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel
– Example:• S355- - (DIN)• St52- - (EN)
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Francis turbine
Spiral Casing
Draft Tube Cone
Governing Ring
Guide Vanes
Stay Vanes
Runner
Labyrinthseals
Stay Ring
Lower Cover
Upper Cover
Turb
ine
Shaf
t
Svartisen Power Plant, Norway
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Francis turbineSpiral casing, stay ring and stay vanes
Materials:– Structural steel
• Carbon steel• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel
– Example:• S355- - (DIN)
• St52- - (EN)
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Weight of the spiral casing
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Guri-2, VENEZUELA
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Francis turbinesCovers
• Materials:– Structural steel
• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel
– Example:• S355- - (DIN)
• St52- - (EN)
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Francis turbinesDraft tube cone
Materials:– Structural steel
• Carbon steel• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel
– Example:• S355- - (DIN)
• St52- - (EN)
Ulvik Power Plant in Norway
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Francis turbinesDraft tube
Materials:– Structural steel
• Carbon steel• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel
Sauchella-Huebra Power Plant in SpainLa Grande 3Power Plant in Canada
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Francis turbinesDraft tube, outer part
Materials:– Structural steel
• Carbon steel• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel – Concrete
La Grande 3Power Plant in Canada
Ulvik Power Plant in Norway
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Francis turbinesGuide vanes
Materials:– Structural steel
• Stainless steel– 13Cr 4Ni– 16Cr 5Ni
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Francis turbinesRunner
Materials:– Structural steel
• Stainless steel– 13Cr 1Ni– 13Cr 4Ni– 16Cr 5Ni– 18Cr 8Ni
Milling of the runner for theSauchella-Huebra Power Plant in Spain
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Francis turbinesLabyrinth seals
• Materials:– Stainless steel on the rotating seal
• 13Cr 4Ni• 16Cr 5Ni
– Nickel aluminium bronze on the stationary seal• JM7
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Francis turbinesTurbine shaft
• Materials:– Structural steel
• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel
– Example:• S355- - (DIN)
• St52- - (EN)
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Pelton turbine
Runner
Turb
ine
Shaf
t
Manifold
Nozzle
Deflector
Housing
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Pelton turbineManifold
• Materials:– Structural steel
• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel
– Example:• S355- - (DIN)
• St52- - (EN)
*Q = 28,5 m3/s*H = 1130 m*P = 288 MW
Jostedal Power Plant, Norway
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Pelton turbineNozzle
• Materials– Parts that are exposed for water
• Stainless steel– 13Cr 4Ni– 16Cr 5Ni
– Other parts• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel
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Pelton turbineDeflector
• Materials:– Structural steel
• Carbon steel• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel
Jostedal Power Plant, Norway
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Pelton turbineRunner
• Materials:– Stainless steel
• 13Cr 4Ni
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Pelton turbinesTurbine shaft
• Materials:– Structural steel
• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel
– Example:• S355- - (DIN)
• St52- - (EN)
![Page 29: The choice of materials for hydraulic turbines](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050704/5517297a497959a3308b4813/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Pelton turbineHousing
• Materials:– Structural steel
• Carbon steel• HSMA (High Strength Micro Alloy)
• Heat treatment steel