The Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions.
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Transcript of The Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions.
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The Cerebral Cortex
and
Higher Intellectual Functions
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Primary, Secondary and Association
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Frontal lobe
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Plans for Action
(prefrontal cortex)
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Functions of the prefrontal cortex:
1) PlanningThis is the area where volition, thinking ahead, problem
solving are located. Before you can have these, and do them flexibly, fluently, adaptively, have to inhibit more primitive,
automatic, instinctive behavior patterns; hence
2) Inhibition
3) Selectivity
‘I will do this, I will not do that’
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Phineas Gage
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Prefrontal Cortex Damage:
Lack of foresight
Frequent stubbornness
Inattentive and moody
Lack of ambitions, sense of responsibility, sense of propriety (rude)
Less creative and unable to plan forthe future
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Lobes in a lateral view
of left hemisphere
Atlas Fig.2-11
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Attention, Representation of Space
(right parietal association cortex)
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Spatial
relationships
distorted
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Spatial
relationships
distorted
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language
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Broca Aphasia (Expressive aphasia)
Broca's aphasia - Sarah Scott - teenage stroke
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ew
Left hemisphere
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Wernicke Aphasia (Receptive aphasia)
Wernicke's Aphasia Interview with Amelia Carter
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtadyCc_ybo
Left hemisphere
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Prosody of speech
(right hemisphere)
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Sleep
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Why Do We Need Sleep?
Adaptive Evolutionary Function safety energy conservation/ efficiency
Restorative Function body rejuvenation & growth
Brain Plasticity enhances synaptic connections memory consolidation
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The ascending arousal system promotes wakeA. B.
Modified from Fuller et al., J Biol Rhythms, 2006
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Hypocreatin (orexin)
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Narcolepsy VS Insomnia
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Melatonin: Produced by pineal gland, released at night-inhibited during the day (circadian regulation); initiates and maintain sleep; treat symptoms of jet lag and insomnia