The Cell Membrane and Transport - Henry County Public Schools · 2017-01-26 · The Cell Membrane...
Transcript of The Cell Membrane and Transport - Henry County Public Schools · 2017-01-26 · The Cell Membrane...
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The Cell Membrane and Transport
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The membrane is a fluid mosaic with a double layer of
phospholipids and embedded proteins throughout.
Jobs:
Regulates exchange
Creates a barrier
Communication
Identification
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Phospholipids have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
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The proteins form a mosaic pattern on the membrane.
- Special Membrane Molecules -
Cholesterol - reinforces membrane by connecting phospholipids
Glycolipids and Glycoproteins – used for attachment and cell
communication
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Special Membrane Proteins
1. Channel Proteins - form small openings for molecules to diffuse
through
2. Carrier Proteins- binding site on protein surface "grabs" certain
molecules and pulls them into the cell
Gated Channels - carrier proteins that are not always "open"
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3. Receptor Proteins – molecule that triggers a cell
responses when the correct molecule attaches
4. Recognition Proteins - ID tags, identify cells to the
immune system
5. Enzymatic Proteins – specific reactions
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Transport Across Membrane
*Selectively
permeable – only
some things can
cross
What things can
pass?
What cannot pass?
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Passive Transport (no energy)
Simple Diffusion - water, oxygen and other molecules move from
areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, down a
concentration gradient
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Facilitated Diffusion - diffusion assisted by proteins (channel
or carrier proteins)
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OSMOSIS
Osmosis - diffusion of water.
Osmosis affects the amount of water inside cells, different
solutions can draw water out or cell or cause cell to absorb
water
Salt Sucks!Simple rule of osmosis
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Isotonic – same conc of water and solute, no net movement
Hypotonic – less solute (and therefore more water) outside cell,
water moves into the cell, cell could burst
Hypertonic – more solute (and therefore less water) outside
cell, water moves out of the cell, cell shrinks
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Contractile Vacuoles are
found in freshwater
microorganisms to pump out
excess water in hypotonic
environment
Turgor pressure occurs in plants cells as their central
vacuoles fill with water.
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Osmosis in U Tubes
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Active Transport- involves moving molecules "uphill" against the concentration
gradient, which requires energy
Endocytosis - taking substances into the cell
(pinocytosis for water, phagocytosis for solids)
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Exocytosis – reverse
endocytosis to move stuff out of
the cell, such as the removal of
waste
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Protein Pump – Any protein that uses ATP to
actively transport a molecule against a
concentration gradient
Sodium-Potassium Pump – protein that pumps
out 3 sodiums for every 2 potassium's taken in
against gradient
A huge amount of energy in our bodies is used
to power this pump and prevent sodium from
building up within our cells.
Drives the signals in our nervous system
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SODIUM
POTASSIUM
PUMP