The CellThe Cell

Basic Unit of LifeBasic Unit of Life

The CellThe Cell

I. Introduction to the cellI. Introduction to the cell

The concept that all living material is made of The concept that all living material is made of cells or chemical products of cells is a CENTRAL, cells or chemical products of cells is a CENTRAL, unifying theme in modern biology.unifying theme in modern biology.

II. Cell has all the characteristics of LifeII. Cell has all the characteristics of Life

A. GrowA. Grow D. Respond to stimuliD. Respond to stimuli

B. ReproduceB. Reproduce E. HomeostasisE. Homeostasis

C. MoveC. Move F. OrganizedF. Organized

III. The cell is the fundamental unit of lifeIII. The cell is the fundamental unit of life

Cell Time Line of DiscoveryCell Time Line of DiscoveryA. Discovery of the cellA. Discovery of the cell

1. 1665 Robert Hooke1. 1665 Robert Hooke - - examine cork and noticed examine cork and noticed that the material was that the material was made up of “little boxes” made up of “little boxes” or cells. (DEAD material or cells. (DEAD material only).only).

2. 1675 Anton van 2. 1675 Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Leeuwenhoek - microscopic microscopic creatures. creatures.

Bacteria & Bacteria & protista. (Living protista. (Living material).material).

LeeuwenhoekLeeuwenhoek

3. 1805 Lorenz 3. 1805 Lorenz Oken - first Oken - first initial initial statement of statement of the cell the cell theory.theory.

4. 1838 Mathias 4. 1838 Mathias Schleiden - conclude Schleiden - conclude that plants were that plants were composed of cells. composed of cells.

5. 1839 Theodore 5. 1839 Theodore Schwann - Schwann - concluded that concluded that animals were animals were composed of cells.composed of cells.

6. 1855 6. 1855 Rudolph Rudolph Virchow - Virchow - while studying while studying disease, disease, determined determined that cells only that cells only come from come from other cells.other cells.

Cell TheoryCell Theory1. All living material is made up of cells or the 1. All living material is made up of cells or the products of cells.products of cells.

2. Cells come from preexisting cells.2. Cells come from preexisting cells.

3. The cell is the most elementary form of life.3. The cell is the most elementary form of life.

4. Every cell has a cell membrane that separates it 4. Every cell has a cell membrane that separates it from the environment & from other cells.from the environment & from other cells.

5. Most cells are small 0.001 cm.5. Most cells are small 0.001 cm.

Cell DiversityCell DiversityAll living things are made of cells, but not all cells are identical.All living things are made of cells, but not all cells are identical.

A. Size & ShapeA. Size & Shape2m long, nerve cells down a giraffe’s neck to 0.2 um.2m long, nerve cells down a giraffe’s neck to 0.2 um. Most are around 10 - 50 um.Most are around 10 - 50 um. Many are cuboidal (plants) or sphericalMany are cuboidal (plants) or spherical (animals)(animals).. Cells then are limited in size by the ratio of Cells then are limited in size by the ratio of volume to volume to surface area.surface area.

B Two Types of cellsB Two Types of cells1. Prokaryote - No nucleus1. Prokaryote - No nucleus

ex. Bacteriaex. Bacteria

2. Eukaryote – Nucleus2. Eukaryote – Nucleusex. Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animalsex. Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals

Plant vs Animal CellsPlant vs Animal Cells1.1. PlantPlant

a.a. SquareSquare

b.b. Large water vacuoleLarge water vacuole

c.c. ChloroplastsChloroplasts

2. Animal cells2. Animal cells

a. Circlea. Circle

b. Centriolesb. Centrioles

Multicellular OrganizationMulticellular Organization

Organization from very simple to very Organization from very simple to very complexcomplex

Division of labor occur within a cell. Division of labor occur within a cell.

Certain organelles carry out specific Certain organelles carry out specific functions.functions.

Each cell depends on all other cells to Each cell depends on all other cells to perform one or more of the life perform one or more of the life functions.functions.

Inner Life of a CellInner Life of a Cell

Tissues, Organs, & Organ Tissues, Organs, & Organ SystemsSystems

1.1. MoleculeMolecule-group of atom held together by bonds. (water, -group of atom held together by bonds. (water, phosphate).phosphate).

2.2. OrganelleOrganelle-cell component that preforms a specific function. -cell component that preforms a specific function. (Mitochondria SER, RER, Nucleus).(Mitochondria SER, RER, Nucleus).

3.3. CellCell-basic unit of life (Nerve Cell).-basic unit of life (Nerve Cell).

4.4. TissueTissue-group of similar cells that carry out a common -group of similar cells that carry out a common function. (Nervous Tissue).function. (Nervous Tissue).

5.5. OrganOrgan-several type of tissues that together perform a bodily -several type of tissues that together perform a bodily function. (Brain).function. (Brain).

6.6. Organ SystemOrgan System -a groups of organs that work together that -a groups of organs that work together that perform a related task. (Brain, spinal cord, nerves).perform a related task. (Brain, spinal cord, nerves).

7.7. OrganismOrganism-a living thing. (Human).-a living thing. (Human).