The California Child Welfare System: Data Snapshot
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Transcript of The California Child Welfare System: Data Snapshot
The California Child Welfare System:
Data Snapshot
Barbara Needell, MSW, PhDEmily Putnam Hornstein, MSW
Joseph Magruder, MSWCenter for Social Services ResearchUniversity of California at Berkeley
Beyond the BenchDecember 2005
The Performance Indicators Project at CSSR is supported by the California Department of Social Services and the Stuart
Foundation
CSSR.BERKELEY.EDU/CWSCMSREPORTS (Presentations)
Point in Time
Exit Cohorts
Entry Cohorts
Data
3 Views of Data
California EXAMPLE: Age of Foster Children
(2003 first entries, 2003 exits, July 1 2004 caseload)(2003 first entries, 2003 exits, July 1 2004 caseload)
22
4 5
31 30
2422
24 2420
22
32
5
1916
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
<1 yr 1-5 yrs 6-10 yrs 11-15 yrs 16+ yrs
%
Entries
Exits
Point in Time
April 2005
California: Voluntary and Involuntary Service
Status
1%
47% 53%
4%
96%
14%
86%
Voluntary Involuntary
Family Reunification (22.4% of Services)
Family Maintenance (24.5% of Services)
Permanent Placement (48.9% of Services)Missing
In Home Services Out of Home Services
April 2005In Home Services by County:
(Family Maintenance)Percent Involuntary
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
A
lam
eda
Alp
ine
A
mad
or
But
te
C
alav
eras
C
olus
a
Con
tra
Cos
ta
D
el N
orte
El D
orad
o
Fre
sno
G
lenn
Hum
bold
t
I
mpe
rial
Inyo
Ker
n
Kin
gs
La
ke
Las
sen
L
os A
ngel
es
Mad
era
M
arin
M
ader
a
M
endo
cino
M
erce
dM
odoc
Mon
o
M
onte
rey
Nap
a
Nev
ada
O
rang
e
Pla
cer
P
lum
as
R
iver
side
Sacr
amen
to
Sa
n B
enito
San
Ber
nard
ino
San
Die
go
San
Fra
ncis
co
San
Joa
quin
San
Lui
s O
bisp
o
S
an M
ateo
S
anta
Bar
bara
S
anta
Cla
ra
Sa
nta
Cru
z
Sha
sta
Sier
ra
S
iski
you
S
olan
o
Son
oma
Stan
isla
us
Sut
ter
T
eham
aTr
inity
T
ular
e
T
uolu
mne
Ve
ntur
a
Yo
lo
Yu
ba
Involuntary
<1 yr1-2 yrs
3-5 yrs6-10 yrs
11-15 yrs16-17 yrs
BlackNative
American ALLWhite
HispanicAsian
142
105108
105
91
69
96
88
74
5243
27
61
49555550
40
49
404850
46
36
47
425050
44
36
191519
2017
15
2004 California:
Referrals per 1,000 by Age and Ethnicity
(97.9)*
(52.9) * (51.4) *(45.3) *
(45.7) *(17.7) *
* Series total
2004
California: Substantiated Referrals per 1,000
by Age and Ethnicity
<1yr1-2yrs
3-5yrs6-10yrs
11-15yrs16-17yrs
BlackNative
American ALLWhite
HispanicAsian
61
2725
23
20
13
50
31
25
14
10
5
23
1313
1210
7
22
1212
119
6
20
1213
12
107
8
44
54
3
(23.1)*
(15.6)* (11.5)*(10.5)*
(11.3)*(4.2)** Series total
2004 First Entries California:
Entries to Foster Care per 1,000 by Age and Ethnicity
<1yr1-2yrs
3-5yrs6-10yrs
11-15yrs16-17yrs
BlackNative
American ALLWhite
HispanicAsian
36
11
8
65
3
28
15
7
32
1
12
4
32
21
12
43
22
1
10
43
22
1
4
11
11
0
(7.0)*
(4.6)* (2.8)*(2.7)*
(2.8)*(0.9)** Series total
April 2005
California: Children in Care per 1,000
by Age and Ethnicity
<1yr1-2yrs
3-5yrs6-10yrs
11-15yrs16-17yrs
BlackNative
American ALLWhite
HispanicAsian
25
33
2832
43
37
19
25
1613
13
10
897
8108
88
66
86
6877
76
32
22
22
(35.4)*
(13.8)* (8.4)*(7.0)*
(6.9)*(1.8)** Series total
1998 to June 2005
California:First Entries by First Placement Type
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Entry Year
Plac
emen
t Fre
quen
cy
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
TOTAL Frequency
1998 1999 2004 20052001 2002 20032000
Group
Kinship
FFA
Foster
TOTAL
1998 to July 2005
California: Caseload by Placement Type
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Point in Time
Plac
emen
t Fre
quen
cy
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
TOTAL Frequency
1998 1999 2004 20052001 2002 20032000
Group
Kinship
FFA
Foster
TOTAL
April 1, 2005
California:Child Welfare Foster Care Caseload
by Age and Placement Type
<1yr1-2yrs
3-5yrs6-10yrs
11-15yrs16-20yrs
KinFoster
FFAGroup
3444
4238
30
28
31
16
12
109
9
262325
2523
18
11
15
1417
% of children
(34.5)*
(11.4)*
(23.3)*
(8.7)** Series total
April 1, 2005
California:Child Welfare Foster Care Caseload
by Ethnicity and Placement Type
38
18
10 10
30
25
1311
35
26
11
7
32
27
12
7
30
27
1210
35
23
119
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
% o
f Chi
ldre
n
Black White Hispanic Asian NativeAmerican
TOTAL
GroupFoster
FFAKin
1998 First Entries
California: Placement Stability Over 72 Months
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
3 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 3 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
1 placement 2 placements 3 placements 4 placements 5+ placements
Kin Non-Kin
Months Months
1998-2002
California: Placement Stability at 24 Months
by Entry Year
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
5+
4
3
2
1
Kin Non-Kin# of placements
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 3 6 12 15 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72Months from First Entry
<1 yr 1-2 yrs 3-5 yrs 6-10 yrs 11-15 yrs 16-17 yrs
1998 Entries
California Exits Over Time Reunified and Still in Care by Age:
KinIn Care
Reunified
%
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 3 6 12 15 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
<1 yr 1-2 yrs 3-5 yrs 6-10 yrs 11-15 yrs 16-17 yrs
Months from First Entry
1998 Entries California Exits Over Time
Reunified and Still in Care by Age:Non-Kin
In Care
Reunified
%
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 3 6 12 15 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
Black White Hispanic Asian/Other Native American
1998 EntriesCalifornia Exits Over Time Reunified and Still in Care by
Ethnicity:Kin
In Care
Reunified
Months from First Entry
%
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 3 6 12 15 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
Black White Hispanic Asian/Other Native American
1998 EntriesCalifornia Exits Over Time Reunified and Still in Care by
Ethnicity:Non-Kin
In Care
Reunified
%
Months from First Entry
2001 First Entries California:
Reentry following Reunificationwithin 12 months by Age
8.0
4.3
6.2
14.5
5.3
5.9
6.2
5.2
2.4
11.7
4.1
5.0
6.2
5.1
4.8
8.9
5.3
4.1
5.9
3.5
2.0
8.6
3.9
3.9
4.0
5.3
3.3
9.3
4.5
3.5
3.6
1.80.0
5.8
1.70.9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Kin Non-Kin Kin Non-Kin Kin Non-Kin Kin Non-Kin Kin Non-Kin Kin Non-Kin
<1 yr 1-2 yrs 3-5 yrs 6-10 yrs 11-15 yrs 16-17 yrs
Kin
Within 6 months
6-12 months
12-24 months
18.5
25.7
13.8
20.8
16.1
18.3
11.4
16.4
12.6
17.3
5.4
8.4
%
2001 First Entries California:
Reentry following Reunificationwithin 12 months by Ethnicity
7.0
6.3
3.6
13.9
5.6
5.6
6.2
5.7
3.5
10.3
4.9
3.6
5.6
3.0
3.1
8.5
3.6
4.4
4.3
2.87.8
3.5
2.0
6.4
6.4
8.5
17.9
4.7
3.6
5.9
4.6
3.4
10.0
4.4
4.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Kin Non-Kin Kin Non-Kin Kin Non-Kin Kin Non-Kin Kin Non-Kin Kin Non-Kin
Black White Hispanic Asian Native American TOTAL
%
12-24 months
6-12 months
Within 6 months
16.9
25.1
15.4
18.8
11.7
16.5
7.1
13.3
21.3
26.2
13.9
18.5
The Cycle of Experiences in the Child Welfare The Cycle of Experiences in the Child Welfare SystemSystem
CounterbalancedCounterbalancedIndicators ofIndicators of
SystemSystemPerformancePerformance
PermanencyPermanencyThroughThrough
Reunification,Reunification,Adoption, orAdoption, orGuardianshipGuardianship
LengthLengthof Stayof Stay
StabilityStabilityof Careof Care
Rate of Referrals/Rate of Referrals/Substantiated ReferralsSubstantiated Referrals Home-BasedHome-Based
Services vs.Services vs.Out of HomeOut of Home
CareCare
Positive Positive AttachmentsAttachments
to Family,to Family,Friends, andFriends, andNeighborsNeighbors
Use of LeastUse of LeastRestrictiveRestrictive
Form of CareForm of Care
Source: Usher, C.L., Wildfire, J.B., Gogan, H.C. & Brown, E.L. (2002). Measuring Outcomes in Child Welfare. Chapel Hill: Jordan Institute for Families,
Reentry to CareReentry to Care
DATA ABUSE will not help end CHILD ABUSE
• Beware:County rankings on individual measuresComposite scores that mask issuesSmall populationsInappropriate views
• ConsiderPerformance over timeAge, gender and race/ethnicityLocal Practice and Policy changes needed to impact
outcomes
Data are Your Friends
fin