The Body: Basics
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Transcript of The Body: Basics
The Body
The Basics
Why Study the Body?
Understanding the normal body is basis
for analyzing disease
• Structure
• Functions
Why Study the Body?
• If you understand “normal” you can
figure out what is going wrong
Terms to Know
Anatomy
Study of the structure
-tomy
Latin term meaning cutting
Physiology
How the body works
Latin term meaning nature
Interrelated
Can’t have one without the other
Terms to Know
• Anything that upsets the normal
structure of the working body
• Disease
• Science that studies disease
•Pathology
Levels of Organization
Chemicals
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Body Systems
Organism (Body as a Whole)
Levels of
Organization
Protection, Support, and Movement
• Integumentary
• Skin and associated structures
• Hair
• Nails
• Sweat and oil glands
• Skeletal
• Basic framework of the body
• 206 bones
Protection, Support, and Movement
• Muscular
• Attached to the bones
• Produce movement
• Three types:
• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth
Coordination and Control
•The Nervous System
• Brain and spinal cord
• Nerves
• Special senses
• Mental health
Coordination and Control
•The Endocrine System
• Scattered throughout the body
• Share a similar function• What is it?
• ______________________________
• What are some examples?
Circulation
• Cardiovascular System
• Heart and blood vessels
• Pump blood
• Carry waste materials away from tissues to
elimination points
• Lymphatic System
• Brings fluids from tissues back to the blood
• Play role in immunity
• Lymphocytes
• Aid in the absorption of digested fat
• Lymph
Nutrition and Fluid Balance
• Respiratory System
• Lungs and passages leading to and from the lungs
• Gas exchange• Oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Digestive System
• Takes in nutrients
• Converts nutrients to a usable form
• Absorbs this usable form into the circulation
• Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, and pancreas
Nutrition and Fluid Balance
• Urinary System
• Rids the body of waste products and excess water
• Structures include
• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Urethra
Reproduction of Offspring
• External sex organs and internal structures
concerned with reproduction