Skeletal System

Skeletal System

• The Basics

Skeletal System

• The Basics– provides support

and shape to the body

Skeletal System

• The Basics– provides support

and shape to the body

– protects delicate internal organs

Skeletal System

• The Basics– provides support

and shape to the body

– protects delicate internal organs

– acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement

Skeletal System

• The Basics– provides support

and shape to the body

– protects delicate internal organs

– acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement

– stores minerals

Skeletal System

• The Basics– provides support and

shape to the body– protects delicate

internal organs– acts as a system of

levers on which muscles act to produce movement

– stores minerals– site of blood cell

formation

Skeletal System

• The Basics– provides support and

shape to the body– protects delicate

internal organs– acts as a system of

levers on which muscles act to produce movement

– stores minerals– site of blood cell

formation

The Structure of Bone

The Structure of Bone

• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone

The Structure of Bone

• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone

• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory

The Structure of Bone

• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone

• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory

• Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass

The Structure of Bone

• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone

• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory

• Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass

• Marrow in center

The Structure of Bone

• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone

• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory

• Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass

How are bones formed?

How are bones formed?

• Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes

How are bones formed?

• Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes

• Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage

How are bones formed?

• Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes

• Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage

• Osteocytes can either add or remove calcium salts

How are bones formed?

• Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes

• Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage

• Osteocytes can either add or remove calcium salts

How bones grow!

How bones grow!

• Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end

How bones grow!

• Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end

• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen

How bones grow!

• Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end

• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen

• Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

How bones grow!

• Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end

• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen

• Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

How bones grow!

• Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end

• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen

• Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy

Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy

• Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue.

Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy

• Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue.

• Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals

Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy

• Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue.

• Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals

• Osteocytes are nourished by these blood vessels

Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy

• Haversian canals (osteons) are tubes through bone tissue.

• Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals

• Osteocytes are nourished by these blood vessels

Connecting Bones Together

Connecting Bones Together

• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily

Connecting Bones Together

• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily

• Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear

Connecting Bones Together

• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily

• Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear

• Ligaments hold bones together

Connecting Bones Together

• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily

• Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear

• Ligaments hold bones together

Different types of joints.

Different types of joints.

• Fixed joints - found in skull do not allow movement . These are also called suture joints because of their jagged appearance

Different types of joints.

• Fixed joints - found in skull do not allow movement . These are also called suture joints because of their jagged appearance

Different types of joints.

• Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge

Different types of joints.

• Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge

Different types of joints.

• Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge

Different types of joints.

• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions

Different types of joints.

• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions

Different types of joints.

• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions

Different types of joints.

• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions

Different types of joints.

• Saddle or Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones

Different types of joints.

• Saddle or Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones

Different types of joints.

• Saddle or Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones

Different types of joints.

• Saddle or Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones

Different types of joints.

• Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow end of the radius arm bone allow rotational movement

Different types of joints.

• Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow end of the radius arm bone allow rotational movement

Different types of joints.

• Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow end of the radius arm bone allow rotational movement

Different types of joints.

• Fixed • Hinged• Ball and Socket• Saddle or Gliding• Pivot

How many bones do you have?

How many bones do you have?

• Human adults have 206 bones

How many bones do you have?

• Human adults have 206 bones

• Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth

How many bones do you have?

• Human adults have 206 bones

• Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth

• As infants age some of their bones fuse together forming the 206 bones of an adult

How many bones do you have?

• Human adults have 206 bones

• Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth

• As infants age some of their bones fuse together forming the 206 bones of an adult

How strong are bones?

How strong are bones?

• Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight

How strong are bones?

• Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight

• But bones do break

How strong are bones?

• Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight

• But bones do break

How strong are bones?

• Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight

• And your skeleton shape can be changed

The parts of the skeleton

The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton

The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton

The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton– includes:– 1-- skull

• cranium 8 bones

The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton– includes:– 1-- skull

• cranium 8 bones

• face 14 bones

The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton– includes:– 1-- skull

• cranium 8 bones• face 14 bones

• hyoid 1 bone• ears 6 bones

The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton– includes:

– 2 -- Vertebral Column

• spine 24 bones• sacrum 1 bone• coccyx 1 bone

The parts of the skeleton

• The axial skeleton– includes:

– 3 -- Thorax• ribs 24 bones• sternum 1 bone

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton– this is the system

of bones that include the limbs and the bones that attach them to the axial skeleton

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:

• pectoral girdle

• 2 scapula, right and left

• 2 clavicle, right and left

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:

• pectoral girdle • upper limbs

– 2 humerus– 2 ulna– 2 radius– 16 carpals– 10 metacarpals– 28 phalanges

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:

• pectoral girdle • upper limbs

– 2 humerus– 2 ulna– 2 radius– 16 carpals– 10 metacarpals– 28 phalanges

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:

• pectoral girdle • upper limbs

– 2 humerus– 2 ulna– 2 radius– 16 carpals– 10 metacarpals– 28 phalanges

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:

• pectoral girdle • upper limbs

• pelvic girdle 2 bones

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:

• pectoral girdle • upper limbs• pelvic girdle 2 bones

• lower limbs

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:

• pectoral girdle • upper limbs• pelvic girdle 2 bones

• lower limbs– femur 2 bones

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:

• pectoral girdle • upper limbs• pelvic girdle 2 bones

• lower limbs– femur 2 bones

– patella 2 bones

» (knee)

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:

• pectoral girdle • upper limbs• pelvic girdle 2 bones

• lower limbs– femur 2 bones– patella 2 bones

– lower leg» tibia 2 bones» fibula 2

bones

The parts of the skeleton

• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:

• pectoral girdle • upper limbs• pelvic girdle 2 bones

• lower limbs– femur 2 bones– patella 2 bones– lower leg

– ankle/foot» tarsals 14 bones» metatarsals 10 » phalanges 28

bones