The Bayt.com Entrepreneurship in MENA Survey...Key findings When it comes to perceptions of...

Nov 2017

The Bayt.com

Entrepreneurship in MENA Survey

PROJECT BACKGROUND

Section 1

Objectives

This research was conducted to gain insights into the current level of understanding and

interest in entrepreneurship within the region. The key objectives were to understand:

Current work preferences and reasons for being self employed vs. employed

Current level of entrepreneurship in the region

The perceived barriers to starting a business

The ease of setting up own business in current country of residence

Perception of entrepreneurs in the region

Key findings

Findings show that more than three-fifths (62%) of respondents prefer to be self-employed,with this proportion being considerably lower in Pakistan (39%), Algeria and the UAE (both at55%). ‘Personal fulfillment’ (53%) and ‘freedom to choose work-life balance’ (41%) emerge asthe top reasons for preferring to be self-employed. On the other hand, those who prefer toseek employment in a company, do so mostly for the regular income and for learning new skills( both at 43%).

Nearly 7 in 10 of those who are self-employed took the first step to establish their business inthe last 5 years. ‘Gaining greater independence in what they wanted to achieve’ (32%), ‘formore income’ (29%), ‘achieving a better work-life balance’ (28%) and ‘wanting to do what theylove’ (24%) arise at the top reasons for having started their own businesses.

Over 6 in 10 are currently thinking of starting their own business (62%), while 20% have alreadytried but failed, with financial related reasons being the main obstacle preventing from doingso. This shows that although MENA residents have the entrepreneurial spirit, they may lack thefinancial resources to put them into action.

Nearly three-fifths claimed it was difficult to start a business in their country of residence (58%)with residents in the Levant (61%) and North Africa (68%) claiming that to a greater extent.Over half also believes that the government could better support entrepreneurs by easing lawsand regulations of setting up a business (53%).

Key findings

When it comes to perceptions of entrepreneurship, Real Estate/ Property Development (11%)and Commerce/ Trade/ Retail (9%) are considered to be the most appealing industries forentrepreneurship, followed by IT/ Internet/ E-commerce (8%) and Consumer Goods/ FMCG(8%). According to respondents, procuring finances (62%) is the top concern while setting up abusiness.

In regards to the perceived image of entrepreneurs, respondents most strongly agree with thestatements that ‘entrepreneurs are opportunity-driven’ (82%) and ‘entrepreneurs help increating new jobs’ (80%).

Finally, the most important ‘key to success’ for entrepreneurship is innovation (27%) followedby employing the right people (25%).

To conclude, being an entrepreneur is looked as a favorable career by respondents in the MENAregion where a majority of respondents who are not self-employed aspire to becomeentrepreneurs. However, there are several barriers and gaps, particularly financial ones,prevent them from doing so.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Section 2

Sample Definition

Age and Gender:

Adult males and females

Aged 18 and above

Nationalities:

Arabs, North Africans, Levantines, Westerns, Asians

Country of Residence

GCC: UAE, KSA, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain

Levant: Lebanon, Jordan

North Africa: Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sudan

Others: Pakistan

Data Collection

All data was collected online. Fieldwork was done between 1 October and 22 October 2017.

The total number of successful online interviews achieved was 4,570.

WORK STYLE PREFERENCES

Section 3a

Work style preference

All figures are %’s

Q. Given the choice, what would you like to do? Please select one option from below.

Base: Total (4,570)

When asked about their work style preference, more than three-fifths (62%) of respondents claimed they would prefer to be self-employed. On the other hand, 29% claimed they would prefer to seek employment in a company.

62

29

5

4

Be self- employed/ have my own business

Seek employment in a company (work for pay)

Work in a family business (if available/ applicable)

Others

Work style preference


2937

16 20 2432

1930

21

4532 27

19

36

21

6255

7173 68

5871

6368

3959 65

73

5576

5 45

4 4 6 6 54 8

6 4 6 424 3 7 3 4 4 4 3 7 7 2 4 2 5 2

Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia

Tunisia UAE Sudan

Seek employment in a company (work for pay) Be self- employed/ have my own business

Work in the family business (if applicable) Other

Q. Given the choice, what would you like to do? Please select one option from below.

Base: Total (4,570)

Small bases for Bahrain (73 respondents)

This proportion of those interested in working for firms was considerably higher in Pakistan at 45%, Algeria (37%) and the UAE (36%).

Choice of sector


59

42

67 71 66 6671

48

67 65

5260

33

5459

41

58

33 29 34 3429

52

33 35

4840

67

4641


Tunisia UAE Sudan

Private sector company Public sector company

Q. Would you prefer to work for a …….?

Base: Those who say they would prefer to ‘seek employment in a company (work for pay)’ (1,333)

Small base for Jordan (50), Kuwait (58), Morocco (88), Qatar (60) very small base for Bahrain (12), Lebanon (34), Oman (24), Tunisia (21), Sudan (27)

Of those who prefer to seek employment in a company, 59% state that they would prefer to work for the private sector.

Reasons for preferring to ‘seek employment in a company’


Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to ‘seek employment in a company (work for pay)’? Select 3 responses only


43

43

35

31

30

29

19

12

12

10

10

9

8

8

1

Learning new skills

Regular income

Stability of employment/ job security

Lack of finances to start own business

Fixed working hours

Benefits and perks

Unfavorable economic conditions

Political system/ gov. difficulty to start own business

No investment required

Lack of an appropriate business idea

Consistent resources/ flow of work

Lack of necessary skills to be self-employed

Little risk involved

Lack the confidence for running own business

Other

The main reasons for preferring to seek employment in a company are regular income and learning new skills (both at 43%). Stability of employment (35%), lack of finances to start their own business (31%), fixed working hours (30%) and benefits and perks (29%) follow.


Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to ‘seek employment in a company (work for pay)’?

Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan QatarSaudi Arabia

Tunisia UAE Sudan

Base: 1,333 159 12* 167 50* 58* 34* 88* 24* 247 60* 219 21* 119 27*

Learning new skills 43 41 50 40 38 34 47 40 33 42 48 50 52 47 48

Regular income 43 34 75 47 38 47 32 31 46 49 40 45 38 50 33

Stability of employment/ job security

35 45 33 26 44 43 59 31 25 20 40 40 43 46 19

Lack of finances to start own business

31 32 25 28 36 26 24 40 42 30 40 32 29 22 26

Fixed working hours

30 23 17 29 32 34 41 28 29 34 27 30 29 34 15

Benefits and perks 29 43 33 31 40 21 29 38 25 21 23 23 43 24 52

Unfavorable economic conditions

19 21 33 34 22 9 9 28 17 11 10 19 10 7 37

Political system/ gov. difficulty to start own business

12 18 8 16 8 14 6 17 21 9 7 10 - 6 26

No investment required

12 4 - 4 2 17 24 3 29 29 12 4 5 24 4

Reasons for preferring to ‘seek employment in a company’ – By country (1/2)


*Small / very small base, please read data carefully


Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to ‘seek employment in a company (work for pay)’?

Reasons for preferring to ‘seek employment in a company’ – By country (2/2)



Tunisia UAE Sudan

Base: 1,333 159 12* 167 50* 58* 34* 88* 24* 247 60* 219 21* 119 27*

Lack of an appropriate business idea

10 9 - 10 4 9 6 18 13 10 12 13 - 6 7

Consistent resources/ flow of work

10 8 8 8 10 16 - 6 4 11 15 9 19 12 4

Lack of necessary skills to be self-employed

9 10 8 8 8 7 12 8 8 12 3 9 29 4 15

Little risk involved 8 4 8 9 8 17 9 2 4 11 18 8 - 8 -

Lack the confidence for running own business

8 7 - 8 10 7 3 9 4 9 5 5 5 9 15



Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to ‘be self- employed/ have my own business’?

Base: Those who say they would prefer to ‘be self- employed/ have my own business’ (2,839)

53

41

38

38

38

32

31

14

9

4

2

Personal fulfilment / sense of pride

Freedom to choose work-life balance

Higher monetary gains

Ability to give back to the community

Be my own boss

Freedom to choose what to work on

Build a business my children can inherit

Freedom to choose whom to work with

Avoid uncertainties associated with employment

Family members are self-employed

Other

Reasons for preferring to be ‘self-employed’

‘Personal fulfillment’ (53%) and ‘freedom to choose work-life balance’ (41%) emerge as the top reasons for preferring to be self-employed. ‘Be my own boss’, ‘ability to give back to the community’ and ‘higher monetary gains’ follow (all at 38%).


Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to ‘be self- employed/ have my own businesses’?

Base: Those who say they would prefer to ‘be self-employed/ have my own business’ (2,839)

Reasons for preferring to be ‘self-employed’ – By country


Tunisia UAE Sudan

Base: 2,839 238 52* 604 144 105 128 185 78* 215 111 525 79* 185 100

Personal fulfilment / sense of pride

53 45 46 68 60 43 38 65 29 32 35 57 59 49 46

Freedom to choose work-life balance

41 48 48 38 42 42 41 45 40 42 47 36 35 42 50

Higher monetary gains 38 32 27 45 40 37 30 25 29 26 41 44 53 34 44

Ability to give back to the community

38 48 37 36 36 29 23 53 40 35 37 40 35 32 50

Be my own boss 38 40 40 35 35 46 53 37 45 45 47 33 44 36 21

Freedom to choose what to work on

32 31 33 24 30 29 38 28 40 40 32 32 30 43 37

Build a business my children can inherit

31 27 37 37 27 37 30 19 38 28 28 36 29 25 32

Freedom to choose whom to work with

14 15 17 10 16 18 25 15 21 22 15 10 6 16 7

Avoid uncertainties associated with employment

9 8 12 4 8 12 13 8 14 14 13 7 5 15 8

Family members are self-employed

4 5 2 1 2 7 4 4 3 14 5 3 1 5 3


SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Section 3b

Age of business (those self-employed)


Q. You said you are self-employed / have your own business. When did you take the first step to establish it?

Base: Those self-employed (356)

6817

15

In the last 5 years (2012 - 2017)

From 5 to 10 years ago (2007 - 2011)

More than 10 years ago (2006 or before)

Of those who are self-employed, nearly 7 in 10 respondents took the first step to establish their business in the last 5 years.

Current stage of business (those self-employed)


Q. Which of the following best applies to the business you have established?

36

22

22

6

I am at the start up stage of the business

My business is well established and performing well

My business is established but currently notperforming well

I am in process of closing down my business


Don’t know/ Can’t say: 15%

When it comes to the current stage of their business, over a third of the self-employed are at the start up stage of the business (36%), while another 22% claim that their business is established and performing well (22%). On the other hand, 22% say their business is established but not performing well

Reason for starting own business (those self-employed)


Q. Why did you decide to start your own business in the first instance?

32

29

28

24

23

22

20

19

12

11

7

3

1

Greater independence in what I want to achieve

Wanted more income

To achieve a better work-life balance

Wanted to do what I love

Had a great business idea/ concept

Wanted to be in control of my own career

Felt the time was right/ got the right opportunity

Wanted to be my own boss

Could not find a job

To choose when to work

Finance was easily available

Tried to emulate other members in the family

Other


‘Gaining greater independence in what they wanted to achieve’ (32%), ‘for more income’ (29%), ‘achieving a better work-life balance’ (28%) and ‘wanting to do what they love’ (24%) arise as the top reasons for starting their own businesses

Hiring plans for the next year


Q. Are you planning to hire for your business within the next 12 months?

3847

2139 41 38

2137

2735 30

4432 32

44

2827

34

30 3128

28

27

3025 29

26 43

21

32

4

4

9

43

4

6

25

72

33

8

22

1

4

2 13

7

22

23

22

3

28 2132 26 24 26

3931 35 31 36

24 1936

22


Tunisia UAE Sudan

Definitely hiring Probably hiring Probably not hiring Definitely not hiring I don’t know / I’m not sure

Base: Those who are self-employed or employed in a family business (3,151)

Small base for Tunisia (88), Oman (82), very small base for Bahrain (56)

Two-thirds of respondents are planning to hire for their business in the next year

Personal ambition for business and future


Q. Which of the following best describes your personal ambition for your business and future growth?

Base: Those who are self-employed (356)

36

22

21

19

2

Obtain more growth and profitability in mycountry of residence

Become a major international group

Become an important international player

Become an important regional player

Other

Over a third of respondents have personal ambitions to grow their business further in their country of residence (36%), followed by 22% who aim to become a major international group.

Attempt to start own business (those currently employed)

62

20

11

I am currently thinking of starting my own business

I have tried to start my own business in the past butcould not do so/ or failed to do so

I have never thought of starting my own business

Q. Which of the following best describes you with regards to starting your own business?


Base: Those currently employed in the public/ private sector (4,797)

Don’t know/ Can’t say: 7%

When it comes to those who are currently employed, almost 6 in 10 are currently thinking of starting their own business. 17% of respondents have tried to start their own business but have failed, while 15% never thought of starting their own business.

Attempt to start own business (those currently employed) – By country


Base: Those currently employed in the public/ private sector (2,407)

Q. Which of the following best describes you with regards to starting your own business?


Tunisia UAE Sudan

Base: 2,407 172 44* 438 119 124 82* 81* 75* 252 141 453 43* 222 93*

I have tried to start my own business in the past but could not do so/ or failed to do so

21 18 23 23 29 21 21 10 21 16 16 21 23 19 27

I am currently thinking of starting my own business

59 64 59 64 45 62 59 67 65 50 67 56 56 59 59

I have never thought of starting my own business

10 10 9 7 20 10 9 15 5 11 7 12 7 13 11

Don’t know/ Can’t say 10 8 9 6 7 7 12 9 8 23 11 11 14 10 3


Challenges faced in starting a business (those who tried but couldn’t/ failed to do so)


Q. Given below are some reasons that people have identified which could prevent one from starting one’s own business. Which of these prevented you from starting your own business?

53

52

37

18

16

14

13

12

12

11

11

9

9

9

7

4

Unable to obtain financial support

Not able to self-finance the start-up of the business

Economic uncertainty

Strict government regulations/ Bureaucracy

Strong competition in the line of business

Corruption in business

Fear of failure

Difficult to obtain sufficient information on starting a business

Cost of acquiring technology was prohibitive

Unable to meet licensing and regulatory requirements

Unable to establish the ‘right’ contacts

Do not have the requisite skills and experience

Difficult to reconcile with family situation

Lack of confidence/ risk-taking spirit

Too much hard work and effort

Lack of skilled workforce required in the business

Base: Those who tried to start a business in the past but could not do so (494)

Of those who tried to start a business in the past, financial-related obstacles were the main reasons preventing them from starting their own business.

PERCEPTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Section 3c

Ease of setting up own business


Q. In your opinion, on a scale of 1-5 where 1 is ‘extremely easy’ and 5 is ‘extremely difficult’, how easy/ difficult would you sayit is to start your own business in the country you currently live in?

Base: Total (4,570)

6 3 5 4 18 3 2

1116

5 6 2 71

74

106

6

63 4

1411

5 8

2

1011

29

23

42

21 25

34

2335

3036

3232

19

35

21

39

42

25

4852

36

43

37

3323

3836

55

30

49

1927

18 2217 17

27 2212 13

20 1723

18 18


Tunisia UAE Sudan

Extremely easy Somewhat easy Neither easy nor difficult Somewhat difficult Extremely difficult

Nearly three-fifths claimed it was difficult to start a business in their country of residence (58%). Respondents in the Levant (61%) and North Africa (68%) believe that to a greater extent when compared to GCC

respondents (52%).


Government support for entrepreneurs


Q. How do you think governments could better support entrepreneurs?

Base: Total (4,570)

53

16

13

12

5

Ease the laws and regulations of setting up a business

Reduce taxation

Regulate competition among businesses

Facilitate access to skilled labor

Other

Over half of respondents believe that the government could better support entrepreneurs by easing laws and regulations of setting up a business (53%).

Government support for entrepreneurs – By country



Tunisia UAE Sudan

Base: 4,570 430 73* 826 211 181 180 295 114 545 187 810 108 334 131

Ease the laws and regulations of setting up a business

53 53 55 62 40 59 36 47 64 29 61 63 57 52 56

Reduce taxation 16 15 16 14 39 7 23 25 9 20 10 9 20 16 27

Regulate competition among businesses

13 14 10 11 9 18 19 12 13 19 13 10 9 13 8

Facilitate access to skilled labor

12 11 14 7 6 12 17 10 11 26 12 14 9 13 4

Taxation reduction is echoed more strongly in Jordan (39%).

Base: Total (4,570)

Q. How do you think governments could better support entrepreneurs?

*Small base, please read data carefully

Best time to start a business


Q. In your opinion when is it the best time to start one’s own business?

Base: Total (4,570)

43 4355

40 4350

35

5144 43 44 46

3743

37

1322

12

14 98

8

15

823

810

15 79

3330 22

35 3732

39

27

3824

37 34 4136 47

8 48 9 9 10

186 9 5 10 8 7

11 52 2 3 2 2 1 0 1 2 5 1 3 0 2 2


Tunisia UAE Sudan

Any time Right after college/ university Mid-career After a lengthy career Never

43% of respondents mentioned that starting a business can be done any time while a third consider the best time to be mid-career (33%).


Advice to aspiring entrepreneurs


Q. What do you think is the single best advice to an aspiring entrepreneur?

Base: Total (4,570)

44

12

10

10

9

7

5

1

3

Don't be afraid of failure

Have a great business plan

Have a great marketing plan

Have a great business idea

Do an extensive amount of market research

Have a great founding team

Have plenty of financing

Have a concrete exit strategy

Other

‘Not being afraid of failure’ (44%) is by far the best advice to aspiring entrepreneurs. Having a great business follows at 12%.

Most appealing industry for entrepreneurship


Q. Which industry in your country of residence do you think is most appealing for entrepreneurship?

Base: Total (4,570) Only industries>2% are presented

11

9

8

8

6

5

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

Real Estate/ Construction/ Property Development

Commerce/ Trade/ Retail

IT / Internet/ E-commerce

Consumer Goods/ FMCG

Manufacturing

Hospitality/ Recreation/ Entertainment

Marketing / Advertising/ Public Relations

Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals

Engineering/ Design

Tourism

Business Consultancy/ Business Management

Agriculture / Forestry

Education / Academia

The most appealing industries for entrepreneurship are considered to be Real Estate/ Property Development (11%) and Commerce/ Trade/ Retail (9%) followed by IT/ Internet/ E-commerce (8%) and Consumer Goods/ FMCG (8%).

Most appealing industry for entrepreneurship


Q. Which industry in your country of residence do you think is most appealing for entrepreneurship?

Base: Total (4,570)

Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)

Only industries>2% are presented


Tunisia UAE Sudan

Base: 4,570 430 73* 826 211 181 180 295 114 545 187 810 108 334 131

Real Estate/ Construction

11 8 10 15 6 9 6 15 9 7 18 10 11 10 10

Commerce/ Trade/ Retail

9 8 5 12 12 12 6 11 8 3 5 10 10 8 9

IT / Internet/ E-commerce

8 7 11 10 12 9 6 8 4 7 9 9 8 6 11

Consumer Goods/ FMCG

8 5 15 9 9 8 11 10 7 4 7 10 8 8 7

Manufacturing 6 10 1 10 6 5 2 6 4 4 7 5 13 4 8

Hospitality/ Entertainment

5 2 7 2 4 4 15 5 5 3 6 5 3 10 2

Marketing / Advertising/ Public Relations

4 3 3 4 3 6 3 5 1 7 3 5 4 5 1

Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals

4 8 4 3 2 13 1 3 7 3 7 3 8 2 2

Engineering/ Design 4 5 3 3 3 2 7 3 7 6 4 3 2 4 2

Tourism 4 7 3 4 4 2 4 4 8 2 3 3 2 6 1

Business Consultancy/ Business Management

3 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 2 5

Agriculture / Forestry 3 9 1 2 1 1 1 2 - 3 5 1 5 2 12

Education / Academia 3 1 4 2 4 3 2 1 6 7 1 2 3 2 4

Top concerns while setting up business


Q. Imagine if you were to set up your own business today (in your current country of residence), what are the top 3 things that you would be most concerned about?

Base: Total (4,570)

62

37

32

32

31

26

25

24

17

13

2

Procuring finances to start

Uncertainty of profit/ income

Need to establish the ‘right’ contacts

Hiring the wrong people

Need to put in a lot of time, energy and effort

Making a loss

Lack of good advice and mentorship

Business idea not being accepted in the marketplace

Finding the correct insurance cover

Failure to comply with legislation, regulation and/or standards

Other

The top concern of respondents while setting up their own business, would be procuring finances to start (62%), the uncertainty of profit/ income (37%).

Hiring the wrong people is a higher concern in North Africa (40%) as compared to 29% in the Levant and 27% in the GCC.

Top concerns while setting up business – By country


Q. Imagine if you were to set up your own business today (in your current country of residence), what are the top 3 things that you would be most concerned about?

Base: Total (4,570)



Tunisia UAE Sudan

Base: 4,570 430 73* 826 211 181 180 295 114 545 187 810 108 334 131

Procuring finances to start

62 69 55 61 70 51 53 74 61 41 58 67 74 56 79

Uncertainty of profit/ income

37 27 45 37 39 42 48 29 36 46 41 35 19 42 26

Need to establish the ‘right’ contacts

31 21 37 19 31 39 32 22 40 51 45 26 20 43 37

Hiring the wrong people

32 49 21 36 36 21 29 39 30 18 17 33 40 22 40

Need to put in a lot of time, energy and effort

31 21 37 19 31 39 32 22 40 51 45 26 20 43 37

Making a loss 26 25 16 39 26 21 22 32 15 16 13 30 24 19 20

Lack of good advice and mentorship

25 30 18 23 26 22 21 31 31 29 20 25 26 23 23

Business idea not being accepted in the marketplace

24 26 26 27 26 28 29 21 23 19 22 23 21 19 19

Finding the correct insurance cover

17 11 15 15 17 14 15 20 18 24 14 17 18 16 19

Failure to comply with legislation, regulation and/or standards

13 14 19 16 8 14 11 7 11 7 20 16 15 14 11

Perceived image of entrepreneurs


Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?

Base: Total (4,570)

Respondents perceive entrepreneurs to be opportunity-driven (82%) and they help in creating new jobs (80%).

51

53

43

42

38

38

33

31

28

33

32

34

28

26

12

11

16

16

17

19

20

4

5

6

6

7

9

11

2

3

3

3

4

6

9

They are opportunity-driven

They help in creating new jobs

They create new products/services for the society’s benefit

They are a source of innovation insociety

They are effective risk-takers

They mentor young people andpromote the entrepreneurial spirit

They only think about their own profit

Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree

Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Are they opportunity-driven?


Base: Total (4,570)

Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They are opportunity driven


Respondents in North Africa (87%) perceive entrepreneurs to be opportunity- driven more than those in Levant (82%) and GCC (80%).

51 54 52 5845 45

38

57

39 4252 50

58 5261

3133

2228

36 31 42

27

37 3224 31

2632

31

12 922

9 1313 13

1215 15 20 14 8 11

34 3 4 3 44

6 36 5

3 3 4 3 42 1 0 2 2 6 2 1 4 5 2 1 4 2 1


Tunisia UAE Sudan


Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Creation of new jobs


Base: Total (4,570)

Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They help in creating new jobs

Respondents in the UAE (87%) and Sudan (89%) agree that entrepreneurs help in creation of new jobs.

53 51 51 52 4656 49

5849 55 60

48 54 57 64

28 33 26 2927

2431 21

29 2425

29 2029

2511 10

14 1013

8 11 12 13 1210

13 14

9 35 5 5 5 10 7 6 5 4 4 2 7 82 63 2 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 5 2 3 4 3 2


Tunisia UAE Sudan



Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Creation of products/ Services


Base: Total (4,570)

Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They create new products/services for the society’s benefit

Slightly over three-quarters of respondents perceive entrepreneurs to create products or services for the society’s benefit.

43 38 37 4334

4433

48 42 48 49 42 40 45 47

33 41 38 3138

30 4827

31 27 3032 33 30

34

16 12 16 16 19 1413 17 18 14

13 17 17 18 116 5 8 8 6 9 4 4 5 7 4 6 8 6 43 4 0 2 3 3 2 4 4 5 3 2 2 1 3


Tunisia UAE Sudan



Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Source of innovation


Base: Total (4,570)

Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They are a source of innovation in society

Close to three-quarters of respondents (74%) perceive entrepreneurs to be the source of innovation in society.

42 38 38 4430

41 3947

39 42 4941 40

48 50

3232 36 31

3631 38

2832 31

3232 35

31 30

1618

19 1520

1918 18

16 1614

17 1316 15

6 85 7 10 6 3 4 11 6

3 6 8 3 53 5 1 3 3 3 2 2 3 5 2 3 4 3 1


Tunisia UAE Sudan



Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Effective risk-takers


Base: Total (4,570)

Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They are effective risk-takers

Respondents in Egypt (79%), Tunisia (79%), the UAE (78%) and Qatar (78%) perceive entrepreneurs to be effective risk-takers.

38 3448 45

2744

31 35 39 3848

3344 43 43

3430

23 34

37

3141 35 33 29

30

3835 36 36

1722

22 11

2114 19 21 18

16

1619 10 14 14

7 97 6 10 6 4 5 5

94 6 6

6 74 5 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 3 3 5 1 1


Tunisia UAE Sudan



Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Mentoring young people


Base: Total (4,570)

Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They mentor young people and promote the entrepreneurial spirit

Respondents in the GCC (70%) consider entrepreneurs to mentor young people and promote entrepreneurial spirit more than those in Levant (65%) and North Africa (62%).

38 3442 36

2639 32

41 44 47 4737 32

42 39

2826

2227

29

27 3526 27 26 32

32

19

2724

1923

2519

23

22 18 1820 15

1318

25

2022

9 108

11 127 8 9

6 7 5 816

7 126 7 3 8 9 6 7 6 3 5 3 5 7 4 3


Tunisia UAE Sudan



Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Are they profit-driven?


Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?...They only think about their own profit

33 3325

37 34 3325

3324

4125 32 31 29 24

26 23

16

27 26 2429

21 34

25

2627 31 29 32

20 1836

17 20 23 25 23 1820

2021 18 19 23

11 13 15 10 12 11 14 12 118

1611 14 11 11

9 12 8 9 8 9 7 11 12 7 13 9 7 11 11


Tunisia UAE Sudan


Base: Total (4,570)

The perception that entrepreneurs are opportunity driven is higher in Pakistan (66%) and Egypt (63%).


Key to Success as an Entrepreneur


Q. In your opinion, what is the “key to success” as an entrepreneur?

Base: Total (4,570)

27

25

19

18

8

3

Innovation

Employing the right people

Access to funding

Being close to clients or customers

Access to advice and mentorship

Other

Over a quarter of respondents believed that innovation is the ‘key to success’ as an entrepreneur (27%), followed by employing the right people (25%).

DEMOGRAPHICS

Section 4

Respondent Profile (1/3)

Age

• 18 – 29 – 45%

• 30 – 39 – 33%

• 40+ – 22%

Marital status

• Single – 46%

• Married – 51%

• Divorced – 2%

• Separated – 1%

Number of children

• None – 18%

• One – 21%

• Two – 27%

• Three – 18%

• More than three – 17%

Gender

• Male – 79%

• Female – 21%

2

2

2

2

2

3

4

4

4

5

6

7

9

12

18

18

Others

Iraq

Bahrain

Tunisia

Oman

Sudan

Lebanon

Kuwait

Qatar

Jordan

Morocco

UAE

Algeria

Pakistan

Saudi Arabia

Egypt

Country of residence


Base: Total (4,570)

12

20

2

1

2

3

4

7

10

12

14

14

Don’t know/Can’t say/Don’t want to reveal

No personal income

US$ 7001 or more

US$ 6001-7000 per month








Up to US$ 200 per month

Monthly income

6

2

2

5

7

9

13

56

Other

Full-time homemaker or housewife

Retired

Full- time student

Working part time (Less than 30 hours per week)

Unemployed (Recent graduates)

Unemployed (Professional with past working experience)

Working full time (30 or more hours per week)

Working status



10

17

40

10

20

2

Professional higher education (e.g. toqualify as an engineer, doctor, lawyer,…

University higher degree (Masters,MBA, PhD)

University first degree (e.g. BA, BSc)

Vocational college education (e.g. toqualify as an electrician, nurse, etc.)

Secondary school

Elementary school

Education

Base: Total (4,570)

5

1

3

16

23

25

27

Other

Charity or voluntary sector

Semi-government/Quasi-governmental company

Public/ government sector

Private Sector - Large Local company

Private sector - Small or Medium Local

Private sector - Multinational company

Sector of employment


3

12

84

Employed in a familybusiness

Self-employed/ have myown business

Employed in the public/or private sector

Type of employment


29

26

17

14

14

Middle Management – Senior manager/ Assistant manager/ Administrative officer etc.

Junior Manager/ Team leader

Executive with no managerial responsibilities

Senior Management – CEO/ CFO/ President/ General manager/ Director etc.

Employed Professional – Doctor / Lawyer/ Architect etc.

Level of seniority at work

Base: Those employed (2,862)

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