The Battle of ChancellorsvilleMay 1-6 1863

• Northern General = Joseph “Fighting Joe” Hooker

• Troop Strength – 134,000• Southern General = Robert E. Lee• Troop Strength – 58,900• After Fredericksburg, Lincoln fires Burnside

and replaces him with Hooker• Lee decides to divide his army in two to

confuse Hooker and surprise him

Joseph Hooker

“My plans are perfect, and when I start to carry them out, may God have mercy on General Lee, for I will have none,”

Robert E. Lee

Lee’s Masterpiece• Hooker thinks his army is safely

positioned

• Stonewall Jackson’s men surprise the Union troops

• Hooker is then hit with fragments from a porch and knocked unconscious

• He lost control of the army and ordered a withdrawal

Friendly Fire

• On May 2nd 1863, Jackson left camp to scout the enemy position at night

• As he returned around 9pm, he was accidentally shot by his own men

• He was shot in left arm twice and once in the right hand

Death of a General• Jackson’s left arm is amputated and

he is close to death

• Stonewall Jackson dies on May 10th 1863 from pneumonia

• General Lee says, “Jackson has lost his left arm and I my right.”

“Let us cross over the river, and rest under the shade of the trees.”

Rebel Victory• Lee’s army again defeats the Union

• Hookers comment was, “I just plain lost faith in Joe Hooker.”

• Northern Casualties = 17,278

• Southern Casualties = 12,821

• Lincoln quote, “My God, what will the country say?”

Sherman’s March to the SeaDecember to November 1864

• Northern General = William Tecumseh Sherman

• Troop Strength - 75,000

• There was no Confederate army large enough to stop Sherman

• Sherman orders all people to leave Atlanta in 5 days

• Sherman says, “I will make Georgia howl.”

William Tecumseh Sherman

Bad News for the South• Sherman’s war strategy was to take

the war to the Southern civilian • Sherman proceeds to burn Atlanta

to the ground• Sherman’s army will then march

toward Savannah, Georgia on the coast

Devastation !!!!• Sherman’s army will kill, burn and

destroy everything in its path • This path is 25-60 miles wide and

275 miles long

Total War

• Confederates left only with Wheeler’s cavalry (14,000) … no match for Sherman’s veteran army of 62,000

• Two large columns under Howard and Slocum would reach Savannah on December 10, 1864

• Christmas Present to Lincoln

Total War

• After Sherman’s army destroys Savannah he then turns north to South & North Carolina

• South Carolina was to be dealt with particularly harshly

• Federal troops had particular hatred for South Carolina … they started it!

U. S. Grant

The “S” is for SUPER

Lieutenant General

• March 9, 1864 - Lincoln promoted Grant to Lt. general and General in Chief of the Armies

• General Halleck was made Chief of Staff (administrative, logistic, paperwork)to free up Grant to strategize overall strategy.

• Grant’s plan– Grant v. Lee in East (VA)– Sherman in West to sea then North

The Forty Days• Grant along same routes as Hooker and Meade

through Wilderness around Chancellorsville

• General Butler up Yorktown peninsula toward Richmond from South

• Lee met Grant in Wilderness

• May 5-7, 1864 slugfest Grant v. Lee– Lee wins decisively– 17,666 Union casualties– 7,800 Confederate casualties

• Both Grant’s flanks had been turned

• Lee right in front of him ready to attack

• Grant was NOT Pope, Hooker, etc.

• He did NOT retreat

• Pulled out and moved toward Spotsylvania to flank Lee

• Lee anticipated and moved

• Grant “killer arithmetician”

• War of attrition … North could replace losses / South could not