The North Takes Charge Chapter 11 Section 4. The South, won several battles in 1863. Confederate...
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Transcript of The North Takes Charge Chapter 11 Section 4. The South, won several battles in 1863. Confederate...
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The North Takes Charge
Chapter 11 Section 4
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• The South, won several battles in 1863.• Confederate forces defeated the Union army in Chancellorsville,
Virginia.
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During the battle, the South’s famous general, Stonewall Jackson, died when he was shot accidentally by his own troops.
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Armies Clash at Gettysburg
• In 1863 General Robert E. Lee decided again to invade the North.
• Lee’s forces clashed with the Union army at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
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• The Union army defeated Lee’s troops after three days of fierce fighting.
• Each side lost more than 50,000 soldiers.
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Battle of Gettysburg in 4 Minutes
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ALyq3seK2g
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• The Battle of Gettysburg was considered a turning point in the war.
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Northerners became rejuvenated due to the fact that they had finally broken through and defeated Lee’s army.
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• Lee would continue to lead his men brilliantly in the next two years of the war.
• But the Confederacy would never recover from the loss and never again hope to invade the North.
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Grant Wins at Vicksburg; The Gettysburg Address
The day after Gettysburg, General Grant captured Vicksburg, Mississippi, for the Union. It was another significant defeat for the Confederacy.
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As a result of the battle, the Union controlled the Mississippi River. The Confederacy was split in two.
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In November 1863, a cemetery was dedicated at Gettysburg. President Lincoln delivered a short speech.
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• The Gettysburg Address honored the dead and asked Americans to rededicate themselves to preserving the Union.
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Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.”
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• Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address said the United States was one nation, not a federation of independent states.
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Dramatic Reading of the Gettysburg Address
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvA0J_2ZpIQ
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Lincoln believed the Civil War was fought to fulfill the promise of the Declaration of Independence and was a “Second American Revolution.” He described a different vision for the United States from the one that had prevailed from the beginning of the Republic to the Civil War.
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The Confederacy Wears Down
• The losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg caused Southern morale to drop.
• Many men had been lost in battle.
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• The Confederate army was low on food, ammunition, and supplies.
• Soldiers began to desert.
• Some even joined the Union Army.
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• The South was exhausted and had few resources left.
• Southern leaders started to fight among each other.
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•
• The Confederate Congress accused President Davis of ineffective leadership.
• Some Southerners began calling for peace.
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• Meanwhile, Lincoln made Ulysses S. Grant commander of all Union armies.
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• Grant gave William Tecumseh Sherman command of the military division of the Mississippi.
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• Both generals sought a total victory over the South. This meant conquering not only the South’s army and government but also it’s civilian population.
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• In 1864, Grant fought Lee’s army in Virginia. Grant’s basic tactic was to attack and then attack again.
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• Even if his casualties ran twice as high as those of Lee, the North could afford it. The South could not.
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• Grant threw his troops into battle after battle. During a six week battle, Grant lost nearly 60,000 men to Lee’s 32,000.
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• Democrats and Northern newspapers called Grant a butcher.
• However, Grant kept fighting.
• He had promised Lincoln, “Whatever happens, there will be no turning back”.
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Meanwhile, General William Tecumseh Sherman’s troops invaded Georgia. His forces marched across the state to the Atlantic Ocean. They destroyed cities and farms as they went.
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• They did the same in South Carolina.
• The South was quickly becoming a wasteland.
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• Despite the Union’s military success, Lincoln feared he would not be re-elected in 1864.
• Many Northerners felt the war had gone on too long and had caused too much destruction.
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• But news of Sherman’s victories helped Lincoln win a second term.
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• By March of 1865, it was clear that the end of the Confederacy was near. President Davis fled Richmond.
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• On April 9, 1865, General Lee and Grant met in a Virginia village called Appomattox Court House and arranged a Confederate surrender.
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• The terms were generous.
• Lincoln did not want to impose harsh terms on the Confederates.
• As a result, Grant pardoned Lee’s soldiers.
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• He sent them home with their personal possessions, horses, and three days’ worth of rations. Officers were permitted to keep their side arms.
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• Within a month, all Confederate resistance collapsed.• After four long years, the Civil War was over.