The Avignon Papacy and the Great Schism
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Transcript of The Avignon Papacy and the Great Schism
The Avignon Papacy and the The Avignon Papacy and the Great SchismGreat Schism
Question: Why did people in Question: Why did people in the Middle Ages and the Middle Ages and
Renaissance have such a Renaissance have such a deep faith in the Church?deep faith in the Church?
Comfort and ReassuranceComfort and Reassurance
Needed salvation and sacraments to go Needed salvation and sacraments to go to heavento heaven
Temporal (Earthly) Authority of Temporal (Earthly) Authority of Church WeakenedChurch Weakened
Influence of strong Influence of strong monarchs and monarchs and national national governmentsgovernments
Boniface VIII Boniface VIII battled French battled French Philip the FairPhilip the Fair
King wants to tax King wants to tax the French clergythe French clergy
Papal Bulls (Papal Bulls (bullabulla or or decrees)decrees)
Clericos Laicos 1296: Clericos Laicos 1296: Clergy were not to pay Clergy were not to pay any tax to a lay rulerany tax to a lay ruler
Unam Sanctam Unam Sanctam 1302: 1302: Pope was the supreme Pope was the supreme authority-even over kingsauthority-even over kings
Phillip invaded Italy and Phillip invaded Italy and tried to take Boniface VIII tried to take Boniface VIII prisoner for ransom. prisoner for ransom.
Pope dies of humiliation Pope dies of humiliation & stress& stress
Babylonian Captivity 1309-Babylonian Captivity 1309-7777
1305: French 1305: French bishop elected Popebishop elected Pope
Clement V: leaves Clement V: leaves Rome and moves Rome and moves papacy to Avignonpapacy to Avignon
Technically a papal Technically a papal controlled city-state, controlled city-state, seen as a puppet of seen as a puppet of The French MonarchThe French Monarch
Pope Built Papal “Palace”Pope Built Papal “Palace”
St. Peter’s in RomeSt. Peter’s in Rome
Financial Corruption GrewFinancial Corruption Grew TraditionalTraditional tithe tithe for upkeep for upkeep
of local churches now a taxof local churches now a tax Church officials pay Church officials pay
annatesannates (first year income) (first year income) to popeto pope
All fees from a vacant All fees from a vacant position in church went to position in church went to popepope
SimonySimony (selling of church (selling of church offices) reintroducedoffices) reintroduced
Building a bureaucracy to Building a bureaucracy to collect revenues for the collect revenues for the popepope
How do you think the people How do you think the people saw this change in the role of saw this change in the role of
the church?the church?
Popes are viewed as Popes are viewed as corrupted by worldly powercorrupted by worldly power
Neglecting their spiritual Neglecting their spiritual dutiesduties
John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe
Wycliffe was an Oxford TheologianWycliffe was an Oxford Theologian Advocated the rights of kings against the Advocated the rights of kings against the
popes/clergy popes/clergy Church = Spiritual / King = Temporal Church = Spiritual / King = Temporal Followers called Lollards and preached in Followers called Lollards and preached in
the vernacular, favored reformsthe vernacular, favored reforms Donatism- efficacy of rituals depended Donatism- efficacy of rituals depended
upon the personal worthiness of the clergyupon the personal worthiness of the clergy
Jan HussJan Huss
Rector of University of Prague Rector of University of Prague Inspired by Wycliffe of OxfordInspired by Wycliffe of Oxford Denied the Miracle of TransubtantiantionDenied the Miracle of Transubtantiantion Concurred with DonatismConcurred with Donatism Burned at the stake by the Council of Burned at the stake by the Council of
Constance in 1414Constance in 1414 Later militant Hussites (Taborites) won Later militant Hussites (Taborites) won
concessions from the Council of Baselconcessions from the Council of Basel
Return to Rome: 1377Return to Rome: 1377
Gregory XI moves the Gregory XI moves the papal residence back papal residence back to Rome- diesto Rome- dies
Roman mobs force the Roman mobs force the election of an Italian election of an Italian pope- Urban VIpope- Urban VI
French cardinals French cardinals escape to Avignon and escape to Avignon and elect an alternative elect an alternative popepope
Both Popes Both Popes excommunicate each excommunicate each otherother
Great Schism 1378-1437Great Schism 1378-1437
TWO popes have TWO popes have different alliesdifferent allies
Roman Pope vs. Roman Pope vs. Avignon PopeAvignon Pope
Council of PisaCouncil of Pisa: Asks : Asks popes to resign and popes to resign and elects its own popeelects its own pope
THREE popes!!!THREE popes!!! Council of ConstanceCouncil of Constance
1414: Gets rid of all 1414: Gets rid of all three and elects Martin three and elects Martin VV
Conciliar MovementConciliar Movement
Theory- Church Theory- Church Councils are Councils are superior to the superior to the PopePope
Councils Pisa, Councils Pisa, Constance & Basel Constance & Basel sought to end the sought to end the Great Schism and Great Schism and clarify doctrineclarify doctrine
How does all of this How does all of this damage the reputation of damage the reputation of
the Church?the Church?
Laity is upset w/ excess & Laity is upset w/ excess & conflictconflict
Papacy disgraced as an Papacy disgraced as an institutioninstitution
Church is ripe for Church is ripe for REFORMATIONREFORMATION