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THE ANIMAL KINGDOMA Summary of Chapters 26-34

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What is an animal?

Kingdom Animalia

MulticellularEukaryoticHeterotrophs

No cell walls

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Animal Evolution Complex

animals High levels of

cell specialization

Internal body organization

Bilateral symmetry

Cephalization Body cavity

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Sponges Multicellular Heterotrophic Lack cell walls But contain few

specialized cells Water flow provides

a simple mechanism for feeding, respiration, circulation, and excretion.

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Cnidarians Soft-bodied, carnivorous

animals with stinging tentacles around the mouth nematocysts

Simplest animal with both symmetry and specialized tissues

Life stages are polyp and medusa

Include jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, & corals

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Flatworms Soft, flattened

worms with tissues and internal organ systems

No body cavity coelom

Simplest animals to have three embryonic germ layers, bi-symmetry, and cephalization

Most are hermaphrodites

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Tubellarians, Flukes, and Tapeworms

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Roundworms Unsegmented worms with pseudocoelems and digestive systems with a mouth and an anus

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Annelids Worms with

segmented bodies and a true coelom lined with mesoderm

Include earthworms, leeches (external parasites), and polychaetes (marine)

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Mollusks Soft-bodies with

an internal or external shell

Body Plan Foot, mantle,

shell, and a visceral mass

Gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods

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Types of Mollusks Gastropods

Shell-less or single shelled

Move using a muscular foot

Bivalves Two shells held together

by powerful muscle(s) Cephalopods

Soft-bodied Head attached to foot

and tentacles Most active mollusks

Arthropods Segmented bodies Tough exoskeleton Jointed appendages Evolution has led to

fewer segments and highly specialized appendages.

Classified by the number and structure of segments and appendages.

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ArthropodsMolting occurs as they outgrow their exoskeletons Vulnerablity increases at this time

Crustaceans Two pairs of antennae 2-3 body sections Mandibles- chewing mouth parts

Chelicerates Mouthparts

called chelicerae- fangs

2 body sections

4 pairs of walking legs

Uniramians Jaws One pair of

antennae Unbranched

appendages

Insects Body divided

into 3 parts- head, thorax, abdomen

3 pairs of legs attached to thorax

Undergo metamorphosis

Can have complex “societies”

Echinoderms Spiny skin Internal skeleton Water vascular

system Respiration,

circulation, and movement

Tube feet suction-cups

Five part radial symmetry (adults)

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Chordates Have a hollow nerve

cord; a notochord; pharyngeal pouches; and a tail for at least part of its life

There are only 2 groups of non- vertebrate chordates Lancelets Tunicates

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Fishes Aquatic

vertebrates with fins, scales, and gills

Jawless fish Cartilaginous

fish Bony fish

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Amphibians Lives in water as

a larva and land as an adult

Moist skin Lacks scales and

claws Include

salamanders, frogs and toads, and caecilians

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Reptiles Scaly skin, lungs,

and soft eggs Exothermic Includes lizards,

snakes, crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and tuatara

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Birds Reptile-like animals

that are endothermic Feathers, two legs

with scales, and front limbs modified for flight

Many features allow them to fly Feathers, lightweight

bones, strong chest muscles

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Mammals Hair Breathe air Produce milk 4-chambered

hearts Endotherms Complex organ

systems that maintain homeostasis

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Mammal Diversity Monotremes- lay

eggs Marsupials- bear

live, underdeveloped young which mature in pouches

Placentals- bear live more mature young

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Animal Behavior COMING SOON!