Introduction to the Animal Kingdom & Animal Diversity.
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Transcript of Introduction to the Animal Kingdom & Animal Diversity.
Introduction to the Animal Kingdom & Animal Diversity
Are all of these animals?
YES
Characteristics of Animals: Heterotrophic Eukaryotic Multi cellular Lack cell walls.
95% = invertebrates (do not have backbone) 5% = vertebrates (have a backbone)
Biology = study of life
Physiology = Study of the functions of organs
Anatomy = the structure of the organism/organs
Zoology = study of animals
Characteristics if Life
2. Respiration:
Take in O2 and give off CO2 .Lungs, gills, through skin.Simple diffusion.
3. Circulation:Very small animals rely on diffusion.Larger animals have circulatory system. Closed or open circulatory systems.
4. Excretion:Primary waste product is ammonia.
5. Response:Receptor cells = sound, light, smell,taste, touch, external stimuliNerve cells => nervous system
6. Movement:•Most animals move
7. Reproduction: Most reproduce sexually = genetic diversity Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually to increase their numbers rapidly
Classification: showing how all life is connected
AnimaliaBranch = EumetazoaGrade = BilateriaDivision = Protostomia
Deuterostomia
Chordata
Group= CraniataSub Phylum = VertebrataSuper class = Gnathostomata
Mammalia
Primate
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
Phylogenetic tree: showing evolutionary development & connectedness.
Textbook p158
Ancestral colonial Protist
Textbook p158
Ancestral colonial Protist
Body Symmetry-the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged.
Asymmetrical - no pattern (corals, sponges)
Radially Symmetrical – round shape(starfish, hydra, jellyfish)
Bilaterally Symmetrical - 2 mirror images along lateral line
(humans, insects, cats, etc)
Identify the Symmetry
Gut types:
Single opening:
Through gut:
Cephalization -an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head)
*The more complex the animals becomes the more pronounced their cephalization
Octopus – member of the class Cephalopoda
Body SidesAnterior - toward the head
Posterior - toward the tail
Dorsal - back side
Ventral - belly side
Segmentation- "advanced" animals have body segments, and specialization of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine)
Trends in Animal Evolution
Early DevelopmentAnimals begin life as a zygote (fertilized egg)
The cells in the zygote divide to form the BLASTULA - a hollow ball of cells
The blastula pinches inward to form three GERM LAYERS
TRIPLOBLASTIC
BODY CAVITY
Coelom
THUS:
Diploblastic = Never has coelom = diploblastic acoelomate
Triploblastic = Doesn’t have coelom = triploblastic acoelomate
Triploblastic = Does have coelom = triploblastic coelomate
Phylum Porifera – sponges
Phylum Cnidaria – sea anemones, jellyfish, hydra
Phylum Platyhelminthes - flatworms
Free-living Planarian Parasitic Tapeworm
Phylum Annelida – segmented worms
Phylum Arthropoda – crustaceans, insects, spiders
This is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom and contains the most number of species
Phylum Chordata – includes all vertebrates