THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

What characteristics do all animals have in common?

How are animals classified into groups?

KINGDOM

PHYLUM

CLASS

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS

SPECIES

CELL

TISSUE

ORGANORGAN SYSTEM

ORGANISM

HETEROTROPH=obtain food by eating other organisms

HERBIVORES CARNIVORES

OMNIVORES

MOVEMENT

Sexual reproduction

Multicellular

•Invertebrates=animals without a backbone

•Vertebrates=animals with a backbone

PORIFERA or SPONGES

1. Body with many openings or pores

2. Strain food particles from water to eat

3. Soft-bodied, many supported by spikes

4. Reproduce asexually and sexually

5. Adults stay in one place

CNIDARIANS

•Have stinging cells

•Take food into a hollow central cavity

•Use stinging cells to capture prey and defend themselves

•Most polyps attached to underwater surface

Jellyfish/sea anemones/corals

Everybody's favorite, worms. . .

Segmented worms make up the Phylum Annelida. The phylum includes earthworms and their relatives, leeches, and a large number of mostly marine worms known as polychaetes. Various species of polychaete are known as lugworms, clam worms, bristleworms, fire worms, sea mice, and "EWWW! I stepped on that THING!" Annelids can be told by their segmented bodies. Polychaetes (meaning "many bristles") have, predictably, many bristles on the body, while earthworms and leeches have fewer bristles. There are about 9000 species of annelid known today.

*Have rounded bodies with 2 openings, divided into segments; simple brain connected to nerve cord and 5 primitive hearts

Leeches are best known for their bloodfeeding habits and for their use in the art of phlebotomy or bloodletting.

When a leech is attached to your skin, it does not necessarily startfeeding straight away. First it has to find a nice soft place to feed from that has to "taste" just right. The palm of your hand for example, it not really a good place for them since the skin is usually quite thick. The classic characteristic of a medicinal leech feeding is this strongly arched neck seen to the right here.   Medicinal leeches have three muscular "jaws", one dorsal and two ventrolateral jaws, each of which has a row of fine "teeth" or denticles on it. By moving those jaws back and forth across your skin, they make a fine incision and cut the underlying capillary beds, thus causing blood to pool. The outer rim of the oral sucker is very muscular and the leech uses this to create a firm seal around the wound so that is can effectively suck your blood into its gastric caeca (gut).

Nematodes have a rounded body shape, 2 openings, mouth/anus, are free-living aquatic organisms, some live in moist soil and others are parasites (ascaris worms live in intestines, root-knot nematodes damage plant roots)

Soft bodies; most are parasites, some are free-living(moist soil, water environments)

Examples: planarians, tapeworms, flukes

END ANIMAL KINGDOM NOTES, PART1