The Animal CellKey Concept: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound

organelles

• All living things are composed of cells

• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles

Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane

1. Barrier to extra-cellular environment

2. Allows nutrients in and wastes out

3. Identifies the cell

4. Receives messages from other cells

Nucleus

• Controls the cells activities

• Contains the genetic material (DNA)

• Surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Nucleolus

• Manufactures ribosomes

Nuclear Membrane

• Keeps the DNA inside

• Allows the RNA to pass into the cell

Cytoplasm

• Gel-like fluid that fills the cell

• Breaks down some glucose for energy (glycolysis) – not much energy

• Filled with free-floating subunits

Mitochondria

• Metabolizes glucose for energy – provides a great deal of energy

• Has its’ own DNA

• Has a double membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Two types of ER– RER (rough endoplasmic

reticulum) contains ribosomes

– Manufactures and transports proteins

– SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) has no ribosomes

– Manufactures and transports lipids

Ribosome

• Makes proteins

• Sometimes attached to RER

• Sometimes free-floating in the cytoplasm

Golgi Apparatus

• Packages proteins

• Modifies proteins

• Prepares them for export to the organism outside the cell

Vesicle

• Transports proteins to and from the Golgi apparatus

Lysosome

• Digests worn out organelles

• Destroys infected or un-necessary cells

• Contains digestive enzymes

Centriole

• The centriole is found only in animal cells

• It is involved in cell division

Plant Cells

• Plant cells have many of the same organelles as animals cells

Plant Cells Have 2 Extra Organelles

• Outside the cell membrane, plants have a cell wall

• Plants have large central vacuoles

• Plants have chloroplasts to convert sunlight to glucose

Chloroplasts

• Use CO2, H2O and sunlight to produce Carbohydrates

• Releases O2

• Contains double membrane

• Has its’ own DNA

Chloroplast

• Chlorophyll does the work

• Chlorophyll is located in the thylakoid stacks

• Thylakoid stacks are called granum

Shape and Support

• Made of cellulose (an indigestible form of carbohydrate)

• Found just outside the plasma membrane

Transport Into & Out of the Cell

• Materials move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

• This is called diffusion