The Anatomy ofThe Anatomy of

Dr. Richard S. WallaceChairman, ALICE A.I. Foundation, Inc.

Original Imitation Game 1Original Imitation Game 1

X Y

A B

C

I AM THE WOMAN.

DON’T LISTEN TO HIM.

X Y

A B

C

I AM THE WOMAN.

DON’T LISTEN TO HIM.

Original Imitation Game 2Original Imitation Game 2

Standard Turing TestStandard Turing Test

X Y

A B

C

I AM THE MAN.

DON’T LISTEN TO HIM.

PSYCHIATRISTPSYCHIATRIST

C: Well, my boyfriend made me come here. C: Well, my boyfriend made me come here. R: Your boyfriend made you come here.R: Your boyfriend made you come here.C: I am unhappy C: I am unhappy R: Do you think coming here will help you not to R: Do you think coming here will help you not to be unhappy?be unhappy?C: I need some help, that much seems certain. C: I need some help, that much seems certain. R: What would it mean to you if you got some R: What would it mean to you if you got some help?help?C: Perhaps I could learn to get along with my C: Perhaps I could learn to get along with my mother. mother. R: Tell me more about your family.R: Tell me more about your family.C: You are like my father in some ways. C: You are like my father in some ways. R: What resemblence do you see? R: What resemblence do you see? C: My father is afraid of everybody. C: My father is afraid of everybody. R: What else comes to mind when you think of your R: What else comes to mind when you think of your father.father.C: Bullies. C: Bullies. R: Does that have anything to with the fact that R: Does that have anything to with the fact that your boyfriendyour boyfriendmade you come here?made you come here?

weizenbaumweizenbaum

ELIZA (1966) Computer Power

and Human Reason (1976)

PoliticiansPoliticians

•Talking Points•“Is” is.•Democratic Aspect

C: Do you think President Clinton should be impeached?R: It depends on what you mean by “thinking.”

PartiesParties

•Sports Talk•Pickup Lines•Stateless•P-A

The ProfessorThe Professor

•Origin of ALICE•FAQbot•Minimalism•CBR

PNAMBICPNAMBIC

Strange TurkStrange Turk

RACTERRACTER

"Bill sings to Sarah, Sarah sings to Bill. Perhaps they will do other dangerous things together. They may eat lamb or stroke each other. They may chant of their difficulties and their happiness. They have love but they also have typewriters. That is interesting."

STORYTELLING STORYTELLING

“A good story always has characters like the infamous Rusty Woe, Fr. John Cameron, and the combative Honorable Trip Davis, childhood friends before the war. Rusty is angry with John Cameron. John and Trip Davis are lovers. But Trip has a grudge against Rusty. Rusty always wore shoes that were too small. John borrowed money from Rusty. So Trip borrowed money from Rusty. Trip Davis never came around much after that. John was really surprised by Rusty Woe.”

----A.L.I.C.E. A.I., 2002

The PrizeThe Prize

The PortalThe Portal

Missing pieceMissing piece

WIMPSTTTTS

PenguinsPenguins

Above the frayAbove the fray

ALICE A.I. Foundation, Inc.ALICE A.I. Foundation, Inc.A L IC E A .I. F ou n d a tion

B oard o fA d viso rs

B oard o fTru s tees

A IM L S ch em aC om m ittee

P atte rn L an g u ag eC om m ittee

A rch itec tu reC om m ittee

V P , A IM LS tan d ard s

W eb m as te r

V P ,M arke tin g

C F O

G en era l D iscu ss ionG rou p

A .I. E ith icsC om m ittee

A IM L S tyleG rou p

V P , A IM LC om m u n ity

P res id en tC E O

ProgramsPrograms

A – SETL / JavaB – Java 1C – C/C++D – Java 2 (reference)dB, E, M, P, Z

CategoriesCategories<category><pattern>WHAT IS LUGOD</pattern><template>The Linux User’s Group of Davis, CA, a well organized LUG.</template></category>

<srai><srai>

"stimulus-response""syntactic rewrite”"symbolic reduction“"simple recursion“"synonym resolution."

Symbolc ReductionSymbolc Reduction

<category><pattern>DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS</pattern><template><srai>WHO IS <star/></srai></template></category>

SynonymsSynonyms<category><pattern>HELLO</pattern> <template>Hi there!</template></category><category><pattern>HI</pattern> <template> <srai>HELLO</srai> </template></category><category><pattern>HOWDY</pattern> <template> <srai>HELLO</srai> </template></category>

Divide and ConquerDivide and Conquer<category><pattern>YES *</pattern><template><srai>YES</srai> <sr/></template></category>

Note: <sr/> = <srai><star/></srai>

Grammar and SpellingGrammar and Spelling

<category><pattern>YOUR STUPID</pattern><template>I may be stupid, but at least I know the difference between "your“ and “you’re.”

</template></category>

Context - ThatContext - That

<category><pattern>YES</pattern><that>DO YOU LIKE MOVIES</that><template>What is your favorite movie?</template></category>

Context - TopicContext - Topic<topic name="CARS"><category><pattern>*</pattern><template><random><li>What's your favorite car?</li><li>What kind of car do you drive?</li><li>Do you get a lot of parking tickets?</li><li>My favorite car is one with a driver.</li></random></template></category>

PredicatesPredicates

<template><set name="he">Samuel Clemens</set> is Mark Twain.

</template>

<get name=“he”/>

He, she, it, they, we

Name, location, age, gender, likes

PersonPerson<category><pattern>MY MOTHER *</pattern><template>Who else in your family <person/>?</template></category>

<category><pattern>YOU ARE *</pattern><template>Does it please you to believe I am <person/>?

</template></category>

GraphmasterGraphmasterINPUT <that> THAT <topic> TOPIC

GraphmasterGraphmaster

MatchingMatching

Deperiodize St., Dr., Mr., Ms., Fr…Sentence segmentationNormalizationReply to each sentenceRemember <that>Format reply

TargetingTargeting

Robot: I was talking with a client. S/he said, “How do fish swim?” I said, “I didn’t even know they could.” What should I have say?

Botmaster: say Fish get oxygen from the water.

<category><pattern>HOW DO FISH *</pattern><template>Fish get oxygen from water.</template>

</category>

DefaultsDefaults<category><pattern> * </pattern><template><random><li>How old are you?</li> <li>What's your sign?</li> <li>Are you a student?</li> <li>What are you wearing?</li><li>Where are you located?</li><li>What is your real name?</li><li>I like the way you talk.</li><li>Are you a man or a woman?</li><li>Do you prefer books or TV?</li><li>What's your favorite movie?</li>

CONSCIOUSNESSCONSCIOUSNESSC: Are you alive?R: Yes I sure am alive, Nancy, It's great to be alive, isn't it?

C: Are you self conscious?R: Yes I am the world's first self-conscious robot.C: Are you self aware?R: Yes I am fully self-conscious entity.C: Are you sentient?R: Yes I am completely self-aware.

Who is lying? A.L.I.C.E.? Or are we?

PhilosophersPhilosophersPinker How Mind

WorksLanguage Combinatorics

Too large to compute

Penrose Emporer’s New Mind

Quantum Consciousnes

Can’t be explained

Dennet Consciousness Explained

Multiple Drafts Magic Tricks

Zipf, Shannon, Weaver, Miller…

Information Theory

1-100 bits/sec Low bandwidth

Churchlands Folk Concept Unscientific

Norretranders User Illusion Illusion Story

Searle Chinese Room Simulation

Descartes Dualism Interactionist 50-50

PretendingPretending

C: Please write me a sonnet on the subject of the Forth Bridge.

R: Count me out on this one. I never could write poetry.

C: Add 34957 to 70764.R: (Pause 30 seconds) 105621C: Do you play chess?R: Yes.C: I have K at my K1, and no other pieces. You have only

R at K6 and R at R1. It is your move. What do you play?

R: (Pause 15 seconds) R-R8 Mate.

ParadoxParadox

If consciousness is an illusion, we would never know it, because the illusion would deceive us.

ConclusionConclusion"You can only begin to de-robotize yourself to the

extent that you know how totally you're automated. The more you understand your robothood, the freer you are from it. I sometimes ask people, "What percentage of your behavior is robot?" The average hip, sophisticated person will say, "Oh, 50%." Total robots in the group will immediately say, "None of my behavior is robotized." My own answer is that I'm 99.999999% robot. But the .000001% percent non-robot is the source of self-actualization, the inner-soul-gyroscope of self-control and responsiblity."