The American Nation Chapter 5 Crisis in the Colonies 1745–1775.
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The American Nation Chapter 5 Crisis in the Colonies 1745–1775
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Transcript of The American Nation Chapter 5 Crisis in the Colonies 1745–1775.
The American Nation
Chapter 5
Crisis in the Colonies1745–1775
The American Nation
Section 1: The French and Indian War
Chapter 5: Crisis in the Colonies,
1745–1775
Chapter 5, Section 1The French and Indian War
1.How did the rivalry of Britain and France lead to war in North America?
2.How did lack of unity and mistakes lead to British defeats early in the war?
3.What turned the tide of war in Britain’s favor?
4.How did British troops bring about the fall of New France?
Rivalry Between Britain and France Leads to War
Chapter 5, Section 1
Rivalry Between Britain and France Leads to War
• European powers competed for trade and colonies around the globe.
• France and England both claimed land in North America.
• English settlers pushing westward clashed with French fur traders in the Ohio Valley.
Chapter 5, Section 1
Rivalry Between Britain and France Leads to War
• Native Americans were caught up in the conflict. Algonquins and Hurons sided with the French. Iroquois supported the English.
• In 1754, France and Great Britain began to fight in the Ohio River Valley. English settlers called the fight against France and their Indian allies the French and Indian War.
Rivalry Between Britain and France Leads to War
Chapter 5, Section 1
How Britain Almost Lost the War
Event
Albany Plan of Union
What Happened
To get the colonists to work together to defeat the French, Franklin proposed this plan for “one general government” for the 13 colonies.
Results
The colonial assemblies turned the plan down.
Fort Necessity Washington launched a surprise attack against the French.
French and Indian forces outnumbered Washington’s forces. Washington surrendered.
Fort Duquesne General Braddock led British and colonial troops toward Fort Duquesne.
The French launched a surprise attack and defeated Braddock’s troops.
Fort Oswego, Fort William Henry
The French succeeded in capturing these forts.
Britain’s Indian allies began to doubt the British.
Chapter 5, Section 1
How Great Britain Won the War
Who or What
William Pitt
What Happened
Pitt became the new head of the British government. Pitt’s first goal was to win the war in North America.
Results
Pitt sent his best generals, money, and supplies to North America.
Louisbourg With the capture of the most important French fort in Canada, the tide of battle turned.
Fort Duquesne
Major General Amherst captured the fort in 1758.
Fort Duquesne became Fort Pitt.The British seized it in 1758.
Added to British success.Fort Niagara, Crown Point, Fort Ticonderoga
The British seized them in 1759.
The British and French troops fought on the Plains of Abraham, outside the city of Quebec. The British won. Quebec surrendered.
Quebec, important city overlooking the St. Lawrence River
In the dark, British troops led by General Wolfe quietly climbed the cliff and surprised the French.
Chapter 5, Section 1
How Great Britain Won the War
Chapter 5, Section 1
The Treaty of Paris
Chapter 5, Section 1
The Treaty of Paris
• Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
• The treaty marked the end of French power in North America.
• Britain gained Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans.
Chapter 5, Section 1
The Treaty of Paris
• France kept two islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
• France kept some sugar-growing islands in the West Indies.
Chapter 5, Section 1
The Treaty of Paris
• Spain gave up Florida to Britain.
• Spain received New Orleans and all French land west of the Mississippi.
• Spain kept its empire in Central and South America.
Chapter 5, Section 1
Section 1 Assessment
In North America, the French and the English clashed over
a) land claims and fur trade.
b) which Native Americans would be their allies.
c) clearing the forests.
d) rights to the Mississippi River.
As a result of the French and Indian War
a) the Iroquois deserted the British.
b) the city of Pittsburgh grew up.
c) France lost its empire in North America.
d) France controlled shipping on the St. Lawrence River.
Chapter 5, Section 1
Section 1 Assessment
In North America, the French and the English clashed over
a) land claims and fur trade.
b) which Native Americans would be their allies.
c) clearing the forests.
d) rights to the Mississippi River.
As a result of the French and Indian War
a) the Iroquois deserted the British.
b) the city of Pittsburgh grew up.
c) France lost its empire in North America.
d) France controlled shipping on the St. Lawrence River.
