THE AGE OF

SCIENCE AND

REASON

THIS IS PROVABLE USING MATHEMATICS AND

SCIENCE

PHYSICAL LAW

A PERIOD OF NEW TECHNOLOGY AND NEW

APPROACHES TO SEEKING KNOWLEDGE

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

ENGLISH PHILOSOPHER AND SCIENTIST WHO

HELPED TO DEVELOP THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

FRANCIS BACON

THIS STATES THAT THE EARTH IS THE CENTER OF

THE UNIVERSE. THIS THEORY WAS ADOPTED

BY THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

GEOCENTRIC THEORY

USING OBSERVATION, LOGIC, AND REASON TO DEVELOP THEORIES OR

FIND ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

THIS STATES THAT THE SUN IS THE CENTER OF

THE UNIVERSE

HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

HE IS KNOWN AS THE “FATHER OF MODERN

CHEMISTRY”

ANTOINE LAVOISIER

A GERMAN ASTRONOMERHE DEVELOPED THE LAWS

OF PLANATARY MOTION (EARTH IS STILL)

JOHANN KEPLER

HE INVENTED THE BAROMETER WHICH

MEASURES ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

TORRICELLI

HE DISCOVERED “THE EXISTENCE OF OXYGEN”

HE INVENTED CARBONATED DRINKS

JOSEPH PRIESTLY

HE IMPROVED THE TELESCOPE

HE TRIED TO PROVE THE HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

GALILEO GALILEI

HE ESTABLISHED CHEMISTRY AS A SCIENCE

HE DIFFERENTIATED BETWEEN COMPOUNDS

AND MIXTURESHE WAS THE FIRST TO DEFINE “ELEMENTS”

ROBERT BOYLE

HE DISCOVERED THE THEORY OF GRAVITY

ISSAC NEWTON

THE FOUR MEDIEVAL ELEMENTS ARE:

EARTH WATER

AIR FIRE

HE STATED THE EVERYTHING CAN BE

EXPLAINED BY USING A MATHEMATICAL

FORMULAHE WROTE “TRUTH THROUGH REASON”

HE DEVELOPED ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

RENE DESCARTES

THE CHEMISTRY OF THE MIDDLE AGES RELATED TO

SUPERSTITIONS AND MAGIC

ALCHEMY

HE WROTE THE DECLARATION OF

INDEPENDENCE USING MANY OF JOHN LOCKE’S

IDEAS

THOMAS JEFFERSON

HE WAS AN INVENTOR HE EXPERIMENTED WITH

ELECTRICITYHE PROVED THAT LIGHTNING WITH

ELECTRICITY COULD BE CONDUCTED

BEN FRANKLIN

WHEN PEOPLE MAKE AN AGREEMENT WITH THE

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT DERIVES ITS POWER FROM THE

PEOPLE

SOCIAL CONTRACT

HE DISSECTED THE HUMAN BODY AND HIS

DEPICTIONS WERE VERY ACCURATE

VESALIUS

THE THREE NATURAL RIGHTS ARE:

LIFE LIBERTY PROPERTY

HE PROVED THAT THE HEART SERVES AS A PUMP

AND THAT BLOOD CIRCULATES

THROUGHOUT THE BODY

HARVEY

THIS STATES THAT PEOPLE IN A STATE OF NATURE ARE MORAL

AND REASONABLETHIS WAS CREATED

BEFORE MAN CREATED GOVERNMENT

NATURAL RIGHTS

HE DISCOVERED THE “CELL”

HOOKE

HE IMPROVED THE MICROSCOPE AND DISCOVERED THE

PRESENCE OF BACTERIA

VAN LEEUWENHOEK

HE WROTE “”TWO TREATISES OF

GOVERNMENT”HE STATED THAT GOVERNMENT IS

CREATED TO PROTECT THE NATURAL RIGHTS OF

PEOPLE

JOHN LOCKE

A PERIOD OF SCIENTIFIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL

THOUGHT BASED ON REASON AND LOGIC

EMPHASIZED THE CONCEPT OF NATURAL

LAW

AGE OF

REASON

THE UNIVERSAL MORAL LAW THAT COULD BE

UNDERSTOOD BY APPLYING REASON

NATURAL LAW

HE WROTE “LEVIATHAN”HE BELIEVED THAT

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY WAS THE BEST FORM OF

GOVERNMENT AND WITHOUT ABSOLUTISM CHAOS WOULD OCCUR

THOMAS HOBBES

THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES FOR:

FREE ENTERPRISE PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF

PROPERTY INDIVIDUAL PROFIT

CAPITALISM

HE WROTE “THE WEALTH OF NATIONS”HE BELIEVED IN THE NATURAL LAWS OF

SUPPLY AND DEMANDHE DEVELOPED

CAPITALISM

ADAM SMITH

OPPOSITION TO VIOLENCE OR WAR AS A METHOD OF SATISFYING

DISPUTES

PACIFISM

HE WROTE A “SOCIAL CONTRACT”

IT IS THE BASIS OF A JUST SOCIETY

LIBERTY EQUALITY

FRATERNITY

ROUSSEAU

DENOUNCED ORGANIZED RELIGION

GOD DOES NOT ACTIVELY CONTROL THE UNIVERSE

DEISM

HE CHALLENGED THE IDEA THAT EVERYTHING HAPPENS FOR THE BEST

HE CRITICIZED THE LACK OF INDIVIUAL RIGHTS

VOTAIRE

THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT ARE:

THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH DOES WHAT?

MAKE THE LAWS

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH DOES WHAT?

ENFORCE THE LAWS

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH DOES WHAT?

INTERPRET THE LAWS

HE WROTE “SPIRIT OF THE LAW”

HE DEVELOPED POLITICAL SCIENCE

HE STUDIED EXISTING GOVERNMENTSHE BELIEVED IN

SEPARATION OF POWERS

MONTESQUIEU

THE EFFORT TAKEN TO USE NATURAL LAW AND

REASON IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND AND IMPROVE SOCIETY

ENLIGHTENMENT

HE COMPILED THE FIRST ENCYCLOPEDIA

DENIS DIDEROT

GREAT THINKERS (FRENCH

PRONUNCIATION)

PHILOSOPHES

THE ARTISTIC MOVEMENT CELEBRATING HUMAN EMOTIONS THAT HAD

ALWAYS BEEN IGNORED

ROMANTICISM

THE PHILOSOPHY THAT DEALS WITH UNIVERSAL SPIRITUAL

AND ETHICAL

QUESTIONS

METAPHYSICS

HE WROTE 600 COMPOSITIONS

HE WROTE OPERAS

MOZART

HE DEVELOPED THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT STRESSING THE VALUE

OF THE PERSONAL RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE

(METHODISM)

JOHN WESLEY

HE WROTE SYMPHONY MUSIC

HAYDN

THIS WAS RELATED TO THE ANCIENT

CULTURALS OF ROME AND GREECE

IT WAS A CLASSIC STYLE

CLASSICISM

HE WROTE THE “MESSIAH”

HANDEL

HE WROTE ORGAN MUSIC AND RELIGIOUS COMPOSITIONS

BACH

WRITING THAT USES IRONY OR SARCASM

SATIRE

HE WROTE “GULIVER’S TRAVELS”

JONATHAN SWIFT

HE WROTE “ROBINSON CRUSOE”

DANIEL DEFOE