The 1850’s The 1850’s and the Road and the Road to Successionto Succession

&&

The Civil WarThe Civil War(1861-1865)(1861-1865)

The 1850’s The 1850’s and the Road and the Road to Successionto Succession

&&

The Civil WarThe Civil War(1861-1865)(1861-1865)

Problems of Balancein 1850

Problems of Balancein 1850

ß California statehood.

ß Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession.

ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

ß California statehood.

ß Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession.

ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

What was the Missouri What was the Missouri Compromise again?Compromise again?

Passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery Passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions regulating and anti-slavery factions regulating slavery in the western territories.slavery in the western territories.

Slavery okay in the former Louisiana Slavery okay in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north except within the boundaries of the north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. proposed state of Missouri.

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

• The Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 (10 Stat. 277) created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands that would help settlement in them and repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820. • Allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries and to settle there.•Problems?

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Bleeding Bleeding KansasKansas

A struggle for control of A struggle for control of Kansas and opponents of Kansas and opponents of slavery.slavery.

Pro-slavery settlers from Pro-slavery settlers from Missouri arrived in Missouri arrived in Kansas and settlers from Kansas and settlers from New England led by John New England led by John Brown clashed in Kansas.Brown clashed in Kansas.

Dozens of settlers on Dozens of settlers on both sides were both sides were slaughtered. slaughtered. Foreshadowing maybe?Foreshadowing maybe?

Tragic PreludeTragic PreludeBy: John CurryBy: John Curry

Depicting John Brown, an American abolitionist who preached Depicting John Brown, an American abolitionist who preached abolition by any means necessary.abolition by any means necessary.

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.1849 Secret Order of the

Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection

1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

1856Electio

n Result

s

1856Electio

n Result

s

The Dred The Dred Scott DecisionScott Decision

In 1957 the Supreme Court In 1957 the Supreme Court ruled that since private ruled that since private ownership was outlined in ownership was outlined in the Bill of Rights, the Federal the Bill of Rights, the Federal government could not government could not deprive anyone from owning deprive anyone from owning slaves, who were seen as slaves, who were seen as property.property.

Abolitionists were outraged Abolitionists were outraged by this decision and felt that by this decision and felt that Southern slaveholders had Southern slaveholders had too much power in too much power in government.government.

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas

& the Freeport

Doctrine

Stephen Douglas

& the Freeport

Doctrine

PopularSovereignty

?

PopularSovereignty

?

18601860PresidePreside

ntialntialElectioElectio

nn

18601860PresidePreside

ntialntialElectioElectio

nn

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860Republican Party Platform in 1860

ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.]

ß Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.]

ß Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Ohio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military Service

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

ImmigrantImmigrantss

as a as a %%of a of a

State’sState’sPopulationPopulation

inin18601860

ImmigrantImmigrantss

as a as a %%of a of a

State’sState’sPopulationPopulation

inin18601860

The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy

The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy

Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

The Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate Seal

MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

North’sNorth’sCivil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnaconAnaconda”da”PlanPlan

North’sNorth’sCivil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnaconAnaconda”da”PlanPlan

The “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” Plan

Lincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s Generals

Irwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowell

Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott

George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!

George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!

George McClellanMcClellanGeorge McClellanMcClellan

Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside

Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker

George MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!

McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

Jeb StuartJeb StuartJeb StuartJeb Stuart

James LongstreetJames LongstreetJames LongstreetJames Longstreet

George PickettGeorge PickettGeorge PickettGeorge Pickett

““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Robert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)

July, 1861July, 1861

Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)

July, 1861July, 1861

Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service

Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War up to This point”War up to This point”

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War up to This point”War up to This point”

23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties

23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties

September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862

TheTheEmancipationEmancipationProclamationProclamation

TheTheEmancipationEmancipationProclamationProclamation

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert

Gould ShawGould Shaw

August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert

Gould ShawGould Shaw

African-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War BattlesAfrican-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War Battles

Black Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing Slaves•Black soldiers made a Black soldiers made a massive difference in the massive difference in the war.war.•After emancipation After emancipation many blacks joined the many blacks joined the war effort with 38,000 war effort with 38,000 dying for the cause.dying for the cause.•Approximately 180,000 Approximately 180,000 blacks fought for the blacks fought for the North, which helped to North, which helped to shape a different view of shape a different view of blacks in America.blacks in America.

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863

The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation

The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation

Battle of ChancellorsvilleBattle of Chancellorsville

General Lee won a General Lee won a victory for the south in victory for the south in this battle in North this battle in North Virginia.Virginia.

Tragically, another Tragically, another popular military popular military leader, General leader, General “Stonewall Jackson” “Stonewall Jackson” was killed by friendly was killed by friendly fire.fire.

The War The War in in

the West, the West, 1863:1863:

VicksburgVicksburg

The War The War in in

the West, the West, 1863:1863:

VicksburgVicksburg

The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863

The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863

Gettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualtiesGettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualties

YouTube - Gettysburg Movie the best part

The Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address

““We here highly resolve that these dead We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this shall not have died in vain—that this nation under God, shall have a new birth nation under God, shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government of the of freedom-and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall people, by the people, for the people shall not perish form the earth”not perish form the earth”

- Abraham Lincoln Union War cemetery at - Abraham Lincoln Union War cemetery at Gettysburg 1863Gettysburg 1863

The North The North Initiates Initiates

the Draft, the Draft, 18631863

The North The North Initiates Initiates

the Draft, the Draft, 18631863

Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC

Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC

Recruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYC

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

YouTube - Gangs of New York - Draft Riots

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

A “Pogrom” Against A “Pogrom” Against BlacksBlacks

A “Pogrom” Against A “Pogrom” Against BlacksBlacks

Inflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the South

The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865

The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865

ShermaSherman’sn’s

“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

ShermaSherman’sn’s

“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election

Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)

George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)

The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads

The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads

Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham

Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham

1864 Copperhead 1864 Copperhead Campaign PosterCampaign Poster1864 Copperhead 1864 Copperhead Campaign PosterCampaign Poster

Cartoon Lampoons Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads Democratic Copperheads

in 1864in 1864

Cartoon Lampoons Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads Democratic Copperheads

in 1864in 1864

PresidePresidential ntial

Election Election

Results:Results:

18641864

PresidePresidential ntial

Election Election

Results:Results:

18641864

The Final Virginia The Final Virginia Campaign:Campaign:1864-18651864-1865

The Final Virginia The Final Virginia Campaign:Campaign:1864-18651864-1865

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

The AssassinThe AssassinThe AssassinThe Assassin

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

The AssassinationThe AssassinationThe AssassinationThe Assassination

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!

Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!

The ExecutionThe ExecutionThe ExecutionThe Execution