The 13 th Colony
description
Transcript of The 13 th Colony
AIHE American History SymposiumAlcorn, MS Public Schools
Summer 2009
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
Great Britain claimed Georgia in 1663.
In 1717 Sir Robert Montgomery two other investors wanted to create the “Margravate of Azilia”
Not enough financial backing
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
Born in London 1696 Well Educated Wealthy 1722 became member of
Parliament Committee to study
prison reform Friend, Robert Castell
died in prison because he couldn’t pay his debts
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
The “Ann” sailed from England with 114 people on a voyage that took 88 days.
The “Ann” also carried sheep, hogs, ducks, geese, and several dogs.
Two deaths were reported on the voyage, both infants.
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
http://www.cummingmapsociety.org/18thC_Maps.htm
Peter Gordon, 1734
James Edward Oglethorpe laid out a 2.2 square mile tract in 1733 as the site of Savannah. Once this was done, he began laying out the city using a system of wards. From 1733 to 1856, a total of 24 wards were laid out.
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
Tything
(10 Lots)
Tything
(10 Lots)
Tything
(10 Lots)
Tything
(10 Lots)
Trust Lots (2) Trust Lots (2)
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
Francis Moore described the regional dimensions of the city in the following 18th Century account:
“Every freeholder has a Lott in Town 60 foot by 90 foot, besides which he has a Lott beyond the Common, of 5 Acres for a Garden…Each freeholder…has a Lott of farm of 45 acres… and two out of every twelve…are reserved by the Trustees in order to defray the Charge of the Publick…Where the town-Lands and gardens and farms end, the Villages begin…Beyond the Villages, commence Lotts of 500 Acres; These are granted upon Terms of keeping 10 servants…There is near Town, to the East, a Garden belonging to the Trustees, consisting of 10 Acres.”
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
Savannah Wards and StreetsDr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
Whitefield
Troup
Columbia
Warren
Crawford
Greene
Wash-ington
Reynolds
Oglethorpe
Lafayette
CalhounMonterey
Madison
Wright
Johnson
Chatham
Pulaski
Orleans
Telfair
Ellis
Elbert
Liberty
Franklin
ChippewaColonial Park
Cemetery
Montgomery
Street
Barnard
Street
Bull
Street
Abercorn
Street
Habersham
Street
Houston
Street
Liberty 1799
Elbert 1801
Heathcote 1733
Jackson 1815
Pulaski 1837
Chatham 1840
Percival 1733
Brown 1815
Jasper 1837
Monterey 1847
Anson 1742
Lafayette 1837
Calhoun 1851
Columbia 1799
Troup 1851
Wesley 1851
Greene 1791
1752
Montgomery Street
Franklin Ward, Franklin Square (Benjamin Franklin):
A lost square, Franklin was later reclaimed.
Liberty Ward, Liberty Square (freedom, Liberty Boys):
Liberty is a lost square.
Elbert Ward, Elbert Square (Samuel Elbert, patriot & governor of Georgia):
Elbert is a lost square.
Barnard Street
Decker Ward, Ellis Square (1733- Sir Matthew Decker, trustee, and Henry Ellis, GA’s 2nd royal governor): Once the site of City Market, Ellis Square has been a parking garage since 1954.
Heathcote Ward, Telfair Square (1733- George Heathcote, trustee, and the Telfair family): Telfair Square was originally St. James’s Square. It is one of two squares whose names were changed.
Jackson Ward, Orleans Square (1815- Andrew Jackson, Battle of New Orleans):
This square has a fountain and decorative stone benches.
Pulaski Ward, Pulaski Square (1837- Gen. Casimir Pulaski).
Chatham Ward, Chatham Square (1840s- William Pitt, Earl of Chatham).
Bull Street
Derby Ward, Johnson Square (1733- James Derby, trustee, and Robert Johnson, SC’s royal governor):
The Nathaniel Greene Monument is located in this square.
Percival Ward, Wright Square (1733- first president of the trustees, and James Wright, GA’s 3rd royal governor): Originally Egmont Square, Wright square holds the William Washington Gordon Monument and Tomochichi’s Rock.
Brown Ward, Chippewa Square (1815- Gen. Jacob Jennings Brown, Battle of Chippewa): The Oglethorpe Monument, created by Daniel Chester French and Henry Bacon, is located in Chippewa Square.
Jasper Ward, Madison Square (1837- Sgt. William Jasper, President James Madison): A monument honoring Sgt. William Jasper is located in Madison Square. Cannon marking the colonial road to Darien are also located here.
Monterey Ward, Monterey Square (1847- Mexican War battle): Monterey Square holds the Pulaski Monument. Pulaski, like Jasper, fell during the Siege of Savannah.
Abercorn Street
Reynolds Ward, Reynolds Square (1734- John Reynolds, 1st royal governor of GA): Reynolds Square is the site of the Wesley Monument which honors the founder of Methodism.
Anson Ward, Oglethorpe Square (1742- Admiral George Anson, General James Edward Oglethorpe).
An interruption to the city plan occurs on Abercorn Street.
Lafayette Ward, Lafayette Square (1837- Revolutionary War hero):
A sundial and fountain are found in Lafayette Square.
Calhoun Ward, Calhoun Square (1851- John C. Calhoun, senator and Secretary of War under President Madison).
Massie School
Habersham Street
An interruption to the city plan occurs on Habersham Street.
Warren Ward, Warren Square (1790- Gen. Joseph Warren, killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill).
Columbia Ward, Columbia Square (1799- figurative name for America). Columbia Square holds a fountain relocated from Wormsloe Plantation.
Troup Ward, Troup Square (1851- George Michael Troup, GA governor & US senator): Troup Square features an armillary sphere. This is one of only two squares named for living persons.
Wesley Ward, Whitefield Square (1851- John Wesley, Founder of Methodism and George Whitefield, founder of Bethesda): This square is the location of a gazebo.
Colonial ParkCemetery
Abercorn Street Habersham Street
Colonial Park Cemetery
occupies the space which
should have been the third squares on Abercorn and
Habersham Streets.
Houston Street
Washington Ward, Washington Square (1791- President George Washington).
Greene Ward, Greene Square (1791- Gen. Nathanael Greene).
Crawford Ward, Crawford Square (1841- William Harris Crawford, US senator, minister to France, Secretary of the Treasury, and presidential candidate). Sometimes called “the playground Square,” Crawford Square contains playground equipment and basketball courts.
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
Nathanael Greene Monument – Johnson Square (1825)Nathanael Greene Monument – Johnson Square (1825)
Greene was the only soldier other than Washington to hold the rank of general throughout the American Revolution. He was given Mulberry Grove Plantation as a reward for his services to the United States during the revolution. He died of a heat stroke in 1786. Greene was originally buried in Colonial Park.
The monument originally honored both Greene and General Casimir Pulaski. Johnson Square was once known as “Monument Square.”
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
William Washington Gordon Monument – Wright Square (1889)
William Washington Gordon, the grandfather of Girl Scouts of America founder Juliette Gordon Low, was instrumental in the creation of the Central of Georgia Railroad. The erection of this monument necessitated the removal of another important memorial: the burial mound of Tomochichi’s burial mound.
This boulder was later placed in the square in honor of Tomochichi.
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs
Oglethorpe Monument – Chippewa Square (1910)
Sculptor Daniel Chester French created this statue of Georgia founder James Edward Oglethorpe. Henry O. Bacon contributed the stone work; the two men later collaborated on the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC.
This monument required the removal of a fountain and busts of Confederate heroes Francis Bartow and Lafayette McLaws. The busts were relocated at the Confederate Monument in Forsyth Park.
The Oglethorpe Monument tells the story of the founding of Georgia.
Pulaski Monument – Monterey Square (1825)
The cornerstone for this monument was laid in 1825; however, it was not completed until 1852. Like Sgt. Jasper, Pulaski was killed in the Siege of Savannah during the American Revolution. This monument also tells a story.
Sgt. William Jasper Monument – Madison Square (1888)
This monument, like the Oglethorpe Monument, tells a story. Revolutionary War hero Sgt. William Jasper was killed during the Siege of Savannah while trying to rescue his company’s colors.
A pair of cannon are also found in Madison Square; they mark the beginning of the colonial road to Darien.
Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs