Thayer What is the Asia-Pacific?
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Transcript of Thayer What is the Asia-Pacific?
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What is the Asia-Pacific Region?
Emeritus Professor Carl ThayerEmeritus Professor Carl Thayer
Presentation toPresentation to
Centre forCentre for DefenceDefence and Strategic Studiesand Strategic StudiesMarch 5, 2012March 5, 2012
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the term Asia-Pacific
Role of regions inn erna ona po cs
Sub-regions and the AsiaPacific re ionalism
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Shared characteristics and
patterns of interaction
Factors contributing to
Factors contributing toregional fragmentation
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1. Dif ferent w ays in w hich Asia-Pacif ic may be understood
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nc en ree snc en ree s -- an mass o ean mass o eeast called Asiaeast called Asia Magellan (1520)Magellan (1520)-- Mar PacificoMar Pacifico
T. RooseveltT. Roosevelt -- The Pacific Era (1903)The Pacific Era (1903) PanPan--AsianismAsianism Asia for the AsiaticsAsia for the Asiatics
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Washington Conference 1921Washington Conference 1921--2222 Japans East Asia CoJapans East Asia Co--prosperityprosperity
S here 1938S here 1938 Greater East Asia CoGreater East Asia Co--prosperity Sphereprosperity Sphere
19001900
War in the Pacific (1941War in the Pacific (1941--45)45)
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vo v ng ac c ommun yvo v ng ac c ommun y
1966 Asian Development Bank1966 Asian Development Bank ac c ra e an eve opmentac c ra e an eve opment
Conference (PAFTAD)Conference (PAFTAD)economistseconomists
1969 Pacific Basin Economic Council1969 Pacific Basin Economic Council(PBEC)(PBEC)
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Evolvin Conce t of the Asia-Pacific
Commission for Asia and the Pacific
Council (PECC)Council (PECC) r part te: government, n ustry,r part te: government, n ustry,academicsacademics
1989 Asia Pacific EconomicCoo eration APEC
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Gareth Evans Eastern Hemis hereGareth Evans Eastern Hemis hereGareth Evans Eastern Hemis hereGareth Evans Eastern Hemis here
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AsiaAsia Pacific BasinPacific Basin
AsiaAsia PacificPacific
CommunityCommunitys as a-- ac cac c
PacificPacific AsiaAsiaEast AsiaEast Asia
--PacificPacific RimRim C/communityC/community
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2. The Region and2. The Region andInternational PoliticsInternational Politics
A level of analysis between the systemicA level of analysis between the systemic(global) level and nation(global) level and nation--state levelstate level
A way of ordering world politicsA way of ordering world politics patternspatterns
of enmity and amityof enmity and amity Boundaries determine membership; theyBoundaries determine membership; they
serve to include as well as exclude.serve to include as well as exclude.
Regional communities require a sense ofRegional communities require a sense ofregionalism or regional identityregionalism or regional identity
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What is a re ion? Two ViewsWhat is a re ion? Two Views
A region is a territory that is unified by a setA region is a territory that is unified by a setof common factors such a geographicalof common factors such a geographicalprox m y, c ma e, econom c n egra on,prox m y, c ma e, econom c n egra on,trade, culture, religion, shared history and/ortrade, culture, religion, shared history and/or
..
A region is a geoA region is a geo--political construct designedpolitical construct designed, , ,, , ,
academics and others to serve a specificacademics and others to serve a specificpolicy purpose.policy purpose.
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Chapter VIChapter VI regional agenciesregional agencies have a rolehave a role
authority of the UNauthority of the UN
ap er mem ers en o ne o se eap er mem ers en o ne o se elocal disputes peacefully throughlocal disputes peacefully through regionalregional
arrangemen sarrangemen s e ore a ng up ssue we ore a ng up ssue wSecurity Council.Security Council.
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The re ion and the United NationsThe re ion and the United NationsBased on tradition, UN members areBased on tradition, UN members are organisedorganised
into five regional groups mainly for theinto five regional groups mainly for thepurposes of nominating candidates for election.purposes of nominating candidates for election.ese groups are:ese groups are:
1.1. AfricaAfrica
..
3.3. Eastern EuropeEastern Europe
5.5. Western Europe and Others GroupWestern Europe and Others Group (includes(includesAustralia, Canada, New Zealand and the UnitedAustralia, Canada, New Zealand and the UnitedStates)States)
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U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM)U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM)
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US Hub and Spokes ModelUS Hub and Spokes Model
apanapan
SouthSouthKoreaKorea
Phili inesPhili ines
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Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
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3.Sub3.Sub--Regions and the Asia PacificRegions and the Asia Pacific
NorthEast Asia
NorthEast Asia
Sout
East Asia
Sout
East Asia
Sout
Pacific
Sout
Pacific
AsiaAsia
Asia
Asia
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Regional Organisations and theRegional Organisations and the
EASEAS
APECAPECNE Asia?NE Asia?
ARFARFSCOSCO
ASEAN +3ASEAN +3SAARCSAARC
ASEANASEANPIFPIF
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ASEAN Cent r icOrganisations
EAS ASEAN + 8
ARF
APT China, Japan
and SouthKorea
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East AsiaEast Asia ASEANASEANummumm
ChinaPlus
Three
Plus
Three Japan South Korea
India,India, Ori inalus ra a,NZ
us ra a,NZ members
US andRussiaUS andRussia
Newmembers
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Indo-Pacific Maritime Re ion
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5. Asia5. Asia--Pacific Region:Pacific Region:Integrative FactorsIntegrative Factors
GlobalizationGlobalization -- interdependenceinterdependence Power S i t to East AsiaPower S i t to East Asia
Sea lines of communicationSea lines of communication US economic & security presenceUS economic & security presence Multilateral institutionsMultilateral institutions
Ideational factors and normsIdeational factors and norms Pax PacificiaPax Pacificia
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6. Asia6. Asia--Pacific Region:Pacific Region:Factors of FragmentationFactors of Fragmentation
Pan Asia PacificPan Asia Pacific --vv-- subsub--regionalismregionalism Great Power rivalryGreat Power rivalry Divided states (Korea, China)Divided states (Korea, China)
Rogue states (North Korea, Myanmar?)Rogue states (North Korea, Myanmar?)
SocioSocio--economic disparities, arc ofeconomic disparities, arc ofinstability and potential failed statesinstability and potential failed states
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What is the AsiaWhat is the Asia--Pacific Re ion?Pacific Re ion?
Emeritus Professor Carl ThayerEmeritus Professor Carl Thayer
Presentation toPresentation to
Centre for DefenceCentre for Defence and Strategic Studiesand Strategic StudiesMarch 5, 2012March 5, 2012