Thailand: Framework species method for tropical forest … · 2014. 1. 29. · Foundation, 2009 668...
Transcript of Thailand: Framework species method for tropical forest … · 2014. 1. 29. · Foundation, 2009 668...
Thailand:
Framework species method for tropical forest restoration
Prasit Wangkapattanawong, Ph.D.
Forest Restoration Research Unit (FORRU.org), Chiang Mai Univ.
Topics
Ecosystem type
Problems and treats
Project description
Project activities
Results
Lessons learned
Ecosystem type
Northern Thailand
Hill evergreen forest, e.g.
Fagaceae
Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Quercus
Lauraceae (Cinnamomum, Litsea)
Moraceae (Ficus)
Elevation about 1,000 m
Annual rainfall about 1,100 mm
Problems and treats
Illegal logging
Expansion of agricultural areas
(e.g. cash crops and rubber)
Doi Mae Salong, Chiang Rai, Thailand
Doi Mae Salong (Crops and Tea), Chiang Rai, Thailand
Project description
Restoration using “Framework species method”
Adapted from Queensland, Australia
Framework species
Native
Grow fast
Suppress weeds
Resilient to fire
Provide nectar and fruit for wildlife at early age
0 YEARS 2 YEARS 7 YEARS
Project activities (1)
Collect native seeds from remainng
forests
Germinate seeds in nursery for 1
year
Prepare site by weeding (or
applying herbicide) and fertilizing
Project activities (2)
Plant 20-30 framework species
(Fagaceae, Ficus, Leguminosae,
and other native species) at 3,125
seedlings / ha (normally in June)
Weeding/fertilizing 3 times during
rainy season (July-October)
Monitor for survival and size at end
of growing season for 2 seasons
Project results
Biodiversity recovery Plants
Birds
Mammals
6 years after planting
72 new plant species (not planted) within 8-9 years
Aquilaria crassna
Biodiversity recovery (plants)
30 bird species (before restoration) 87 bird species (6 years after
restoration)
Biodiversity recovery (birds)
Biodiversity recovery (mammal returned after 3 years)
Large Indian Civet uses plots as latrine from 5 years after planting. Disperses seeds over at least 10 km from forest into plots..
Hog Badger breeds in the plots 3 years old or older.
Results
Impact on biodiversity: yes
Socio-economic benefits, including livelihoods: no
How replicable is it: yes
Its adoption status: other regions of Thailand, Cambodia, China, and the Philippines (Restoration manuals translated to Chinese, Cambodia, Indonesia, Khmer, and Vietnam)
Has the practice resulted in change in policy and regulatory frameworks, or such potential exists: no. There is a potential, but the restoration cost is still relatively high (next slide)
Cost of Forest Restoration
ระดบั 1---------------------------------------------------------------ระดบั 4 ระดบั 5
?
Degradation Stage
Method Country Published
Cost (USD/ha)
Date Reference Present-day
costs USD/ha
Stage 1 Protection Thailand Estimated 314 - 367
Stage 2 Assist Natural Regeneration (ANR)
Philippines 607 2006-09 Bagong Pagasa
Foundation, 2009 668 - 774
ANR (Castilo, 1986) Philippines 524-1,048 1983-85 Castilo, 1986 1,862 – 6,080
Stage 3 Framework species method
Thailand 1,700 2006 FORRU, 2006 2,170
Stage 4 Maximum diversity with mine site amelioration
Brazil 2,620 1985 Parrotta et al.,
1997 9,317
Miyawaki method Thailand 9,432 2009 Mitsubishi, pers.
com. 10,398
Stage 5 Site amelioration and nurse plantation
- - -
Cost of Forest Restoration
*Estimated by applying a constant 5% annual inflation rate.
4,512 Current day prices
Lessons learned
Potential for scaling up: high
Reference
FORRU.org