THAI Técnicas de Investigación Cualitativa y Mixta
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Transcript of THAI Técnicas de Investigación Cualitativa y Mixta
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THAITécnicas de Investigación
Cualitativa y Mixta
S5. Análisis de redes sociales y métodos mixtos
Alejandra Martínez Monés 28 de septiembre 2010
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Index
Social Network Analysis An example of a mixed method Tools
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Social network analysis (SNA)
Considers relations and mutual effects of actors within groups and organisations
– Based on empirical data– Different levels of analysis (individual, sub-group,
community) Formal methods, mainly based on graph theory and
graph algorithms Fundamentals were presented as „Sociometry“
(Moreno, 1951)– Sociogram– Sociomatrix
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Social network analysisSocial network
Set of actors (a person, a department, a company) and relationships among them
Examples: – “is a friend of”– “is a neighbor of”– “distributes goods to”– “is a member of”
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Social Network AnalysisGraphical representation - Sociograms
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Social network analysis Types of networks
Mode– One-mode networks: one set of actors– Two-mode networks: two sets of actors.
Affiliation networks: relationships between actors and activities
Complete vs. egocentric networks
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Social Network Analysis Application areas to computer science
Human oriented disciplines– Computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL)– Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW)
Network Analysis– Identification of bottlenecks in computer networks– Fault-tolerance and –handling in distributed systems
Knowledge Structures– Growing interest in analysis of dynamic knowledge
structures, such as Wikipedia
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Social network analysis Some indicators
Centrality of actors– Degree based– Proximity / Closeness based– Betweenness based
Centralization of a network Prestige of actors
– Indegree and proximity Groupings: Cliques, Clusters, Positions
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Social network analysis Indicators - Examples
Individual: – Degree centrality: Activity of a node
C D (ni) = d(ni) = xi+
– Normalized degree centralityC’D (ni) = d(ni) / (g-1)
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Social network analysis Indicators - Examples
Global: – Density: Global activity of the network
= 2 L / g (g -1) L, number of links; g, number of nodes
– Degree Centralization: Dependency of a single actor
CD = 1<=i<=g [CD (n*) – CD( ni)] / (g-1) (g-2),
CD (n*) = maxiCD( ni)
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Social Network AnalysisSociograms
Who is central in this network?
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Social network analysis Visualisation techniques
Teacher
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Intra-group
Inter-group
= 24,45%CD = 63,6%
CD (x00) = 81,9 %
CD (x21) = 9,1 %CD (x32) = 9,1 %
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Social network analysis Data Collection and Transformations
Computer-mediated communication– Discussion Forums– Mailinglists– Web 2.0 applications, such as xing, facebook etc.
Archival records / artifacts– Bibliographies– Wikis– Versioning systems (e.g. CVS)
Automatically processable Potential for transformation between differenet
network types
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Social network analysis Limitations of the method
Frequently not all of the interaction takes place inside a computer environment– People going for a coffee and discussing their
homework Interpretation is hard without „insider
knowledge“, i.e. replication is difficult Combination with other methods is useful
„triangulation“
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Index
Social Network Analysis An example of a mixed method Tools
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Research context
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CSCL – Computer Supported Collaborative Learning– Emphasises interactions among learners
F2F / Distance / Blended– Technology and models to support the whole lifecycle– Validation in authentic scenarios
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Research ContextEvaluation of CSCL situations
Overall research question: How to help teachers in monitoring participatory aspects of learning by means of technology?
“Validation” research question: How is the evolution of participation structures in a classroom supported by technology?
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Integrate context Study of real situations Participants’ point of view
New forms of interaction
Visualisation processes Participatory aspects
Scalable and efficient processes
Research contextWhat we needed … Mixed evaluation
method
– Ethnographic data sources – Qualitative analysis – Automatically recorded data
– Quantitative analysis– Tools
– Social network analysis
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Interviews QuestionnairesObservations Automaticdata
Phases
End ofproject
Throughoutthe
experience
Prepara-tion
Analysis methods
SNA
Eventlogs
Socio-metries
Socio-metries
Face to face interact.
Qualitative
Scheme of categories
Quantitative
Data sources
• After milestones• Critics about the
project
Final
Previousconcepts
(individual)Initial
After milestones
Daily work
Final
Conclusions
Mixed evaluation method
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Index
Social network analysis An example of a mixed method Tools
– SAMSA– Quest, Iloca, Nudist
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SAMSAUsage overview
ActionsFilter
Socio-metries
Filter
f2f interacions
Filter
SAMSADatos
Configuration parameters
SNA Indexes
Sociograms
Generic representation of actions
Output files
(Ucinet,
NetDraw)
Logs fromCSCL tools
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SAMSAConfiguration Dates, actors, objects … Types of relationships
Indirect: mediated by objects(shared workspaces)
Direct: chats, forums, etc.
Person-object: use of resources
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SAMSA Configuration
• Example of SAMSA configuration screen
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ID Title Thread_ID
Parent_ID date Student
NameSchoo
l
21 Solutions of it is Energy Conservation? 3 0 2007-04-30 A41 A
22 I think it is too late for us to solve the global warming 3 21 2007-05-19 A5 A
<SESSION id=”Thread_3” date=30.04.2007><ACTION> <ACT.TIMESTAMP>19.05.2007 00:00:00</ACT.TIMESTAMP>
<ACT.SOURCE ref="A5" /> <ACT.DESC> <ACT.DIR type="Debate"> <ACT.DIR.DEST ref="A41" /> </ACT.DIR> </ACT.DESC></ACTION></SESSION>
Samsa in useWorkshop on interaction analysis approaches (CSCL 2009)
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Analysis. Thread’s leader
• Thread 6: thread beginner is the thread leader
CDi(A25) = 46,7
CCi(A25) = 62,5
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Analysis. Thread’s leader
• Thread 3CDi(A41) = 25,0
CCi(A41) = 52,0
Thread beginner
CDi(A5) = 58,3
CCi(A5) = 70,6
Thread leader
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Analysis. Thread’s leader
• Thread 28 – School B
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Detecting roles
DynamizerCDo(B20) = 16
CDo-sessions (B20) = 30,8%
CDi (B20) = 4 (17th value)
Isolated
Non-participative
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Other analysis experiences
Analysis of collaboration in a clasroom using f2f observations
Analysis of collaboration in a course mediated by BSCW – Both in blended and distance settings
Analysis of collaboration in a problem-solving CSCL tool
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Other SNA Software
UCINet – Whole Network Analysis – NetDraw – Visualization – http://www.analytictech.com/downloaduc6.htm
Pajek – Network Visualization (Large Networks) – http://pajek.imfm.si/doku.php
SAMSA – SNA applied to CSCL scenarios– [email protected]
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Index
Social network analysis An example of a mixed method Tools
– SAMSA– Quest, Iloca, Nudist
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Observations
SAMSA
Teacher /evaluator
DL File (UCINET format)
CSCL tool
QUEST
obs2xml
Participants
Answer to questionnaires
Interactions through the computer
el2xml
Event log
Interactionmaps
NUD*IST
Newcategories
Pedagogical tool
Evaluation tool or module
File
STATISTICPACKAGE
Categories
Statisticindexes
Tools - Quest
SNA indexes& sociograms
Actions
(XML)
Designs questionnaires RTF files
Tables
XML file
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Observations
SAMSA
Teacher /evaluator
Configurationparameters
DL File (UCINET format)
CSCL tool
QUEST
obs2xml
Participants
Respuestascuestionarios
Interactions through the computer
el2xml
Event log
Interactionmaps
NUD*IST
Newcategories
Pedagogical tool
Evaluation tool or module
File
STATISTICPACKAGE
Categories
Statisticindexes
Tools – Iloca and Nud*IST
SNA indexes& sociograms
Actions
(XML)
iloca
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Tools Qualitative analysis
Many tools NVivo (antes Nud*IST) allows to analyse
qualitative data:– Textual– Video, audio
Supports the researcher in “making sense” of the data.
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Nud*IST Example – Coding data