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Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine
resources
Simone Libralato ([email protected])Istituto Nazionale di Oceanograf ia e di Geof isica Sperimentale
Second KOR-ITA Bilateral Symposium on “Sustainable f isheries”Villa Mondragone – “Tor Vergata” University of Rome
14th December 2018, Rome, Italy
Trieste
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State of f ished stocks in the Med
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
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Impacts of f isheries on stocks
Colloca, Scarcella, Libralato (2017) Recent trends and impacts of f isheries exploitation on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci. In press
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
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State of f ished stocks in the Med
STECF (EU Scientif ic, Technical and Economic Commission for the f isheries)FAO-GFCM (General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean Sea)• 64 assessed populations in the Mediterranean Sea• 61 populations or stocks overexploited (>95%)(Graham, EU-STECF; February 2016; )
GFCM-FAO (2016) The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries.
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
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State of f ished stocks in the Med
GFCM-FAO (2016) The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries.
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
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Impacts of f isheries on ecosystemsp y
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
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Colloca, Scarcella, Libralato (2017) Recent trends and impacts of f isheries exploitation on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci. In press
Impacts of f isheries on ecosystems?
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
Cumulative human impacts on Mediterranean ecosystem
The Mediterranean: an oligotrophic sea
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
Circulation drives patterns and connectivity
2001
-201
020
41-2
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0cean acidif ication
Need for integrated approaches
Mediterranean f isheries resources are giving worrying signals of overexploitation
The Mediterranean Sea is characterized by multi-target and multi-gear f isheries, widespread small scale f isheries, no quotas (TAC). These features are combined with its high biodiversity and heterogeneity (geographical, ecological and political) Required ALSO approaches that go beyond the single species, beyond boundaries.Need to provide management advice on the direct and indirect impact of f isheries on the marine ecosystem within an ecosystem shared approach: complement single species with multispecies advice (the management of one component of the ecosystem will depend on that of other components).
g p y pS. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
Ecosystem modelling for integrating processes
Libralato, Fortibuoni, Solidoro - Food web of plastics: moving towards inclusion of plastics in ecosystem modelling
Ecosystem m
EwE modelling framework
S. Libralato – Impacts of f isheries on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystemsS. Libralato – Impacts of f iiiiiiisssssssherrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrriieeeeeeeeeeessssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss oooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn MMMMMMMeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeedddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddditerranean stooccccccccccccccckkkkkkkkkkksssssss aaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnddddddddddddddd eeeeeeeeeeccccccccccccccccoooooooooooooooossssssssssssssssyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyssstems
Ecopath with Ecosim database - 440 models, 173 for download
Invasive species: a key challengeInvasive species: a key challenge
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
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Invasive species in the Med
Colloca, Scarcella, Libralato (2017) Recent trends and impacts of f isheries exploitation on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
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Invasive species in the Adriatic!!!
Malej et al (2017) Mnemiopsis leidyi in the northern Adriatic: here to stay? Journal of Sea research
Mnemiopsis leidyi has successfully made the transition from its native
spatial range along the Atlantic coast of North and South America to many
areas of the Eurasian seas.Famous example: introduced via
ballast waters in the Black Sea, with great bloom in 1989 (Turkish landings from 700 ktons to 150 ktons in 1989!!!)
In summer 2016 ans 2017 observed at several sites within the northern
Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea).
Potential predator of f ish eggs and larvae; problems for f isheries
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
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Invasion implies succesfull establishment
Combine thermic niche & trophic niche Tr
ophi
cop
portu
nity
(nic
he)
Thermal niche
For resident and potential
invasivespecies
Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.
Trop
hic
leve
ls
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
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Modelling trophic and temperature niches
Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.
Invasive resident
Autochthonous groups Invasive groupsBFT Bluefin TunaNFD Nekton Feeders NFI Nekton Feeders InvasiveCPH CephalopodsFFS FlatFishBFD Benthic Feeders BFI Benthic Feeders InvasivePLT Planktivores PLI Planktivores InvasiveJEL Jellyfish JEI Jellyfish InvasiveMOP Macrobenthic Predators MOI Macrobenthic Predators InvasiveMMF Macrob. Mixed-Feeders MMI Macrobenthic Mixed-Feeders InvasiveMFF Macrob. Filter-Feeders MFI Macrobenthic Filter-Feeders InvasivePEC PectinidaeVEN VeneridaeMZP Macrozooplankton MPI Macrozooplankton InvasiveMDT Macrobenthic Detritivores MDI Macrobenthic Detritivores InvasiveBPL BacterioplanktonMHR Macrobenthic Herbivores MHI Macrobenthic Herbivores InvasiveMEI MeiobenthosMIZ MicrozooplanktonPHP Phytoplankton
Non-living groups FisheryCAR Carcass Tuna FishingDET Detritus Otter Trawl
RapidoTrawlMidwater Pair Trawl
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
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Temperature niche
Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.
WhereT = Sea Surface Temperature (SST)Tmax = Maximum tolerated temperatureTopt = Optimum temperaturec = Temperature inf luence intensity
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
Residents Invasive
Rel
ativ
ech
ange
ofbi
omas
ses
Temperature increase of 1°C in 10 years, results taken at 30 years. Results show that success of invasion depends not only on thermal preference but also on complex prey-predatory opportunities (trophic niche)
Invasion: changes in ecosystem biomasses
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Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
Rel
ativ
ech
ange
ofca
tche
s
Temperature increase of 1°C in 10 years, results taken at 30 years. Results show that success of invasion depends not only on thermal preference but also on complex prey-predatory opportunities (trophic niche)
Effects on f isheries
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Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.
S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources
Effects temperature, production & f isheries Effects temperature, production & f isheries
26S. Libralato – Impacts of f isheries on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems
Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.
Fishing BAU
Fishing only residents
-20% Fishingeffort
NoFishing
Integrating processes and impacts
Climate and f isheries
Adriatic Sea
81 scenarios
Integrating processes and impacts: f ishing and climate scenarios
Climate and f isheries effects: synergies and antagonisms
Adriatic Sea
S. Libralato – Integrated approaches for the sustainability of f isheries in the Mediterranean sea
Some messages
Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine
resources
Simone Libralato ([email protected])Istituto Nazionale di Oceanograf ia e di Geof isica Sperimentale
Second KOR-ITA Bilateral Symposium on “Sustainable f isheries”Villa Mondragone – “Tor Vergata” University of Rome
14th December 2018, Rome, Italy
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State of f ished stocks in the Med
S. Libralato – Impacts of f isheries on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems
Fortibuoni et al. (2017) Analysis of Long-Term Changes in a Mediterranean Marine Ecosystem Based on Fishery Landings. Front. Mar. Sci. 4:33.
Multi-target, multi-gear f isheries
Common Fishery Policy regulation also created for reducing the bycatch and the discards of European f isheries
Need for tools for evaluating ecological, economic consequences and possible strategies
S. Libralato – Integrated approaches for the sustainability of f isheries in the Mediterranean sea
Multi-target, multi-gear f isheries
S. Libralato – Integrated approaches for the sustainability of f isheries in the Mediterranean sea
Management strategy evaluationec
onom
yA) introduction of quotas for small pelagic f ish;B) halving the f ishing effort of otter trawl f isheries; C) improving selectivity of trawling f isheries ; D) application of both quotas for small pelagic f ish and
improving selectivity for trawling f isheries.
environmentS. Libralato – Integrated approaches for the sustainability of f isheries in the Mediterranean sea
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Global state of Fisheries
A clear stagnant/declining situation for f isheries sector is hampering optimism on Sustainable Blue Growth for this sector: a clear overexploited patter is claimed.
But is there any Scope for Growth?
Is it aquaculture independent from f isheries?Pauly, Kleisner Froese et al (2002; 2013;
2014)
FAO 2014. The state of the World f isheries and Aquaculture. FAO, Rome, 243 pp
Targets of f isheries in a multitarget/multispecies context
Ecosystem approach to multitarget f isheries
Ecosystem approach to multitarget f isheriesTyrrheninan Sea
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Ecosystem responses to f isheries targets by species
Optimizing catches for assessed species under EA
45S. Libralato – Impacts of f isheries on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems
Colloca, Scarcella, Libralato (2017) Recent trends and impacts of f isheries exploitation on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci.
Fisheries landings trends in the Med