TGS AME- West Africa

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EMERGING FRONTIERS

West Africa


Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp.

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The West African transform margin (WATM) stretches from Sierra Leone in the west to Benin in the east. What was once frontier territory for oil and gas exploration has had some of the most exciting discoveries in recent years. The discovery of the Jubilee field offshore Ghana in 2007 and the Venus (2009) and Mercury (2010) wells in Sierra Leone suggested the presence of an active hydrocarbon system that could extend approximately 2,100 km. Since then subsequent wells have been in drilled in Liberia, Ghana is producing oil and in 2012 Sierra Leone held a successful bid round for its remaining offshore blocks.

The transform margin was formed by strike-slip movement between two tectonic plates. Paleotectonic plate movements indicate that the geology of the region could be analogous to the highly prolific regions of South America from the early to mid Cretaceous during the early phase of the opening of the Atlantic. The possibility that West Africa could hold the same reserves as South America is worthy of further investigation.

The area is structurally complex with multiple areas of hydrocarbon potential. Early exploration on the shelf included targeted structural plays. Recently hydrocarbon exploration has focused on the Upper Cretaceous channel systems found in the deeper waters.

TGS has over a decade of experience in the West Africa transform margin - including 2D regional programs that have seismic, gravity and magnetic data. Utilizing these different data allows the explorationist to rapidly assess the geology, structures and thermal maturation of the margin. This regional understanding enables geologists to quickly focus on areas of prime potential and maximum interest. Working with block holders, TGS has acquired 3D seismic data to complement the 2D regional data.

Sierra Leone and LiberiaThe initial exploration of the offshore potential of Sierra Leone and Liberia occurred in the 1970s and 1980s when a total of nine wells were drilled. All of them were abandoned although oil shows were encountered in six wells. Deep water economics was one of the reasons for the cessation of exploration. In 2009 the Venus well was drilled offshore Sierra Leone and encountered nearly 14 meters net of hydrocarbon pay in upper Cretaceous deep water fan sands. This discovery was the first test of the deep water Sierra Leone - Liberia Basin and its success generated substantial industry interest in Sierra Leone and the WATM. Appraisal drilling offshore Sierra Leone and Liberia continues.

Well Data2D Seismic SurveysAeromag Surveys Available 3D Seismic Surveys


Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp.

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In 2011 the USGS assessed the potential for undiscovered recoverable oil and natural gas resources offshore Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The report noted that the region is underexplored. The mean volumes were estimated by the USGS at 3,200 MMBO and 23,629 BCFG.

TGS Geophysical Programs

The first TGS Geophysical program in Sierra Leone and Liberia included 9,382 km of data acquired in 2000 and 2001. These data were pre-stack depth migrated in 2009, following successful drilling in the transform margin and the subsequent increase in interest from the industry. In 2010, the Liberia program was extended out to water depths of 4,000 m and included seismic, gravity and magnetic data. These data provide the hydrocarbon explorer with an opportunity to review the deep water potential of Liberia as well as fully understand the structural framework of the basins as a whole.

Multiple 3D seismic data programs have been acquired and processed by TGS in Sierra Leone and Liberia. The majority of them utilize TGS’ True Azimuth Multiple Elimination (TAMETM) program (3D SRME) allowing for clearer interpretation of the complex shallow channels and depth migrations which accurately model the deeper structures. All data is available using the multi-client model.

The 2D data has been interpreted utilizing available well information and the subsequent report is also available on the multi-client model. The report includes information on the geological and regional setting and a description of the petroleum systems, which includes maturity and migration and also discusses various play types in the area.

Channel systems and fans

Gravity: Free Air Anomaly


Harper Basin bid roundThe future bid round will include blocks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 29 and 30. These blocks are part of the Harper Basin which is formed by the faulted southern margin of the Liberian High and the intersection of the St. Paul fracture zone. There is 5,272 km of 2D Geophysical data available over these blocks.

These data have been extensively interpreted and multiple prospects identified. Whilst the 2D data is beneficial in understanding the geology of the region to fully understand the complex prospects the benefits of 3D data cannot be under estimated. As such TGS has completed acquisition of Sunfish, 6,176 km² of 3D seismic data that will provide excellent coverage of the source prone, syn- and early post-rift sequences plus the associated and younger slope and basin floor fan reservoirs. The project will be available ahead of the bid round opening. The Harper Basin has the potential to be a world class hydrocarbon province and Sunfish will be an essential tool to understanding this basin.

Sierra Leone infill 2DSierra Leone Infill 2D SL13 is a new 2D multi-client project that complements the existing data set by completing coverage of all offshore

blocks in Sierra Leone and tying three major offshore discoveries (Mercury, Venus, and Jupiter). The 9,832 km of data has been processed through pre-stack time migration and pre-stack depth migration and is now available for review. The data library has been further expanded by the addition of approximately 24,000² km of aeromagnetic data (SLAM13). The high quality data sets are available to license in preparation for the future bid round.

Sierra Leone 3DTGS has recently acquired a 3D multi-client survey offshore Sierra Leone. The survey Sierra Leone Block 4A Extension, will add 1,000 km² of new data to the existing 6,284 km² of 3D data library. This survey extends the current data coverage in an important and prospective area.

Ghana PSTM


Benin PSTM 2D

Ghana, Togo and BeninIn the 1970’s, in Ghana Togo and Benin, as in Sierra Leone and Liberia, exploration was mainly focused on Tertiary plays in the shallow water. That changed in 2007 with the drilling of the Mahogany well that targeted deep water Upper Cretaceous fan plays and marked the discovery of the Jubilee field. Appraisal of Greater Tweneboa, Southeastern Jubilee and West Cape Three Points continues and there have been discoveries in these prospects.

TGS acquired data in this area in multiple phases. The first program was acquired in 2004. The 5,040 km regional 2D seismic, gravity and magnetic program tied the wells that were available. In 2008, TGS acquired an additional 17,441 km of seismic, gravity and magnetic data. In Benin, the data were extended to deeper waters of approximately 4,500 m and interpreted. These data have successfully imaged the continental-oceanic crust boundaries and the Moho. In 2011, TGS started the acquisition and processing of 4,100 km2 of 3D data in Benin (blocks 5 and 6). The data library has been further expanded by the addition of 2,022 km² of 3D data over blocks 7 and 8.

2D regional line showing basement



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Sudan

Algeria

Libya

Saudi Arabia

Russia

Kazakhstan

Congo (Democratic Republic of the)

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Ethiopia

Turkey

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Guinea

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Pakistan

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Croatia

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Sierra Leone2D Seismic 16,271 km3D Seismic 7,306 km2

Gravity and Magnetic Data 3,370 km (2D)Gravity and Magnetic Data 13,857 km2 (3D)

Aeromag Data 15,585 kmInterpretation Report

Well Count (2)

Liberia2D Seismic 24,773 km3D Seismic 24,511 km2


Interpretation ReportWell Count (7)

CameroonWell Count (8)

GabonWell Count (42)

CongoWell Count (19)

Namibia2D Seismic 34,144 km

Gravity and Magnetic Data 14,846 km

Cote D' Ivoire3D Seismic 2,387 km2

Benin2D Seismic 5,848 km3D Seismic 6,103 km2


Well Count (9)

Togo2D Seismic 2,097 km

Gravity and Magnetic Data 1,386 kmWell Count (6)

Madagascar2D Seismic 41,299 km

Gravity and Magnetic Data 40,605 kmWell Count (120)

Red Sea2D Seismic 1,252 km

Gravity and Magnetic Data 1,252 kmInterpretation Report

Israel2D Seismic 8,160 km

Gravity and Magnetic Data 6,831 kmInterpretation Report

Thermal History ReportWell Count (58)

Oman2D Seismic 408 km

Interpretation Report

Libya Aeromag251,358 Total km

Somaliland2D Seismic 5,398 km

Gravity and Magnetic Data 5,057 kmAeromag Data 34,693 Total km

Interpretation ReportWell Count (9)

Ghana2D Seismic 17,781 km


Cyprus2D Seismic 683 km

Gravity and Magnetic Data 683 km

Greece2D Seismic 1,513 km


AFRICA - MEDITERRANEANMULTI-CLIENT GEOPHYSICAL PROGRAMS

EritreaWell Count (14)

Northwest Africa Atlantic Margin2D In partnership with Dolphin

2D Seismic 28,427 km3D Seismic 2,566 km2


Interpretation Report

Equatorial GuineaWell Count (2)

Malta2D Seismic 9,686 km


Italy2D Seismic 931 km

Gravity and Magnetic Data 931 kmWell Logs (2,162)

Angola3D Seismic 16,243 km2

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TGS AME- West Africa

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