T/F Only humans can use insight to solve problems.

T/F Crying is an early form of language.

T/F “Street smarts” are a sign of intelligence.

T/F Creative people are highly intelligent.

T/F Highly intelligent people are creative.

Intelligence: (Person's capacity to)• Acquire knowledge (i.e. learn and understand)• Apply knowledge (solve problems)• Engage in abstract reasoning. 

Intelligence Quotient: (IQ)• The score you get on an intelligence test. • Originally, it was a quotient (a ratio)-

IQ= MA/CA x 100 [MA is mental age, CA is chronological age].

• Today, scores are calibrated against norms of actual population scores.

The ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, thinkabstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the

environment.

Psychometrics: Measurement of mental abilities, traits, and processes

IQ TEST: MA (Mental Age) is what your score would be for a general age on average, scoring the average score for a 12 year old when you are 7 would give you a MA of 12.

Stanford-Binet WAIS (Weshler Adult Intelligence Scale) WISC (Weshler Intelligence Scale for Children) Problems with Bias of IQ test

Formal reasoning problems: • All information needed to solve is right there.

Deductive reasoning: • Conclusion follows necessarily from certain premises.• If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

Inductive reasoning: • The premises provide support for a conclusion.• It is still possible for the conclusion to be false.

Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory Thurstone’s Multiple Factor Theory Cattell's Two-Factor Theory Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

g (general intelligence): Involved in any task requiring cognitive activity.

s (specific intelligence): Specific knowledge and abilities that are only used when performing specific tasks.

Primary mental abilities are independent of each other.

His seven primary mental abilities are:

spatial visualizations word fluencyverbal meaning memorynumber facility perceptual SpeedReasoning

Crystallized intelligence: Includes abilities such as reasoning and verbal and numerical skills.

Fluid intelligence: Skills such as spatial and visual imagery, the ability to notice visual details, and rote memory.

Experiential

Componential Contextual

Componential: The ability to acquire new knowledge and solve problems effectively.

Experiential: The ability to adapt creatively in new situations.

Contextual: The ability to select contexts in which you can excel.

logical-m

athem

atical

lingu

isti c

body-kinesthetic

spatial

musi

cal

inte

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Verbal reasoning Abstract/visual reasoning Quantitative reasoning Short-term memory

Under 70 [mentally retarded] -- 2.2% 70-80 [borderline retarded] -- 6.7% 80-90 [low average] -- 16.1% 90-110 [average] -- 50% 110-120 [high average] -- 16.1% 120-130 [superior] -- 6.7% Over 130 [very superior] -- 2.2%

 father-child  .51

 mother-child  .55

 siblings  .50

biological families

adoptive families

mother-child .41 .09

father-child .40 .16

child-child .35 -.03

identical twins fraternal twins

fingerprints .97 .46

height .93 .65

IQ (Binet) .88 .63

IQ (Otis) .92 .62

word meaning .86 .56

nature study .77 .55

history and literature

.82 .67

spelling .87 .73

Intelligence has a very powerful genetic component.

IQ group.......less than 75 75 to 90 90 to 110 110 to 125 125 and higher

% of total population5%

20% 50% 20% 5%

% of group out of labor force more than one month out of the year

22% 19% 15% 14% 10%

% of group unemployed more than one month out of the year (men)

12% 10% 7% 7% 2%

% of group divorced within five years

21% 22% 23% 15% 9%

% of group that had illegitimate children (women)

32% 17% 8% 4% 2%

% of group that lives in poverty

30% 16% 6% 3% 2%

% of group ever incarcerated (men)

7% 7% 3% 1% 0%

% of group that are chronic welfare recipients (mothers)

31% 17% 8% 2% 0%

% of group that drop out of high school 55% 35% 6% 0.4% 0%