Textiles and Clothing Std 10 2014-15 H SC Facilitator :Jasmina S.
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Transcript of Textiles and Clothing Std 10 2014-15 H SC Facilitator :Jasmina S.
LAUNDERING OF CLOTHES
Laundering involves washing, drying,finishing and storing
Two Processes:Washing –to remove stain and dirtFinishing-restoring its lustre and crispnessIf they are not laundered properly they
loose their durability and colour
Principle of laundering
• Process of removing dirt from fabrics• Process of finishing to restore the
original colour ,quality and maintain the durability of the fabrics
Methods• Sorting• Preparation• Steeping• Washing• Rinsing• Starching and Blueing• Drying• Finishing• Storage of clothes• Dry Cleaning
Sorting
• Fibre Type :cotton ,silk, wood, synthetic material• Use: Personal separated from
household linen• Color: Dark separated from white• Degree of dirt: Heavy soiled garment
from light soiled garments
Preparation
• Mend and repair all tear• Replace buttons• Remove stains• Turn the garment inside out• Sort the clothes acc to their fibre,
color,texture
Scrubbing brushes and boards
• Made of wood with wooden frame work• Usually 12 inches width and 18 inches in length• Strip stops half way the length• Board is placed in the tub such that bottom
touches the water in the tub ,other end rest at the waist.
• Article is placed on this and soaped, rubbed up and down
• Soft bristled brush is used to scrub it clean.
Suction Washer
• Consist of 2 parts• Top part is wooden hand• Bottom part is the washer-hollow inside and
has holes all over its broad base, requires special care.
• Articles are placed in the basin full of soap solution ,the washer is worked up and down on the clothes
Drying racks ,cloth lines ,pegs or cloth pins
• Out door drying is possible all the year round.• Drying racks , and clothes to be placed as per
convenience.• Clothes pins are used to hold the clothes on
the line to prevent it from dust and dirt
Iron , Ironing board or tables
• Finishing the laundry clothes• Many varieties are available-Electric Iron ,
Charcoal Iron-wt and designs• Iron boards –removes fatigue and improves
efficiency • Board ht should be adjustable –members of
the family.
Steeping
• Soak in soap solution• Use of warm water-loosens dirt, removes
stain, starch of previous laundering is softened• Use clean plastic bucket• Light clothes to be soaked for 10 mins• Dirty for 30 mins
Washing
• Essential factors in the process of cleaning is the solvent to remove grease and application of pressure
• Four ways of applying pressure1 Application of friction:• Hand rubbing- Friction is applied when there is
less stain on small articles and lightly soiled• Scrubbing by brush• Rubbing and scrubbing
Application of pressure
2 Application of light pressure:Applied on light fabrics soaked in soap water
through squeezing. Continue till lather left disappears (indicates presence of dirt)
Heavy soiled can be brushed with soft brush
Application of pressure
3 Application of suction• Small and large fabrics can be washed • Method: Cloth is seeped in soap soln and
suction washer is worked up and down to remove dirt
• Saves time and labour
Application of Pressure
4) Use of Washing Machine
• Cloth is agitated in a soap solution by
revolving . Rinsing is done
• Labour saving device• High cost
Rinsing
• Cloth is rinsed after washing –plenty of hot ,clear soft water • Cold water hardens the soap and
makes it difficult to remove dirt• Retains whiteness of the fabric• Rinse clothes 2-3 times in clean
water
Starching and blueing/bluing
• Clothes are starched for the purpose of keeping them clean longer , also to give them a fresher and newer appearance
• 1 quart boiling water. 1 ½ tablespoonfuls of starch.• ½. teaspoonful of borax.• ½ teaspoonful of white wax or fat.• Mix the starch with a little cold water. Then add the borax
and fat. Pour boiling water over this mixture and boil gently for about ten minutes or until it becomes almost transparent. Starch should be strained to prevent lumps and should be used while hot
Starching and blueing
• On white cotton and linen clothes are blued • Water containing starch and blues should be
stirred well –streaks and patches• Cloth shd be squeezed inside water with
hands
Drying
• Cotton and linen – SUN• Clothes turned upside down• Moisture to be squeezed with hands • Straightened and smoothened
FINISHING
• Ironing: Process of running hot iron with forward and backward movement on the cloth to remove crease
• Cotton cloth-dampened before ironing • Right and wrong side • Attention –pleats, collar, frills etc• Damp muslin cloth on woollen fabrics• Silk-less of ironing, no water to be sprinkled
Ironing
• Pressing: Placing hot iron on the creased surface and lifting it OFF and ON on the creased surface –no forward backward movement
• Dry pressing done on dry clothes and wet pressing over moist muslin cloth over the garment eg woollen
• Non automatic iron-traditional eg electricity and coal
• Automatic iron-lighter in wt and works on electricity. Regulates temp
Steaming
• Utilized for fabrics which have piled weaving eg Velvet and velveteen• Pile is neither ironed nor pressed for removing
wrinkles• On a gas stove or heater, water is boiled in a
kettle . Damp article before it gets totally dry, is held before the jet of the steam coming out of the nozzle and it removes the wrinkles
Calendering
• Commercial scale• Straight piece of cloth (not stitched) is
moistened and passed between 2 large heated metal rollers which rotates continuously in the opposite direction.
• The heat and pressure of the metal rollers removes the wrinkles from the fabric
• Textile mills-cloth is manufactured
Ironing
• Used on cotton , silk and synthetic fabrics• Different fabrics have different heat resistance
hence iron has to be heated at different temp• Synthetic clothes need very less heat to crease
out the wrinkles.• Cotton and linen are ironed at high temp• Precaution: Maintain appropriate temp -turn
yellow /scorched (damage the texture)/burnt
DRY CLEANING
• Dry cleaning (or dry-cleaning) is any cleaning process for clothing and textiles using a chemical solvent rather than water.
• Principles: to remove dirt from fabrics without using
water restore the durability lustre, shine and color
of the fabric
Dry Cleaning Solvents and Absorbents
• Solvents –help to remove oily stains and easily absorbed by the fabric.
• Liquids and evaporates quickly• Solvents : Petrol, Benzene, Methylated - spirit,
Mineral turpentine, carbon tetrachloride• They are highly inflammable –use with special
care
Dry Cleaning-Absorbent
Absorbent : Dry powder :fuller’s earth ,french chalk, talcum
powder, salt, bran , sulfur, baked flour, bread crumbs, etc
Used –heavily soiled parts like collars, cuffs,light color
Methods and Principles of DC
• Sorting :Color, Use, Garments • Color: White colored separated from dark
colored• Use: Draperies are separated from daily use
clothes• Garments: brushed well to remove all loose
particles of dirt
Cleaning
• Clothes-Dry cleaning cylinder• Delicate clothes are put in net bags• Solvent is flowed through perforated drums
into the garment
Advantages and Disadvantages of DC
Advantages• Soft fabrics ,pile fabrics ,crisp fabrics are
drycleaned successfully without damage• Pleated and set garments retain their shape
and size after dry cleaning• No effect on natural or special finishes given
to the fabric
Dry Cleaning
Disadvantages• Expensive Process• Solvents create air pollution• Most solvents are inflammable • Special care, skill and equipment are required
for its handling• Solvents cannot remove water soluble dirt and
stains