Testing and Commissioning Ultra-High-Speed Line...
Transcript of Testing and Commissioning Ultra-High-Speed Line...
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© 2019 PNM and SEL
Testing and CommissioningUltra-High-Speed Line Protection
on a 345 kV Transmission Line
Henry Moradi and Daniel MarquisPublic Service Company of New Mexico
Kamal Garg, Greg Smelich, and Yajian TongSchweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
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• Serves customers and provides network integration transmission services toother utilities
• Owns approximately 14,338 miles of 46 kV, 69 kV, 115 kV, 230 kV, and 345 kV transmission lines
Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM)Investor-Owned Utility
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• Provides service for new industrial load
• Results in 170% compensation of CZ line; Zone 1 distance protection in select phasor-based relays was disabled
• Ultra-high-speed (UHS) relays installed to provide fast, secure protection and accurate fault locating on WW line and CZ line
New Cabezon SubstationWW Line and CZ Line
Rio PuercoCabezonSan Juan –j32.2 Ω
j19 Ω (34 miles)
j63 Ω (109 miles)
~j80 Ω (~134 miles) –j32.2 Ω Four Corners
WW Line CZ Line
FW Line
Line PT Line PT
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• Three phasor-based relays
• Four zones of 21P and 21G (quadrilateral characteristics) Zones 1, 2, and 4 set forward
Zone 3 set reverse
• POTT scheme using overcurrent and distance elements
• One 51G element coordinates with remote terminal relay
• One level of 67P and 67G detects faults in first 10–15% of line
• 87L enabled
Traditional PNM Protection for 345 kV Lines
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• UHS relays using incremental quantities and TWs respond to events prior to voltage change across capacitor bank
• PNM was motivated by speed, security, and reliability performance in simulations
• PNM applied UHS relays in conjunction with traditional phasor-based protection
PNM Motivated to Apply UHS Line Protection
10
16
12
1820
14
Aver
age
Trip
Tim
e (m
s)
0
6
2
8
4
0Fault Location (% of Line)
10 30 50 70 9020 40 60 80 100
Phasor-Based Line Protection
UHS Line Protection
Rio PuercoCabezon
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Commonly used to test operation of protection elements and schemes
Testing Using State Simulation
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Signals may exhibit sharp change during transition from pre-fault to fault state
• Causes artificial incremental replica current calculated byUHS relay
• Can cause unexpected operation of elements that use incremental quantities
Transitioning Between States
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Transitioning from pre-fault to fault state at t0 removes sharp signal change at transition point
Removing Sharp Signal ChangesBetween States
∆ = ° 0
1 NC – angle( I) t •NFREQ 360
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• Generated COMTRADE files from software; played files back to UHS relays during commissioning testing
• Represented internal and external faults, including different typesand locations
• Verified wiring, relay health and settings, and operation of elements that use incremental quantities
Testing Using Realistic Fault Signals
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Combining TWs With Fundamental
Frequency Signals
• Used time-synchronized localtest equipment
• Satisfied lower-frequency supervisory conditions, allowing verification of TW-based functions
Traditional Relay Test Equipment
Clock
TW Test Equipment
GPS
UHS Relay
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End-to-End Commissioning Testing
• Used time-synchronized local and remote test equipment
• Applied TWs simultaneously with fault condition 1 second after pre-fault signals initiated
Traditional Relay Test Equipment
Communications Channel
Clock
TW Test Equipment
Traditional Relay Test Equipment
TW Test Equipment
Clock
GPS GPS
UHS Relay
UHS Relay
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Commissioning TestingInternal Fault
• AG fault simulated on WW line 46% away from San Juan
• TD21, POTT, and TW87 expected to operate at San Juan and Cabezon
Rio PuercoCabezonSan Juan
Four Corners
WW Line CZ Line
FW Line
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Commissioning Testing ResultsInternal Fault
TD21, POTT, and TW87 operated as expected
San Juan Cabezon
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Commissioning Testing ResultsTWs for Internal Fault
TWs captured by San Juan and Cabezon terminals
• Same polarity
• Arrival times separated by less than TW line propagation time
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• BG fault simulated on FW line
• TD21, POTT, and TW87 expected to restrain at San Juan and Cabezon terminals
• TD32 expected to assert forward at San Juan and reverse at Cabezon
Commissioning Testing ResultsExternal Fault
Rio PuercoCabezonSan Juan
Four Corners
WW Line CZ Line
FW Line
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Relay operated as expected
Commissioning Testing ResultsExternal Fault
San Juan Cabezon
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Commissioning Testing ResultsTWs for External Fault
TWs captured by San Juan and Cabezon terminals
• Opposite polarity
• Arrival times separated by TW line propagation time
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• PNM implemented UHS line protection on critical, overcompensated345 kV line
• UHS relays that operate on incremental quantities and TWs are better-suited to protect series-compensated lines
• Test incremental quantity-based elements using realistic signals and TW-based functions using TW test equipment
• TD21, POTT, and TW87 performance can be verified with time-synchronized end-to-end commissioning testing
Summary