TEST 4 review

• _____ 1. A prophage is a(n)• a. emerging virus.• b. type of retrovirus.• c. prion that has been integrated into a

bacterial cell's chromosome.• d. viral genome that has been incorporated

into a bacterial cell's chromosome.• e. none of the above

2. Which of the following is NOT LIKELY a way that a bacterial population can acquire increased genetic variation? a. transduction b. conjugation c. binary fission d. transformation e. all of the above do not increase genetic variation

_____ 3. Sometimes a bacteriophage transfers a gene from one bacterium to another. This process is called a. transduction. b. conjugation. c. cloning. d. binary fission. e. transformation.

_____4. The ability of an E. coli bacterium to act as a donor ("male") during conjugation is usually due to a piece of DNA called a. a probe. b. a plasmid. c. recombinant DNA. d. an F factor. e. a Ti plasmid.

_____ 5.. R plasmids can cause medical problems because they a. control conjugation in bacteria. b. are used as vectors to transfer genes to plants. c. code for DNA polymerase. d. protect bacteria against mutations. e. make bacteria resistant to antibiotics

_____ 6. A nucleic acid probe can be used to a. insert genes into a host cell. b. make DNA for gene cloning. c. splice pieces of DNA. d. cut pieces of DNA down to manageable size. e. find a particular nucleotide sequence within a mass of DNA.

_____7. Archaeologists unearthed a human skull with a small dried fragment of the scalp still attached. They extracted a tiny amount of DNA from the scalp tissue. How could they obtain sufficient DNA for an analysis of the ancient human's genes? a. subject the DNA to electrophoresis b. use a nucleic acid probe c. subject the specimen to amniocentesis d. use the polymerase chain reaction e. subject the DNA to restriction enzymes

_____8. Which of the following would be MIGHT be considered a transgenic organism? a. a bacterium that has received genes via conjugation b. a human given a corrected human blood-clotting gene c. a fern grown in cell culture from a single fern root cell d. Jake Wells e. a human treated with insulin produced by E. coli bacteria

_____9. The control of gene expression is more complex in multicellular eukaryotes than in prokaryotes because a. eukaryotic cells are much smaller. b. in a multicellular eukaryote, different cells are specialized for different functions. c. prokaryotes are restricted to stable environments. d. eukaryotic chromosomes have fewer nucleotides, so each nucleotide sequence must do several jobs. e. the genes of eukaryotes provide information for making proteins.

10.

• Tandem repeats of DNA sequences can be markers for disease. What disease is caused by CGG repeats of the 5 prime untanslated region if an exon.

11

• In HIV/AIDS T-4 helper cells that are infected with the HIV virus are marked for destruction by cytotxic T cells. Also a if the DNA of a cancerous cell cannot be repaired the a gene may activate cell “suicide genes” The programmed cell death is called?

12

• Another name for the temperate viral life cycle?

13

• What are "sticky ends". How are they formed?

14

• Name five substances that are needed to carry out a polymerase chain reaction?

15

• Retro-viruses would use what enzyme to read read and make single strand DNA molecules?

16

• When gel-electrophoresis is performed, restriction enzymes are employed to run a digest. The result is a RFLP. What does RFLP stand for?

17

18

• The ____________ (6 letters) is the protein coat or protein shell for a virus.

19

• Gene that codes for a tumor suppressor protein that is involved in the synthesis of several growth inhibiting proteins.

20

• Type of DNA that is used to find mRNA exons

21 What structures does the DNA wrap around?

22

23

24