TERM 4. Unit 1: Electrical Systems 1.1 Simple circuit components In every system an electrical...
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Transcript of TERM 4. Unit 1: Electrical Systems 1.1 Simple circuit components In every system an electrical...
![Page 1: TERM 4. Unit 1: Electrical Systems 1.1 Simple circuit components In every system an electrical circuit has three components Input Process Output.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e395503460f94b2abfc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TERM 4
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.1 Simple circuit components In every system an electrical circuit has
three components Input Process Output
Can you think of examples of each?
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.2 Input devicesInput devices can be described as:
a device that put electrical energy into a circuit
the environment can provide energy Input devices that we will look at are:
Electrochemical cell (battery) Generator Solar panel
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.2.1 Electrochemical cell (battery)
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.2.1 Electrochemical cell (battery)What is an electrochemical cell?
It is a device that uses a chemical reaction to create electrical energy
What is electrolyte? It is a liquid or gel that contains ions
What is an electrode? It is a solid electric conducting metal, it can be
positive or negative Negative electrode is called a cathode Positive electrode is called an anode
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.2.1 Electrochemical cell
What are the components of a electrochemical cell? Electrode of zinc (positive electrode - anode) Electrode of copper (negative electrode –
cathode) Two glass buckets filled with electrolyte
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.2.2 GeneratorWhat is a generator? Is a machine that converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy It is a machine that converts wind energy
into electrical energyDisadvantages of generators:
Wind generators need wind Birds can destroy the blades Diesel generators can be expensive Diesel generators are heavy
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.2.2 Generator
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.2.3 Solar panel (photovoltaic cell)What is a solar panel?
It converts light energy into direct current
Disadvantages of solar panels? They only operate in sunny climates Hail can damage it Panels can be vandalised They are expensive
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.2.3 Solar panel (photovoltaic cell)
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
Process DevicesWhat is a process device? it takes the electrical current and changes
it before it reaches the output devices
Process devices are: resistors
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.3.1 ResistorsAll materials can be grouped in three categories: Insulators Semi-conductors Conductors
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.3.1 ResistorsWhat is an insulator?
A material that cannot conduct electricity
What is a semi-conductor? A material that opposes the flow of electricity
What is a conductor? A material that allows the free flow of
electricity
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.3.1 ResistorsWhat are the uses of a resistor?
They limit the current They cause a drop in voltage They generate heat
Resistance is measured in ohms and is determined by four important factors:
The type of material How long the material is The area of the cross-section The temperature of the material
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.3.2 LampWhat is a lamp?
It is a device that converts electrical energy into light and heat
Disadvantages of a lamp: Some must not be touched when it is
burning Some lamps can heat up a room
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.3.3 HeaterWhat is a heater?
It is a devices that converts electrical energy into heat
Disadvantages of heaters: They can be dangerous They are expensive They use a lot of electricity Can cause fires They dry out the air
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.3.4 BuzzerWhat is a buzzer?
It is a devices that converts electrical energy into sound
Disadvantages of a buzzer: The sound can be irritating The sound will not carry far distances
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.3.5 MotorWhat is a motor?
It is a device that converts electrical energy into movement
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
1.4 Control Devices: SwitchesWhat is a switch?
It is a device that puts electrical energy into a circuit
There are different types of switches: Push switch SPST switch SPDT switch DPDT switch
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
2. Correct connections: Short circuitsWhat is a short circuit?
It is a low resistance in a circuit Or a weak point in the circuit
Short circuits prevent the follow of electricity
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Unit 1: Electrical Systems
3. Electrical componentsSee the table on page 161
You must learn the whole table
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Unit 3:Electrical systems and control
Batteries and bulbs in parallel
Advantages DisadvantagesHas the same current all around the circuit
If one bulb stops working the other will still work
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Unit 3:Electrical systems and control
Batteries and bulbs in series
Advantages DisadvantagesCan add more power
Increase the resistance
If one bulb stops working all will go out
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Unit 3:Electrical systems and control
4. Photovoltaic cellsWhat is photovoltaic cell? It is a solar panel
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UNIT 3: PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
Advantages of a photovoltaic cell: Produce pollution free energy Can be used
for years with little maintenance Useful for areas that don’t have electricity Sun shine is always available Save you a lot of money Disadvantages: It costs a lot to install Will not work well if weather is cloudy for
long period of time
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Unit 4:Electrical systems and control
1.Thermal power stations
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Unit 4:Electrical systems and control
2. Nuclear energy
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Unit 4:Electrical systems and control
3. Solar energy
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Unit 4:Electrical systems and control
4. Hydroelectric power stations
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Unit 4:Electrical systems and control
5. Wind-driven turbines
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Unit 4:Electrical systems and control
6. Alternating current 6.1 Step-up and step-down transformers 6.2 Distributing electric power across the
country 6.3 National grid
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Unit 4:Electrical systems and control
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Unit 4:Electrical systems and control