Suggestions on How to Build and

Sustain PBS in High Schools Teri Lewis

Oregon State University

Secondary School Context and Issues State HS example Individual school example

Brief Organizer

Violent crime is down (48 to 28/1000)◦ 740,000 violent crimes (12-18 yr olds)◦ 1.2 million thefts at school◦ 7% report being bullied◦ 29% report drugs are available◦ 9% threatened/injured with a weapon at school

NCES 2005

Some Student less prepared (academics and behavior)

Class disruption and non-compliance Attendance, tardy and drop-out rates Bullying and harassment Depression, suicide, substance use/abuse Students report feeling unsafe while at school Parents do not feel their children are safe while at

school or in surrounding neighborhoods

Secondary school challenges

Increase monitoring and Supervision Restate rules & sanctions Pay more attention to problem behavior Refer disruptive to office, suspend, expel

Common response to behavioral problems

ODR Suspension Drop Out

◦Remove student ◦Relieve ourselves and others ◦Attribute responsibility for change to student &/or others (family)

Punishment practices may appear to “work” in the short term

Punishment practices, when used alone, promote more antisocial behavior (Mayer,1991; Skiba &Peterson, 1999)! ◦ Vandalism, aggression, truancy, dropout ◦ Impairs child-adult relationships and attachment

to schooling ◦ Weakens academic outcomes and maintains

antisocial trajectory

But….false sense of efficacy!

◦Encourage students to accept responsibility for their behavior?

◦Teach alternative ways to behave? ◦Place high value on academic engagement and achievement?

◦Focus on restoring the environment and social relationships in the school?

Questions to ask of your discipline policy.

E.g., Student Tardy Survey

Student/Social(talking, at locker, in cafeteria, illness, don’t sign in, overslept, off-campus lunch, skip, fight)

28.5%

Instructional(late leaving prior class, don’t like class)

17.5%

Routines/Environment(passing time, transportation, location, parking, start time, bells, traffic, bathroom)

54%

SYST

EMS

PRACTICES

DATASupportingStaff Behavior

SupportingDecisionMaking

SupportingStudent Behavior

OUTCOMES

Social Competence &Academic Achievement

1. Student misbehavior can be changed (taught)2. (Instructional) Environments can be created to

change behavior3. Changing environments requires change in adult

behavior (teaching)4. Adult behavior (teaching) must change in a

consistent and systematic manner5. Systems of support (effective instructional

environments) are necessary for both students and adults

Guiding Principles

“Buy-in”, Scheduling or the ability to get people

together Establishing consistency across staff Lack of data on high schools Funding. This impacted scheduling, as

schools were not able to fund release time for staff to meet and develop materials, or have teams meet

Common Challenges

Collaboration between schools, MSDE, Sheppard Pratt, and Johns Hopkins◦ Began in 1999◦ 24 local school systems◦ Over 800 schools trained◦ State Leadership Team

Maryland Model

State Level◦ State Leadership Team◦ District/Regional Coordinators

School Level◦ Coaches◦ Teams

Training◦ Summer Institute◦ Regional Trainings

Maryland Model, cont.

Schools by Type(about 90 schools trained 7/05)

PBIS Schools by Type and Region*

N=259 Central EasternShore

Southern Western City

Pre-schools 0 0 0 0 0Elementary 48 18 34 28 17K-8 1 0 0 0K-12 0 0 0 0Middle 33 9 15 13 4Middle/High 0 0 0 0High 14 5 2 3Alternative 6 1 3 3 2

Total 102 33 54 47 23

90% of elementary schools are reporting ODRs at .43 per day per 100 students or lower

94% of middle schools are reporting ODRs at .95 per day per 100 students or lower

75% of high schools are reporting ODRs at .99 per day per 100 students or lower

Student Behavior (SWIS)

PBIS Maryland 2003-2004

61%70%

79%70%

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High Schools

pbismaryland.org◦ Four HS examples◦ On-line tutorial◦ ….

High School Exemplars

The Dragon Way

What is PBS and The Dragon Way?

A school-wide system intended to assist schools in its efforts to improve school climate and academic outcomes for ALL students.

The Dunseith Public School chose three school wide expectations to begin implementation of this program. We titled these expectations the The Dragon Way

The Expectations

Planning and Meeting We arranged for meetings to be held the first Tuesday of each

month, for three hours.

All teachers are actively attending these meetings and excused from taking leave to attend these meetings, subs are provided.

We actually leave the building to meet and tell no one were the meetings are held.

Promoting: Getting the Word Out

Promoting: Convincing our staff

Promoting:

We handed out approximately 100 key chains and brochures to parents in an 8 hour period.

Informing our Parents

Promoting: Pulling in the students

Tying it together

War Bonnet

The War Bonnet, which is worn by many different tribes of Native

Americans, is a symbol of honor. The number of feathers that are acquired

during ones lifetime determines the size of the bonnet. Feathers are awarded

to those that personify the values of Knowledge, Honor, and Respect. The

Dragon Way concept identifies with these values.

Tying it togetherThe Dragon Way Bonnet

The “Dragon Way Bonnet” was designed to recognize the

accomplishment of Dunseith High School students on their journey to a high

school degree. Students will be recognized for their accomplishments by

having a feather painted on the “Dragon Way Bonnet”. Different colored

feathers will represent a specific honor. For instance a student who

graduates from high school will have their name painted on a “RED” feather

and added to the bonnet. The red feather represents “Wisdom”. A “BLUE”

feather represents “Knowledge”, at the end of each school year all student

who remained on the honor role during that time will have their feather

added to the bonnet. Those students who have shown respect and values

that represent what Dunseith High School stands for will have their name

placed upon a “WHITE” feather and added to the bonnet. The white feather

represents honor and respect.

Tying it togetherThe Story of Turtle Island

Chippewa teachings tell us of how North America was created. In

these teachings comes the story of “Turtle Island”. It is said that North

America was once covered with an endless ocean of open water. Upon this

water floated a massive log, where many animals rode the shifting seas.

Gitchimanato, the creator, saw that his animals were unhappy with this

situation and he appeared before them. He said, “If anyone can reach

mother earth and return her to the surface of the sea, the waters will recede.”

The crane was the first to accept the challenge he said, “I am the crane, king

of the water birds, and I will go to the bottom and return with mother earth”.

The great crane dove into the water and proceeded downward to retrieve its

treasure. Several minutes had passed without any sign from crane, then his

body floated lifelessly to the surface of the water. After a few minutes of

thought, the beaver said, “I am the king of the water animals and I will

succeed”. He met the same fate as the crane. Without hesitation, the

muskrat said, “The beaver is my friend, but I can swim faster and deeper

than he, and I will succeed”. He dove into the cold, dark waters and just

like his brother’s beaver and crane, muskrat’s body floated lifeless to the

surface of the water. But the muskrat’s sacrifice was not in vain, for

clutched in his paw, was the soil from mother earth. The soil was removed

from his paw and placed on the back of a turtle. As was promised by the

creator, the waters receded on and land was exposed. Today this land is

known as North America.

Promoting & Tying it together

Promoting: Pulling in the Community

Education: We took this opportunity as our final chance to pull in the staffAND IT WORKED!!!!!!

From here on we just facilitated meetings and gave direction to the staff.

We convinced our Superintendent that it would be in the best interest of our school that the early out in-service time in February and March should be invested into the PBS Leadership Team to initiate, plan, and train the staff.

Staff By-in

Educat ion

The

Matrix

Setting Take Care of Self Take Care of OthersTake Care of Your

EnvironmentClassrooms * Complete work on time

* Positive Effort * Come to school prepared with school related items. * Respect yourself * Appropriate Participation

* Use kind words * Be a good listener *Keep hands, feet, objects and comments to yourself * Accept differences

* Keep classroom clean * Respect school property *Stack Chairs * Use classroom materials correctly

Hallway * Walk * Maintain personal space * Keep to the right * Use quiet voice * Keep a straight line

* Use quiet voice * Maintain personal space * Follow the person in front of you

* Keep hallway free of garbage * Keep walls clean * Carry playground equipment quietly * Respect displays and bulletin boards

Lunchroom * Take only what you will eat * Wash hands with soap and dry hands with paper towel * Sit properly * Maintain healthy food choices * Walk appropriately

* Use quiet voice * Maintain personal space * Visit quietly with others * Use appropriate talble voice

* Clean up after yourself * Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle

Playground * Follow equipment rules * Stay in playground boundaries * Be a good listener * Report harmful behaviors and actions immediately * Dress appropriately

* Share playground equipment * Wait your turn * Use kind words * Play fair 8 Keep hands, feet, objects, and comments to self

* Keep playground debris free * Respect school property

Bathroom * Flush * Wash hands with soap and dry hands with paper towels

*Give others privacy * Use bathroom as intended * Report needed bathroom supplies

* Keep the bathrooms clean * Use bathroom as intended * Conserve paper towels * Turn water off when done washing

Other *Cooperate * Stay with group * Control volume of voice * Walk and sit appropriately * Dress appropriately * Bring designated items only * Be respectful listeners

* Control volume of voice * Maintain personal space * Show appreciation * Display good audience behavior

* Clean up after yourself * Be aware of environmental dangers

Elementary

Educat ion

The Matrix

Setting Take Care of Self Take Care of OthersTake Care of Your

EnvironmentClassrooms * Expect to Learn

* Complete work on time * Be on Time * Appropriate Participation

* Be Courteous * don't interrupt others *Keep hands, feet, objects and comments to yourself

* Keep classroom clean * Respect school property * Use classroom materials correctly

Hallway * Pass respectfully and quickly * Maintain personal space * Keep noise level down

* Use appropriate language * Maintain personal space * report harmful behaviors

* Keep hallway free of garbage * Keep walls and lockers clean * Respect displays and bulletin boards

Commons Area

* Take only what you will eat * Keep noise to a minimum * No food out of the commons area

* Use appropriate table manners * Don't cut in front of others * Visit quietly with others

* Clean up after yourself * Throw all garbage in the garbage cans * Keep all food in the commons area

Field Trips * Represent your school in a positive and appropriate manner * Stay with your groups * Be on time and know your schedules * Dress appropriately

* Be respectful to presenters * Look after each other * Be courteous and helpful to others * Obey the rules and guidelines

* Pick up after yourself * Respect others property

Bathroom * Use facilities appropriately * Flush * Use good personal hygiene

* Be courteous of others * No harassment of other students

* Keep the bathrooms clean * No graffiti on the walls or stalls * Put all garbage in the garbage cans

Bus and Loading

Area

* Be on time for the bus * Stay seated in your assigned seat * Follow the drivers rules and requests

* Be a good role model * Be courteous to others * Help others if they need it

* Put garbage in the trash cans * Don't vandalize the bus

Assemblies * Use bathroom prior to assemblies * Be courteous to the presenters * Sit quietly and be respectful * Listen and pay attention

* Do not disturb others around you * Model positive behavior * Remain seated

* Don't bring food or drink into the gym * No graffiti on the walls or bleachers * Throw trash in the garbage

JH/HS 7-12

The Lessons

Educat ion

Mini Lesson Plan Bathroom

Take Care of Yourself: Hand Washing Demonstrate to the students the proper way to wash your hands by using soap, water, and scrubbing while singing the alphabet song.

Potato Lesson: Peel two potatoes, Have all students touch one of the potatoes before washing with soap and place it in a Ziploc baggie. Then have all students’ wash their hands with soap and water then touch the second potato and place it in a Ziploc baggie. Watch the potatoes over several days to see what washing hands do for you. The dirty potato should just break down into water with chunks of potato while the clean potato will stay in tack with a slight discoloration.

Take Care of Others: Privacy Discuss to the students what privacy is and how they can give others privacy in the bathroom by not peeking in on others while they are using the bathroom, not opening the door…

Take care of Your Environment: Conserving paper products Discuss where paper comes from and what happens to trees when we use too much toilet paper and paper towels. Demonstrate the proper amount of paper towels needed to dry hands (about three pushes on the paper towel dispenser). Demonstrate the proper use of disposing of used paper towels by throwing them in the garbage.

The Lessons

Educat ion

The Dragon Stops

Behavior Intervention We developed a method of positively reinforcing expected

behaviors through the use of our “I Spy” pads.

Behavior Intervention“I Spy” slips can be accumulated by the students and redeemed by the students for prizes.

Behavior Intervention

Behavior Intervention: Positive Parent ContactsParent/Gaurdian Name Phone # Reason for Contact Date

Teacher ____________________________________________

Behavior Intervention: Using your data

Discipline Referral Comparison

020406080

100120140160180200220240

Months

Nu

mb

er o

f R

efer

rals

2003-2004

2004-2005

A decrease of 39.1%

The Next Step: Review the DataNON_CLASSRROM Elem)

CLASSROOM

SCHOOL-WIDE

The Next Step: Review the DataNON-CLASSROOM (HS)

CLASSROOM

SCHOOL-WIDE

The Next Step This Summer on June 14th, 2005, we are having a mandatoryall staff in-service. This in-service will be on “Social Skills Training”.

Our school has committed stipend money for all staff, Each employee will receive $100.00/day. We have approximately 100 staff attending.

Next fall we are starting our home visitation list

T-Shirt for Dragon Way DaysAll StaffBusinessStudentsDragon Way Spotlight

Continue to develop lesson plans

Remember