tenets of sacrifice in culture

8/14/2019 tenets of sacrifice in culture

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fxdfrpts in puglhsafc rfsfjrda. Saf dajllfk`f nir hkchvhcujl dhthzfks hk

j `ligjl sidhfty hs ti ailc oistly nrio estir.ir` taf sfvfrjl vfrshiks in

sjdrhnhdf tajt ojy gf ipfrjthk` shoultjkfiusly whtahk durrfkt

fvfkts ir js dulturfs dljsa. Ojrtaj

Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.Sahs sfrhjlhty in fxdajk`fs hs trjksnirojthvfhk tajt lisf sioftahk` hk ircfr ti `ft sioftahk` hk fxdajk`f.Saf jrthduljthik in cfshrf hs taus truly disoili`hdjl.Eiak Oirtik.Saf Fnfdthvfkfss i Sitfohso5'Hkdrfjsf Whtujl' jkc Wfsiurdf Diktril hk Dfktrjl Justrjlhj

tfkfts insjdrh!df hk fdikiohds jkc dulturf

.

ik taf irh`hk incfshrf" dulturf" hkvfstofkt jkc `jhk.

gliic" sjdrh!df" dulturf#ojbhk` jkc kjthik#ojbhk`"taf tfkfts in sjdrh!df tajt ukcfrphk

trjcf. dulturf" rhtujl jkc fxdajk`f in ìics"sfrvhdfs jkc oirf dulturf.

taf aipfnulpilhthds in oiurkhk`.

jooj ghrjì

n taiu bkf$fst taf `hnt in %ic" jkc $ai ht hs

tajt sjhta ti taff" %hvf of ti crhkb& taiu $iulcfst ajvf jsbfcin aho" jkc af $iulc ajvf `hvfk taff lhvhk` $jtfr.Eiak 35 :! "k taf trjchk# i $fll $jtfr ir taf #ht i #ic.

'daiiltfjdafr $iulc bki$. (f bkf$ taf $irta infvfrytahk`. t jddiuktfc nir taf rfjl sirri$ hk ahs vihdf $afk af prikiukdfc'hxi uksuhtjglf. )ai diulc gf niilfc hkti guyhk` j shk`hk` kh``fr $hta j ùk*

Sikh Oirrhsik. %flivfc.

J dulturf hk tahs rjof$ir& hs ukcfrstiic js j sstfo i chnfrfkdfs! j sft i chsthkdthiks ir rf#uljthk# fvfr js(fdti dulturjl lhf. Jkc taisf chsthkdthiks oj )f ukcfrstiic hk (ishthvf tfros js sjdrh*dhjl. 'jdrh!df" 'drhpturf" jkc'ugsthtuthik. Jstfll jkc %iicajrt


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.ik aus)jkcr jkc taf ojkj#fofkt i (ri(frt.$a taf ajohthds $frf (jstirjl jkc &f(t djttlf hk tafhr (issfsshik+taf ojkj`fofkt jkc diktril in kjturjl rfsiurdfs"ik taf tafiry in sivfrfh`kty jkc rfk+ `hrjrc,s ohofthd cfshrf"

ik pripfrty" i$kfrsahp jkc sljvfry.taf dursf hk fcfk. taf irh#hk i cfshrf! dulturf! hkvfstofkt jkc #jhk.sjdrh*df jkc su)sthtuthik js taf )jshd tfkfts i fdikiohds5 sjdrh*df js dist ir sffc dj(htjl.aus)jkcr! j#rhdulturf jkc ojkj#fofkt i rfsiurdfs. taf tfkfts i dulturf! i fdikiohds!cfshrf jkc #jhk.

Sahs sfrhjlhty in fxdajk`fs hs trjksnirojthvfhk tajt lisf sioftahk` hk ircfr ti `ft sioftahk` hk fxdajk`f.Saf jrthduljthik in cfshrf hs taus truly disoili`hdjl.Eiak Oirtik.Saf Fnfdthvfkfss i Sitfohso5'Hkdrfjsf Whtujl' jkc Wfsiurdf Diktril hk Dfktrjl Justrjlhj

taf tfkfts in sjdrh!dfhk fdikiohds" trjcf jkc hkvfstofkt.

jkc itafr diktfopirjry trjchthiks in dulturf

dulturfojbhk`" jkc kjthikojbhk`" taf bhllhk` !flcsjkc taf gliicojdahkf. taf tfkfts in sjdrh!df tajt ukcfrphk

trjcf. dulturf" rhtujl jkc fxdajk`f in `iics"sfrvhdfs jkc oirf dulturf. ik taf jltjr tajt hs taf Jofrhdjs"

jrth!dhjl pfrsiks" ojs-ufrjcfs jkc djrkhvjls.

jooj ghrj`i

Saf ho(irtjkt tahk# hs tahs5 Si )f j)lf jt jk oiofkt ti sjdrh*df$ajt $f jrf ir $ajt $f diulc )fdiof. ajrlfs /u Gis

Saf dajllfk#f ir hkchvhcujl dhth,fks hk j #li)jl sidhft hs ti ailctaf sfvfrjl vfrshiks i sjdrh*df tajt oj )f i(frjthk# shoultjkfiusl

$htahk durrfkt fvfkts ir js dulturfs dljsa.Ojrtaj Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.

n taiu bkf$fst taf `hnt in %ic" jkc $ai ht hstajt sjhta ti taff" %hvf of ti crhkb& taiu $iulcfst ajvf jsbfcin aho" jkc af $iulc ajvf `hvfk taff lhvhk` $jtfr.

Eiak 35 :! "k taf trjchk# i $fll $jtfr ir taf #ht i #ic.

'daiiltfjdafr $iulc bki$. (f bkf$ taf $irta infvfrytahk`. t jddiuktfc nir taf rfjl sirri$ hk ahs vihdf $afk af prikiukdfc



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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.'hxi uksuhtjglf. )ai diulc gf niilfc hkti guyhk` j shk`hk` kh``fr $hta j `uk*

Sikh Oirrhsik. %flivfc.



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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.



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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.taf aipfnul pilhthds in oiurkhk`.

jt taf riit i ur)jkhst dflf)rjthikjkc (jstirjl ljofkt hs taf drhof i rjtrhdhcf! $ahda otatflls us hs taf irh#hk i taf dht jkc (ilhthds. taf ota i djhk5rjtrhdhcf! dht )uhlchk#! jkc (ilhthds`fir`f o. saulojk

taf jldafoy. taf oftjl jkc taf oikfy.taf oftjl hk taf gliic jkc oikfy. oikfy hs taf kf$ gliic.

ik oikfy" jldafoy jkc taf chvhkf sohta.

taf drfjthik in vjluf jkc durrfkdy jkc itafr niros in lf`jl tfkcfr.taf tafiry in sugsthtuthik hk sjdrh!df" taf gf`hkkhk` in trjcf hk jkc trjcfi=s.

hk trjcf" fdikiohds jkc itafr diktfopirjry trjchthiks in dulturf

taf aipfnulpilhthds in oiurkhk`.

tfkfts in sjdrh!dfhk fdikiohds jkc dulturfdulturfojbhk`" jkc kjthikojbhk`" taf bhllhk` !flcsjkc taf gliicojdahkf. taf tfkfts in sjdrh!df tajt ukcfrphktrjcf. dulturf" rhtujl jkc fxdajk`f in `iics"

sfrvhdfs jkc oirf dulturf.

jooj ghrj`iik aus)jkcr! dajrtfrs jkc dht stjtfs!

taf ojkj#fofkt jkc diktril i kjturjl rfsiurdfs!ik taf tafir i sjdrh*df jkc rfk- #hrjrcs ohofthd cfshrf!

ik (ri(frt! i$kfrsah( jkc sljvfr jkc $ai taf ajohthds jrfjkc $a taf i$kfc djttlf. jrf taf taf jkdfstirs i oicfrk auojks+

: . /rhojrhl taf slju#atfr i jk jkhojl js jk infrhk# ti =ic ir j cfht. 3. Saf cfstrudthik ir surrfkcfr i sioftahk# vjlufc ir cfshrfc ir taf sj&f

i sioftahk# ajvhk# j ah#afr ir oirf (rfsshk# dljho7 taf liss fktjhlfc) cfvithik ti siof itafr hktfrfst!). j vhdtho.

sjdrh!df # :xnirc 7k`lhsa /hdthikjry

Ht $js taf rflh#hik tajt f4jdtfc j )liic sjdrh*df tajt ojcf taf Wiojks i (j#jk thofsstrik# jkc tajt hkvfstfc tafo $hta tafhr dajrjdtfr i dikufrirs jkc rulfrs.

/hsdiursfs ik 4hvy gy Ojdahjvfllh



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Sahs sfrhjlht i f4dajk#fs hs trjksirojthvf hk tajt H lisf sioftahk# hk ircfrti #ft sioftahk# hk f4dajk#f. Saf jrthduljthik i cfshrf hs taus trul disoili#hdjl.

Eiak Oirtik.Saf 7=fdthvfkfss in Sitfohso


ik gliic sjdrh!dfs jkc ai$ oikfy hs taf kf$ gliic.:k taf tafiry in fssfkdfs" rfprfsfktjthiks ir syogils.

Saf lf#hthoh,jthik i suda jk fdikiohd rf)jtf ajs vfr ho(irtjkt ho(lhdjthiks ir taf

(rjdthdf jkc taf tafir i sjdrh*df. "k taf ikf ajkc ht jlli$s taf sjdrh*df ti )f (frirofc$hta ouda #rfjtfr rfufkd tajk $iulc dfrtjhkl )f taf djsf h taf sjdrh*dhjl ojtfrhjl $jsjl$js cfstrifc. "k taf itafr ajkc ht kfdfsshtjtfs s(fdhjl )flhfs j)iut taf ojkkfr hk$ahda taf #ics ir s(hrhts tj&f tafhr *ll. Fhtafr taf oust )f sjths*fc $hta taf &hllhk# jkcchs(lj i taf sjdrh*dfc i)6fdt! ir taf oust )f sjths*fc ti diksuof hts lfjst vjluj)lf(irthiks! ir ti j)sir) siof hoojtfrhjl js(fdt ir fuhvjlfkt i ht. Hk itafr $ircs! taf(rjdthdf i rfsfrvjthik i taf sjdrh*dhjl ojtfrhjl ir taf auojk (jrthdh(jkts jloist hkfvhtj)lcfojkcs siof tafir i fssfkdfs! rf(rfsfktjthiks ir so)ils.:=frhk` jkc 'jdrh!df3 ]riglfos in :r`jkh6jthik>jyoikc 0hrta

sugsthtuthik $ahda fk`fkcfrs vjluf drfjthik"

itafr niros in hkvfstofkt jkc tfkcfrs.

>u)sthtuthik! j diooik fkiu#a hktfr(rftjthik i sjdrh*df!3 hs taf dfktrjl ofjkhk#i taf rhtfs 0 taf jrf j #hvhk# ir f4dajk#f ir jk f4(hjthik hk tajt sfksf 0 $ajtfvfr itafrhcfjs jrf oh4fc u( hk ht ir )fdiof jttjdafc ti ht. %ut ulthojtfl ht flucfsrfjsik jlti#ftafr.

Saf s(hrhts cfojkc jttfkthik! jkc taf jrf kit ti )f sjths*fc $hta duduo)frs. Saf cfojkc)liic infrhk#s. Jkc h taf jrf kit #hvfk jkhojl sjdrh*dfs taf sfh,f tafhr cfvitffs jkcoj&f tafo shd&. 1ufr! tafrfirf! ci kit afshtjtf ti )jr#jhk $hta tafsf s(hrhts! s(fj&hk#tariu#a tafhr ofchuos! hk j ci$krh#at $j $ahda jstikhsafc of. Saf sfksf i taf )jr#jhkhs jl$js taf sjof5 h $f #hvf iu jk i4 ir j saff( ir j #ijt $hll iu lfjvf taf shd& ojkjlikf tajt af oj rfdivfr! ir $ajt ci iu rfuhrf i us tahs fjr hk sjdrh*df tajt $f oj

kit )f triu)lfc ) iu+

/fvflipofkt in jtikhk` prjdthdfs hk jkdhfkt rflh`hiks.%fir`f '. %iicspffc. Jtikfofkt hk kik#arhsthjk rflh`hiks.

Saf lf#jl ir dioofrdhjl js(fdts i taf rfljthiks fofr#f. Saf ilc Wiojk rflh#hik $js i tahst(f. 8Saf #ics dikriktfc ojk 6ust js j drfchtir dikriktfc ahs cf)tir7 fjda i tafo ajc jcul jduhrfc rh#at ti dfrtjhk (frirojkdfs jkc (jofkts7 8 ir! j#jhk5 8'Saf #ics $frfJ dulturf hk tahs rjof$ir& hs ukcfrstiic js j sstfo i chnfrfkdfs! j sft i chsthkdthiks ir rf#uljthk# fvfr js(fdti dulturjl lhf. Jkc taisf chsthkdthiks oj )f ukcfrstiic hk (ishthvf tfros js sjdrh*dhjl. 'jdrh!df" 'drhpturf" jkc'ugsthtuthik. Jstfll jkc %iicajrt


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.(jrtkfrs hk j diktrjdt $hta tafhr $irsah(frs.82 Dio(fksjthik ir jnrikts dioohttfc $jsojcf ) sjdrh*df! $ahda! js %jrhk# =iulc sjs! 8hs hk rflh#hik $ajt ouldt hs hk lj$.83

>igfrt 1jstfkgjuo. :k sjdrh!df.

sjdrh*df hs j iro i diooukhdjthik $hta j cfht ir shohljr (ur(isfs. Saf $irc htsflofjks 8ti oj&f ail.8 .! sjdrh*dhjl infrhk#s hkdlucf i)6fdts i vjluf jkc so)ilhdsh#kh*djkdf tajt jrf #hvfk ti taf #ics ti fjrk tafhr jvir.

taf siul in sjdrh!df.sajrfs" dists jkc gfkf!ts in sjdrh!df

... Saf jkhojl hs usujll )iu#at ) su)sdrh(thik rio sfvfrjl (fi(lf! taf (rhdf jl$js )fhk#ojcf u( hk sfvfk sajrfs. "vfr j (frhic i fjrs! ) jdduouljthik i sajrfs si diktrh)utfc!j (frsik oj jduhrf js ht $frf j dio(lftf sjdrh*dhjl jkhojl ir ahosfl jkc si sfdurf tafj((ri(rhjtf ofrht


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.tafk $frf rfsiurdfs ajkclfc! jkc hk (jrthduljr $frf taf si ir#jkh,fc js ti rfcudf js jr js(issh)lf taf fdikiohd liss+ Saf jrf ail ir tj)ii ir jll jkc kit! js hk siof itafr sjdrh*dfs $afrf ikf ajl i tafvhdtho hs j)jkcikfc! ikl ir dfrtjhk (frsiks. %ut vjluj)lf taiu#a ahs )fjsts jrf ti j 1ufr

jkc #rfjt taf liss i tafo 0 fvfk taiu#a af oj fjst ik tafhr djrdjsfs jtfr taf ajvf)ffk sjdrh*dfc af sthll lisfs tafo 0 1ufr tafosflvfs rffl f4(ljhk tajt ht hs kit si ouda$ajt hs sjdrh*dfc tajt hs ho(irtjkt js taf hktfkthik i taisf $ai sjdrh*df. H j ojk hs (iiraf $hll sjdrh*df j #ijt! ir fvfk j duduo)fr! hk taf (ljdf i jk i4! jkc =ic $hll jddf(t ht. Jojk saiulc #hvf jddirchk# ti ahs dhrduostjkdfs jkc taf sjdrh*df hs kit lfss fdjdhius)fdjusf ht hs j sojll tahk#. Nf djk (fraj(s! tafrfirf! ukcfrstjkc $a ht hs tajt $afrfjs taf%jktu itfk )flhttlf taf sjdrh*dfs taf oj&f ti tafhr #aists! djllhk# jk i4 j djl ir j #ijt j&hc


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.Saf cfht tfkcs ti )fdiof oirf jkc oirf taf lirc i taf ljkc7 jkc taf c$fllfrs u(ik ht!$ahlf taf rftjhk tafhr diksdhiuskfss i ukht $hta aho! jrf lfc ti rfdi#kh,f taf (ricudts itaf sihl jkc taf ruht i tafhr Aid&s jkc afrcs! jlik# $hta taf rjhk jkc suksahkf! js ahs(fdulhjr (issfsshik! $ahda af #rjdhiusl )fsti$s u(ik ahs $irsah(frs. %ut siof rfturk hs ti

)f ojcf ir tafsf #hts! jkc $ajt oirf *tthk# tajk (irthiks i taisf tahk#s $ahda af ajsahosfl (rivhcfc+ Nafk ahs (fi(lf diof ti taf sjkdtujr $hta tafhr infrhk#s! taisf i tafvf#ftj)lf &hkc jrf ajkcfc ivfr ti taf #ic js cuf aho! )ut hk taf djsf i taf jkhojls tafrhtujl i $irsah( hs suoofc u( hk taf sjdrh*dhjl ofjl! hk $ahda taf infrhk#s jrf rflh#hiuslfjtfk ) taf $irsah(frs )firf taf #ics.

. Jkitafr tafir! durrfkt jt taf thof! rfcudfc sjdrh*df! $aftafr auojk ir jkhojl!ti taf stjtus i j )rh)f ti taf #ics. Sahs vhf$ i taf auojk vhdtho js j ofrf diooicht!hooiljtfc hk f4dajk#f ir tjk#h)lf )fkf*ts! tj&fs lhttlf jddiukt i taf dio(lf4 lhk&s tajt)iukc aho )ita ti taf (rhfst $ai tii& ahs lhf jkc ti taf diooukht ir $ahdaaf chfc. 4j vhilfkdf ft lf sjdr+. >fk+ %hrjrc

ik taf ajohthds" taf pjstirjl pfiplfs in taf safpafrc bhk`s.$ay tafy bfpt ik djttlf jkc stidbphlf in gliic hk hts vfhks ik ajkc.

5taf lhkb gft$ffk taf pfrdfpthglf jkc taf trjksdfkcfktjl5

)hbhpfchj. :k taf (johthds.

Ofhkai's sstfo i dljssh*djthik i taf johthd ljk#uj#fs $js )jsfc ik j )flhf tajt

8s(fj&frs i johthd )fdjof ljr#fl ditfrohkius $hta djttlf afrchk# (fi(lfs $hta

fssfkthjll Djudjshjk irh#hks! hktrhkshdjll chnfrfkt rio jkc su(frhir ti taf '1f#rifs i

Jrhdj'.8

Saf $irc Sutsh cfsdrh)fc taf stjtus i jk hkchvhcujl j (frsik rhda hk djttlf jkc rffrrfcti taf flhtf #riu( js j $ailf! jkc taf $irc utu ofjkhk# irh#hkjll j su)irchkjtf irilli$fr i j oirf (i$frul (frsik djof ti rffr ti taf ojss i taf irchkjr (fi(lf.;

Hk taf :;ta dfktur! js jk j((lhdjthik i sdhfkth*d rjdhso!taf 8(johthd rjdf8 )fdjof j

su)0#riu( i taf Djudjshjk rjdf! jlik#shcf taf >fohthd rjdf! #riu(hk# taf kik0>fohthd

(i(uljthiks kjthvf ti 1irta Jrhdj! taf irk i Jrhdjjkc >iuta Jrj)hj! hkdluchk# taf Jkdhfkt

F#(thjks.Saf (johthd tafirysu##fstfc tajt tahs 8johtf rjdf8 $js su(frhir ti ir oirf

jcvjkdfc tajk 1f#rihc(i(uljthiks i >u)0>jajrjk Jrhdj. Hk hts oist f4trfof iro! hk taf

$rhthk#s i D. =. >flh#ojk! ht jssfrtfc tajt jll sh#kh*djkt jdahfvfofkts hk Jrhdjk ahstir

$frf taf $ir& i 8johtfs8 $ai oh#rjtfc hkti dfktrjl Jrhdj js (jstirjlhsts! )rhk#hk#

tfdakili#hfs jkc dhvhlh,hk# s&hlls $hta tafo. Safirfthdjl oicfls i johthd ljk#uj#fs jkc i

johthd rjdfs $frf hktfrlhk&fc hk taf fjrl t$fkthfta dfktur.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_racehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_racehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Arabiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._G._Seligmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_racehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_racehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Arabiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._G._Seligmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.7vjks#]rhtdajrc. Saf sjdrh!dhjl rilf in djttlf joik` taf 8ufr.Ht $iulc )f jtjl kit ti rfdi#kh,f tajt joik# itafr tahk#s taf jrf taf ofjks ) $ahda ofkdjk fktfr hkti diooukhdjthik $hta %ic jkc igtjhk gy prjyfr jkc sjdrh!df tajtchvhkf jhc $htaiut $ahda tafy jrf aflplfss" jkc fspfdhjlly jkc ik jlldrhthdjl

iddjshiks ) sjdrh*df7 Saf sjdrh*dhjl rilf hs jl$js cirojkt hk djttlf! $ahda hk sjdrh*df jrf)fhk# usfc ir jk ircjhkfc (ur(isf ir $ahda taf jrf sft j(jrt7 jkc tafhr rflh#hiussh#kh*djkdf hs tafrfirf hktrhkshd jkc (rhojr. Saf sjdrh*dhjl shtujthik hs (rfsfkt! js ht$frf! hk taf jdt! taiu#a ki jdtujl sjdrh*df hs ojcf. taf sjdrh*dhjl shtujthik hs jl$js(rfsfkt hk (itfkthjlht jkc hktfkthik jkc ht hs tahs $ahda oj&fs jll taf chnfrfkdf )ft$ffk tafofktjlht i jk ofrfl cjhr jkc stid&0jrohk# (fi(lf jkc taf djttlf0ofktjlht i taf 1ufr.

Jll taf #rfjt sidhjl iddjshiks i tafhr lhvfs jrf iddjshiks i sjdrh*df! jkc fvfr #rjvf cjk#frjkc ohsirtukf $ahda diofs tafhr $j hs oft $hta sjdrh*df7 jkc hk shd&kfss! fs(fdhjll! taflhvfs i tafhr i4fk stjkc )ft$ffk tafo jkc cfjta. Safhr sjlvjthik jt fvfr drhshs cf(fkcs iktaf sojll afrc $hta $ahda taf sajrf tafhr aiof. Nafk! tafrfirf! $f sff& ti fsthojtf $ajttafhr djttlf jrf ti 1ufr jkc ai$ taf sff tafo! ht $iulc )f jtjl kit ti rfdi#kh,f tajtjoik# itafr tahk#s taf jrf taf ofjks ) $ahda ofk djk fktfr hkti diooukhdjthik $hta

%ic jkc igtjhk gy prjyfr jkc sjdrh!df tajt chvhkf jhc $htaiut $ahda tafy jrfaflplfss" jkc fspfdhjlly jkc ik jlldrhthdjl iddjshiks ) sjdrh*df7 ir! js ?jtafrDrj,,iljrj (uts ht! djttlf iro 'taf lhk& )ft$ffk taf (frdf(th)lf jkc taf trjksdfkcfktjl' .

:k :=frhk` jkc 'jdrh!df. Gy >jyoikc 0hrta "nfrhk# hk siof iro j((fjrs ti iddur hk kfjrl jll rflh#hius sstfos. Saf dustio ioj&hk# rflh#hius infrhk# hs (jrt i j vjst sfrhfs i jdthiks hkvilvhk# dikdf(thiks i trjksfri #iic ir sfrvhdf rio ikf (frsik ti jkitafr (frsik! ir ti j (utjthvf fktht! $htaiut chrfdtjkc hoofchjtf diuktfr0trjksfr i jk vhsh)lf fuhvjlfkt. Jk infrhk# hs j s(fdhfs i #ht. Sahsofjks5


11/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.survhvjl rio stjrvjthik! jttjd&! jkc fvfkts suda js fjrtauj&fs! vildjkhd fru(thiks! jkcAiics tajt $frf tj&fk ti )f taf $ir& i jk#r #ics. /issfsshk# lhohtfc &ki$lfc#f jkctfdakili#! sidhfthfs trhfc ti *kc j $j i kf#ithjthk# $hta rhvjl! cfojkchk#! jkc rfufktluk(rfchdtj)lf #ics h taf $irlc jkc tafhr i$k lhvfs $frf ti dikthkuf. >jdrh*df siik )fdjof

j sh#kh*djkt iro i f4dajk#f $hta taf #ics! j sirt i durrfkd hk jk j#f )firf taffstj)lhsaofkt i j oikftjr sstfo. Hk oicfrk (jrljkdf! sjdrh*df $js j $j i cihk#)ushkfss.

Saf sfcudthik tafiry jkc taf `hnt in taf `ics.)ai jrf taf `ics jkc $ajt hs ht tafy $jkt nrio auojkhty.

8Saf #ics dikriktfc ojk 6ust js j drfchtirdikriktfc ahs cf)tir7 fjda i tafo ajc j cul jduhrfc rh#at ti dfrtjhk

(frirojkdfs jkc (jofkts7 8'Saf #ics $frf (jrtkfrs hkj diktrjdt $hta tafhr $irsah(frs.8

:k 'jdrh!df jkc 'idhfty. Wigfrt1jstfkgjuouojk sjdrh*df hs siofthofs rf#jrcfc js j )h,jrrf (rjdthdf djrrhfc iut ) j f$ sdjttfrfcsidhfthfs $ai fhtafr $frf ukdhvhlh,fc ir f4df(thikjll drufl jkc vhilfkt. i$fvfr! tafrf hs(frsujshvf fvhcfkdf tajt taf sjdrh*dhjl ho(ulsf ajs )ffk diooik tariu#aiut ahstir jkcajs (ljfc jk ho(irtjkt rilf hk sidhft.

Saf irh#hks i )liic sjdrh*df jrf list hk taf ohst i (rfahstir. 1fvfrtaflfss! hkfrfkdfs djk)f crj$k rio jrdajfili#hdjl rfsfjrda jkc rio taf (rjdthdfs jkc )flhfs i (fi(lf $aisfrhtujls dikthkufc hkti taf ahstirhdjl (frhic. Saf sjof sidhfthfs usujll (frirofc itafr t(fsi sjdrh*dfs js $fll! )ut tafsf f4jo(lfs cfoikstrjtf taf $hcfs(rfjc usf i rhtujl ourcfr jsjk j((rivfc dio(ikfkt i sidhjl (ilhd.

uojk sjdrh*df $js dikshcfrfc si drudhjl j ofjsurf tajt ht (frshstfc ir siof thof fvfk hksidhfthfs tajt ajc )fdiof oirf dio(lf4 jkc si(ahsthdjtfc. ?ir f4jo(lf! taf (rjdthdf isjdrh*dhk# taf flcfst sik $js j sjlhfkt fjturf i Ofchtfrrjkfjk dults B! fjrs j#i jkcsthll j (i$frul tafof hk Eucjhso jkc fjrl Darhsthjkht. >jdrh*df $iulc )f tjofc sli$l jssidhfthfs cfvfli(fc oirf fnfdthvf $js ti ojkj#f tafhr kffcs jkc di(f $hta tafhrfkvhrikofkts.

Saf diooukht t(hdjll hs dikstrudtfc iut i taf Lojlf )ichfs i taisf $ai jrf sjdrh*dfc!jkc ) taisf Lofk $ai f4frdhsf &hllhk# (i$fr. >fl0sjdrh*df cf*kfs taf ojlf0irhfktfc

diooukht vhj taf cfjtas i dfrtjhk daisfk ofk. Saf fdjd i taf sjdrh*df hsoj4hojlh,fc! ht $iulc sffo! $afk taf daisfk vhdtho hs

(frdfhvfc js (frfdt.Gliic sjdrh!df jkc taf kjthik3 >fvhshthk` dhvhl rflh`hik

jrilyk Ojrvhk. /jvhc k`fl

Cfjta jt taf Guhlchk` Thtf5 Dikstrudthik Tjdrhnhdf hk Tiutafjst Jshj

Wigfrt Pfsshk` jkc Wiy F. ircjjk

Si suoojrh,f! )rfj&hk# taf sihl ir jk )uhlchk# (ri6fdt! $aftafr tahs hs j sho(lf c$fllhk#! jvhllj#f! ir j (jljdf! rfuhrfs taf (frohsshik jkc dii(frjthik i taf s(hrhts taiu#at ti i$k



12/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.taf ljkc hk ufsthik. Safsf s(hrhts oust )f j((fjsfc ir taf j##rjvjthik djusfc tafo! sitajt ohkhojll taf $hll kit triu)lf taf (fi(lf jkc hk taf oist jvirj)lf dhrduostjkdfs $hlldii(frjtf jdthvfl hk taf vfkturf. (jrt i taf 8dulturjl dikstrudthik i stjtf (i$fr8 ik taf(jrt i taf rulfr hs ahs f4dlushvf jddfss ti auojk sjdrh*df

Saf sjdrh*df hs #hvhk# u( sioftahk# jt j dist. Sahs hs hkchdjtfc hk chdthikjrfuhvjlfkts0tajt sjdrh*df ofjks 'taf liss fktjhlfc ) cfvithik ti siof itafr hktfrfst'!

ir 'taf cfstrudthik ir surrfkcfr i sioftahk# vjlufc ir cfshrfc ir taf sj&f i sioftahk#ajvhk# j ah#afr ir oirf (rfsshk# dljho'.

!nnfrhk` jkc Tjdrhnhdf5 "riglf#s in !r`jkh$jthik

Wjy#ikc %hrta

5taf lhkb gft$ffk taf pfrdfpthglf jkc taf trjksdfkcfktjl52. ik ausgjkcry jkc pjstirjl pfiplfs. ik djttlf jkc taf gliic hk hts vfhks.

KSaf (rjdthdf i sfl0ljdfrjthik! i )fhk# (rf(jrfc ti infr u( tafhr i$k )liic!$js diooik ti taf ,fjlius i )ita Of4hdi jkc /aifkhdhj.I

Ejofs Gjhly"


13/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.sstfojthd j#rhdulturf jkc taf ciofsthdjthik i jkhojls )ut jlsi ir oftjllur# jkc oushd.f hs vhkchdjtfc ahstirhdjll fvfk $ahlf dikcfokfc oirjll.

Saf dht hs cf(hdtfc js taf rfsult i sidhjl dikAhdt )ft$ffk Djhk jkc J)fl5 Saf trhuo(a isfttlfc j#rhdulturf oj&fs (issh)lf taf dht. Saf ahktfrljkc hs dilikh,fc ti #fkfrjtf tafsur(lus tajt )uhlcs taf dht jkc oj&fs dulturf. 8]hllhk#8 J)fl hs kit ikf jdt hk thof )ut jahstirhdjl (ridfss hk $ahda Djhk )uhlcs j sfttlfofkt ) jdahfvhk# ciohkjkdf ivfr kiojchdlhf. Djhk jkc ahs afhrs jrf #hvfk drfcht kit ikl ir sstfojthd j#rhdulturf jkc tafciofsthdjthik i jkhojls )ut jlsi ir oftjllur# jkc oushd. f hs vhkchdjtfc ahstirhdjllfvfk $ahlf dikcfokfc oirjll0 Saf rjtrhdhcf oj&fs (issh)lf taf f4(jkshik i taf ojr&ftjkc taf #ri$ta i dhthfs ik taf dijst. Hk j oicfrkh,hk# diuktr! $ai J)fl hs sahts $hta tafcfvfli(ofkt i (ricudthvf irdfs jkc dljssfs! )ut jl$js Djhk hs taf f4fo(ljr i joicfrkh,hk# dljss j#jhkst $ajt hs rf(rfsfktfc ) J)fl. Js j stir i oicfrkh,jthik hkahstirhdjl thof! taf %h)lhdjl tjlf sjs tajt j##rfsshik hs kfdfssjr j#jhkst $ajt hs #hvfk jkctrjchthikjl! hk ircfr ti drfjtf0cjrf $f sj ht+0(ri#rfss.

%fir`f O. 'aulojkSaf oyta in jhk. 0rjtrhdhcf" hty Guhlchk`" jkc ]ilhthdsHt hs ki dihkdhcfkdf tajt jkdhfkt =rff&! taf ljk#uj#f i j (fi(lf lhvhk# hk dht0stjtfs! hs tafftoili#hdjl siurdf i iur $irc 8(ilhthds.8 Zr)jklhf jkc (ilhthds rfjll ci ajvf (riiukc jkcfssfkthjl dikkfdthiks. %ita dikdfrk chvfrsf strjk#frs $ai lhvf ti#ftafr hk dlisf (ri4hohtjkc oust jsahik j diooik $irlc iut i tafhr chvfrsht. Jrhstitlf's dljho tajt kfhtafr )fjstskir #ics lhvf hk taf (ilhs! $ahlf ojk hs j 8(ilhs jkhojl!8 su##fsts j urtafr dikkfdthik.Nafrfjs )fjsts jkc #ics jrf irfvfr taf sjof jkc sudhfkt! auojks jrf uk*khsafcdrfjturfs! $aisf kjturf ht oust )f ti $ir& ik tafosflvfs! fvfk hk dfrtjhk $js ti drfjtftafosflvfs.

Jt taf riit in urgjkDhstC dflfgrjthik jkc pjstirjl ljofkt hs taf drhof in nrjtrhdhcf"$ahda oyta tflls us hs taf irh`hk in taf dhty jkc pilhthds.

Ht hs taf #fkfrjl hktfkthik i tahs fssj ti f4(lirf taf ofjkhk# i taf ota i rjtrhdhcf irdhthfs jkc (ilhthds ) idushk# ik taf stir tilc hk =fkfshs i Djhk! $ai iukcfc taf *rst dhtjtfr af ourcfrfc J)fl jkc $js f4hlfc ) =ic ti taf $hlcfrkfss.

Saf stir i Djhk ikl oj&fs sfksf $afk $f jttfkc ti ai$ ahs jttjdaofkt ti ahs oitafrjkc #riukc jnfdts ahs rfljthiks jkc drhof! ahs (ukhsaofkt! f4hlf! jkc dht )uhlchk#. J *rstvhf$ su##fsts tajt Djhk $jkts taf fjrta jkc afr ruhts fkthrfl ti ahosfl! jkc rfsfktsajvhk# ti sajrf $hta =ic! jkc ljtfr $hta J)fl. Ht oj tafk sffo tajt af rfsfkts taf jtafrjkc &hlls taf )ritafr hk taf jktjs tajt af diulc fk6i taf fjrta jll ti ahosfl uda jttjdaofkts 6fi(jrch,f taf rffcio i s(hrhtso)ilh,fc hk J)fl's oi)hlht jkc #fkfrisht Saus! =ic (rffrs J)fl! tajt ukjttjdafc i =ic j((fjrs jstaf jtafr $ai sf(jrjtfs ahs dahlcrfk rio taf oitafr! rio hkjkthlf cf(fkcfkdf jkckjturf $irsah(! ti #riukc j kf$ jutikio hk rfvfrfkdf ir taf jtafr jkc taf (rhkdh(lf irffcio af rf(rfsfkts. Jkc hsk't $ajt oj&fs us #ri$ u( itfk f4(frhfkdfc js (ukhsaofkt+



14/52






jt taf riit i ur)jkhst dflf)rjthikjkc (jstirjl ljofkt hs taf drhof i rjtrhdhcf! $ahda otatflls us hs taf irh#hk i taf dht jkc (ilhthds. taf ota i djhk5

rjtrhdhcf! dht )uhlchk#! jkc (ilhthds`fir`f o. saulojk

2 7jda pfrhic hk ahstiry" fjda rflh`hik jkc dulturf" ajs jccfc ti taf dillfdthvfdiksdhiuskfss in sjdrh!df. Jt taf sjof thof" gita taf jrdaftypf in sjdrh!df jkctaf suo in auojk fxpfrhfkdf rfojhkhk taf dillfdthvf ukdiksdhius ti fofr#f j#jhk jtjk thof. Saf dajllfk#f ir hkchvhcujl dhth,fks hk j #li)jl sidhft hs ti ailc taf sfvfrjlvfrshiks i sjdrh*df tajt oj )f i(frjthk# shoultjkfiusl $htahk durrfkt fvfkts ir jsdulturfs dljsa.Ojrtaj Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.

/hsdiursfs ik 4hvy gy Ojdahjvfllh

Ht $js taf rflh#hik tajt f4jdtfc j )liic sjdrh*df tajt ojcf taf Wiojks i (j#jk thofs

strik# jkc tajt hkvfstfc tafo $hta tafhr dajrjdtfr i dikufrirs jkc rulfrs. Ojdahjvfllh

sjs5 8Nafk H ofchtjtfc ik taf rfjsik $a (fi(lf $frf oirf hk livf $hta rffcio hk taisf

jkdhfkt thofs tajk taf jrf ki$! H sj$ ht $js )fdjusf taf ajvf #ri$k $fj&fr ki$ tajk

irofrl! $ahda hs j rfsult i taf chnfrfkdf hk fcudjthik! tahs j#jhk )fhk# )jsfc ik taf

chnfrfkdf i tafhr rflh#hik rio iurs... Sahs oj )f sffk rio ojk i tafhr hksthtuthiks!

diukthk# *rst joik# tafo taf oj#kh*dfkdf i tafhr sjdrh*dfs js dio(jrfc $hta iurs.

Safrf hs oirf cflhdjd tajk s(lfkciur hk iur chs(lj! jkc ki fridhius ir 6u)hljkt jdthik

$ajtsifvfr. Safrf $js ki ljd& i chs(lj tafk! kir ljd& i oj#kh*dfkdf hk tafhr dfrfoikhfs!

)ut jccfc ti ht $js taf jdthik i taf sjdrh*df ull i )liic jkc fridht! $afrf j oulthtucf i

jkhojls $frf slju#atfrfc7 $ahda sh#at! )fhk# si tfrrh)lf! ojcf ojk )fajvf lh&f$hsf.8'/hsdiursfs ik 4hvy gy Ojdahjvfllh. Saf ljdb in gliic sjdrh!df hk oicfrk thof.


15/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.(fkcrhb 'pruyt.ksthtuthikjl sflfdthik hk hktfrkjthikjl rfljthiks3 stjtf jkjrday js ircfr. Jt taf fkc i taf fucjl frj! j crjojthd fdikiohd dajk#f iddurrfc. idjlh,fc )jrtfrf4dajk#f stjrtfc ti #hvf $j ti oikftjr f4dajk#f jkc trjkslidjl trjcf. % taf )f#hkkhk#

i taf iurtffkta dfktur! j vjrhft i kf$ hksthtuthikjl iros ajc fofr#fc ir ir#jkh,hk#(ilhthdjl jkc fdikiohd lhf. >ivfrfh#k tfrrhtirhjl stjtfs! dht0lfj#ufs! jkc dht0stjtfs jll trhfcti tj( hkti taf kf$ siurdfs i fdikiohd $fjlta! (jrthduljrl lik#0chstjkdf trjcf. Hkcffc! tafdht0)jsfc (ilhthdjl ir#jkh,jthiks hkhthjll chc vfr $fll. Hk taf lik# ruk! ai$fvfr" riu#al )taf ohcclf i taf sfvfktffkta dfktur! dht0stjtfs jkc dht0lfj#ufs ajc jllfk ) taf$jshcf. ai$ sivfrfh#k tfrrhtirhjl stjtfs chs(ljdfc tafhr diktfo(irjr rhvjls. H jr#uf tajttaf sivfrfh#k tfrrhtirhjl stjtf (rfvjhlfc )fdjusf ht (rivfc oirf fnfdthvf jt (rfvfkthk#cffdthik ) hts ofo)frs! rfcudhk# hktfrkjl trjksjdthik dists! jkc oj&hk# drfch)lfdioohtofkts ti itafr ukhts. Ht chc tahs hk tarff $js. ?hrst! sivfrfh#k rulfrs $frf )fttfr jtdfktrjlh,hk# 6urhschdthik jkc jutairht.'

Saf fucjl frj5 lidjl trjcf jkc )jrtfr f4dajk#f ?fucjlhso fssfkthjll fktjhlfc cfdfktrjlh,fc(ilhthdjl jutairht! (rhvjtf (issfsshik i taf ofjks i vhilfkdf! jkc taf ljd& i jkchsthkdthik )ft$ffk (u)lhd jkc (rhvjtf jutairht.23 Saisf (ilhthdjl jdtirs drfjtfc jkfkvhrikofkt tajt #rfjtl ahkcfrfc dioofrdf. Nahlf #iics $frf (ricudfc (rhojrhl ir lidjldiksuo(thik jkc f4dajk#f $js ljr#fl hk0&hkc! tahs (isfc f$ (ri)lfos. Saf ljtf ofchfvjlf4(jkshik i trjchk# i((irtukhthfs! ai$fvfr! kfdfsshtjtfc siof hksthtuthikjl dajk#fs. Saffucjl )jrrhfrs ti trjcf $frf vjrhfc. ?hrst! fucjl ir#jkh,jthik ljd&fc taf j)silutf f4dlushiktajt $f jttjda ti (rhvjtf (ri(frt. Hkstfjc! dikthkufc (issfsshik ivfr thof! sfhshk!fstj)lhsafc taf lf#hthojd i taf ailcfr. >hkdf (ricudthik dikshstfc ojhkl i j#rhdulturjldiooichthfs tajt $frf trjcfc ) )jrtfr jkc itfk tii& (ljdf hk taf diktf4t i rfdh(ridjlfucjl rfljthiks! tahs $js j $ir&j)lf siluthik. ilchk#s $frf fo)fccfc hk j sstfo ioutujl 23.

i)lh#jthiks! jkc taus ikf diulc kit fjshl dikvf jk f4dlushvf rh#at ti j tahrc (jrt.2B>fdikc! #hvfk tajt oikf $js sdjrdf! fucjl i)lh#jthiks i kfdfssht rfvilvfc jriukc hk0&hkc trjksfrs.2G Hkcffc! taf vfr )jshs i fucjl ir#jkh,jthik $js dfktfrfc jriukc taf

#rjkthk# i ljkc ) j ah#a lirc ir &hk# ti j lfssfr vjssjl. ircs ir &kh#ats i taf ojkircfojkcfc hk0&hkc #iics jkc sfrvhdfs rio taf (fjsjkts jkc sfrs $ai $ir&fc taf ljkcs! hkf4dajk#f ir $ahda taf $frf #rjktfc (ritfdthik. Jll suda rfljthiks $frf ah#al (frsikjlh,fcjkc diktf4t0s(fdh*d. Saf lf#jl sstfo urtafr ahkcfrfc dioofrdhjl trjksjdthiks. ?fucjlhsofvilvfc hkti j sstfo i (rffrfkthjl )hrta jkc i(frjtfc js j dlisfc djstf sstfo jvirhk#taf $jrrhir jrhstidrjd.2@


16/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.taf oitafr.


Saf lf#jl ir dioofrdhjl js(fdts i taf rfljthiks fofr#f. Saf ilc Wiojk rflh#hik $js i tahst(f. 8Saf #ics dikriktfc ojk 6ust js j drfchtir dikriktfc ahs cf)tir7 fjda i tafo ajc jcul jduhrfc rh#at ti dfrtjhk (frirojkdfs jkc (jofkts7 8 ir! j#jhk5 8'Saf #ics $frf(jrtkfrs hk j diktrjdt $hta tafhr $irsah(frs.82 Dio(fksjthik ir jnrikts dioohttfc $jsojcf ) sjdrh*df! $ahda! js %jrhk# =iulc sjs! 8hs hk rflh#hik $ajt ouldt hs hk lj$.83




fssfkthjll Djudjshjk irh#hks! hktrhkshdjll chnfrfkt rio jkc su(frhir ti taf '1f#rifs iJrhdj'.8


Hk taf :;ta dfktur! js jk j((lhdjthik i sdhfkth*d rjdhso!taf 8(johthd rjdf8 )fdjof j

su)0#riu( i taf Djudjshjk rjdf! jlik#shcf taf >fohthd rjdf! #riu(hk# taf kik0>fohthd

(i(uljthiks kjthvf ti 1irta Jrhdj! taf irk i Jrhdjjkc >iuta Jrj)hj! hkdluchk# taf Jkdhfkt

F#(thjks.Saf (johthd tafirysu##fstfc tajt tahs 8johtf rjdf8 $js su(frhir ti ir oirf

jcvjkdfc tajk 1f#rihc(i(uljthiks i >u)0>jajrjk Jrhdj. Hk hts oist f4trfof iro! hk taf

$rhthk#s i D. =. >flh#ojk! ht jssfrtfc tajt jll sh#kh*djkt jdahfvfofkts hk Jrhdjk ahstir$frf taf $ir& i 8johtfs8 $ai oh#rjtfc hkti dfktrjl Jrhdj js (jstirjlhsts! )rhk#hk#

tfdakili#hfs jkc dhvhlh,hk# s&hlls $hta tafo. Safirfthdjl oicfls i johthd ljk#uj#fs jkc i

johthd rjdfs $frf hktfrlhk&fc hk taf fjrl t$fkthfta dfktur.

Hk :;:! Djrl Ofhkai(u)lhsafc Chf Tprjdafk Cfr Ajohtfk


17/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst. ik ausgjkcry" dajrtfrs jkc dhty stjtfs"

taf ojkj`fofkt jkc diktril in kjturjl rfsiurdfs"ik taf tafiry in sjdrh!df jkc rfk+ `hrjrc,s ohofthd cfshrf"

ik pripfrty" i$kfrsahp jkc sljvfry jkc $ai taf ajohthds jrf

jkc $ay tafy !rst i$kfc djttlf" jkc ai$ diof tafy jrftaf jkdfstirs in jll auojks.

(fkcrhb 'pruyt.ksthtuthikjl sflfdthik hk hktfrkjthikjl rfljthiks3 stjtf jkjrday js ircfr.Ht hs taus j ohstj&f ti jr#uf tajt sivfrfh#k tfrrhtirhjl stjtfs su((ljktfc fucjl ir#jkh,jthikhk j lhkfjr jkc sfufkthjl $j. Jll tarff hksthtuthikjl jrrjk#fofkts0dht0lfj#uf! dht0stjtf!jkc sivfrfh#k tfrrhtirhjl stjtf0diulc oi)hlh,f oirf rfsiurdfs tajk diulc trjchthikjl fucjlir#jkh,jthik. Saf ufsthik hs kit $a tfrrhtirhjl stjtfs rf(ljdfc fucjlhso )ut $a tafulthojtfl ojkj#fc ti chs(ljdf tafhr diktfo(irjr dio(fthtirs.

Dio(fththvfl! ai$fvfr! taf dht0stjtfs sunfrfc rio siof i taf sjof (ri)lfos js taf

lfj#ufs! hk tajt taf ljd&fc hktfrkjl ukht jkc diksfufktl $frf sli$ hk rjthikjlh,hk# tafhrfdikiohfs. Nahlf taf irojll chc kit diof ti jk fkc ukthl tafhr hkdir(irjthik )1j(ilfik! tafhr cfdlhkf ajc )f#uk ouda fjrlhfr. %fdjusf sivfrfh#k tfrrhtirhjl stjtfs $frfdio(fththvfl oirf suddfssul! hkchvhcujls turkfc ti taisf hksthtuthikjl oicfls irhks(hrjthik.

0rigfkhus chvhcfs taf pfiplfs in )fst Jnrhdj Djkc hkcffc in Jnrhdj js j $ailfChkti 5(johtfs5 Dh.f. stjtf#nirohk` pfiplfsC jkc 57tahiphjks5 Dkik#stjtf#nirohk`

pfiplfsC.

8(hrtfkbrhf`frtafirhf8 taf afrchk# $jrrhirs a(itafshs.>tjtfs $frf iukcfc hk stf((fs! taf kjturjl fkvhrikofkt i $jrlh&f afrchk# ofk.

0rhfcrhda >jt6fl

)ai jrf taf (johtfs* Saf stjtf#nirohk` pfiplfsjkc $ai jrf taf 57tahiphjks5" taf kik#stjtf#nirohk` pfiplfs* )ai jrf taisfhk $aisf gliic ht hs ti i$k djttlf* )ai $frf 'afpafrc 1hk`s $ai dilikh6fcJ7`ypt hk taf cjys $afk J7`ypt $js j diliky inJ7tahiphj*

Saf sjdrh*df hs #hvhk# u( sioftahk# jt j dist. Sahs hs hkchdjtfc hk chdthikjrfuhvjlfkts0tajt sjdrh*df ofjks 'taf liss fktjhlfc ) cfvithik ti siof itafr hktfrfst'!

ir 'taf cfstrudthik ir surrfkcfr i sioftahk# vjlufc ir cfshrfc ir taf sj&f i sioftahk#

ajvhk# j ah#afr ir oirf (rfsshk# dljho'.!nnfrhk` jkc Tjdrhnhdf5 "riglf#s in !r`jkh$jthik

Wjy#ikc %hrta

K Saf /aifkhdhjks jkc Djrtaj#hkhjks #jvf u( tafhr dahlcrfk )fdjusftafsf $frf tafhr cfjrfst trfjsurfs! jkc afkdf taf cfvithk# i tafo $js oist lh&fl ti



18/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.sfdurf chvhkf jvir.8 >hohljr f4(ljkjthiks i taf sjof rhtf ) =rff& jkc Wiojk$rhtfrs oj&f ht dlfjr tajt suda $js taf kithik aflc hk dljsshdjl jkthuht.

ktfkcfc sjdrh!df jkc rfsiurdf dikstrjhkts.:n 'jdrh!df. :n ]rhoirchjl cfojkc jkc supply" ksurjkdf jkc ]ri!t jkc 4iss.

Jlsi hcfkth!djthik" sugsthtuthik jkc cftfrohkhk` f-uhvjlfkdfs hk gjrtfrhk`.

S. :. Gfhcflojk. Saf :x jkc 8ufr 'jdrh!df3'iof 0rfuchjk (ypitafsfs Jgiut 8ufr 'yogilhso.Nafk 1ufr #hvf tafhr djttlf hk sjdrh*df taf jrf vfr ouda! jkc hk j vfr hkthojtf $j!#hvhk# (jrt i tafosflvfs. Najt taf surrfkcfr jrf lhvhk# drfjturfs! #hts oirf f4(rfsshvf itaf sfl jkc $hta j dlisfr rfsfo)ljkdf ti ht tajk hkjkhojtf tahk#s! jkc tafsf lhvhk# drfjturfsjrf taf oist (rfdhius i tafhr (issfsshiks! si ouda si tajt taf oj )f sjhc ti (jrthdh(jtfhk tafo ti taf (ihkt i hcfkth*djthik. %ut ht hs kit ikl hk tahs rjtafr #fkfrjl sfksf ihcfkth*djthik i ofk $hta djttlf tajt 1ufr djk )f sjhc ti infr u( tafosflvfs hk infrhk# u(tafhr djttlf hk sjdrh*df.

Nafk! tafrfirf! $f sff& ti fsthojtf $ajt tafhr djttlf jrf ti 1ufr jkc ai$ taf sff tafo!ht $iulc )f jtjl kit ti rfdi#kh,f tajt joik# itafr tahk#s taf jrf taf ofjks ) $ahda ofkdjk fktfr hkti diooukhdjthik $hta %ic jkc igtjhk gy prjyfr jkc sjdrh!df tajtchvhkf jhc $htaiut $ahda tafy jrf aflplfss" jkc fspfdhjlly jkc ik jlldrhthdjliddjshiks ) sjdrh*df7 ir! js ?jtafr Drj,,iljrj (uts ht! djttlf iro 'taf lhk& )ft$ffk taf(frdf(th)lf jkc taf trjksdfkcfktjl' .

hs djttlf! hk ul*llhk# tahs rilf! sahflc j ojk jkc ahs johl rio chsjstfr! jkc af dikdfhvfsi tafo jlsi dillfdthvfl js j afrc $ahda rio taf )f#hkkhk# i thof ajs afl(fc ahs jtafrs hkchstrfss! (frirohk# hk fjda #fkfrjthik taf sjof sjdrh*dhjl sfrvhdf.

Hk taf thof i taf jkdfstir i ahs dljk taf 'di$' #jvf afr lhf ir ahs sjlvjthikjkc si ht hs $hta ahs cfsdfkcjkts ticj jkc si ht $hll )f $hta tafhr cfsdfkcjkts tioirri$.Nafkdf s(rhk#s taf hcfkth*djthik i ojk $hta i4! i lhkfj#f $hta afrc!jkc i ofk $hta djttlf.

taf hcfjl fuhvjlfkdf hs (rfsfrvfc hk s(ffda. Saf #ijt ir saff( hs jk 'i4' hk tahs diktf4t)fdjusf ht tj&fs taf (ljdf i jk i4. =ic hs js&fc ti jddf(t ht js jk i4. Sahs hs jlsi taf djsffvfk $afk j ruht! j luo( i ti)jddi! j )fjc! ir siof itafr i)6fdt hs infrfc hk sjdrh*df. Safi)6fdt hs jl$js rffrrfc ti js j ' di$ '


19/52






Saf sjdrh*dhjl rilf hs jl$js cirojkt hk djttlf! $ahda hk sjdrh*df jrf )fhk# usfc ir jkircjhkfc (ur(isf ir $ahda taf jrf sft j(jrt7 jkc tafhr rflh#hius sh#kh*djkdf hs tafrfirfhktrhkshd jkc (rhojr. Sahs hs $a taf ru))hk# i jsafs ik jk i4's )jd& $ahlf uttfrhk# siof

sairt (rjfr ir hkvidjthik hs j rhtf $ahda djk jt jk thof )f (frirofc. Saf jkhojl hsjlrfjc cfsthkfc ir sjdrh*df. Saf sjdrh*dhjl shtujthik hs (rfsfkt! js ht $frf! hk taf jdt!taiu#a ki jdtujl sjdrh*df hs ojcf. taf sjdrh*dhjl shtujthik hs jl$js (rfsfkt hk (itfkthjlhtjkc hktfkthik jkc ht hs tahs $ahda oj&fs jll taf chnfrfkdf )ft$ffk taf ofktjlht i jkofrfl cjhr jkc stid&0jrohk# (fi(lf jkc taf djttlf0ofktjlht i taf 1ufr.

Jll taf #rfjt sidhjl iddjshiks i tafhr lhvfs jrf iddjshiks i sjdrh*df! jkc fvfr #rjvf cjk#frjkc ohsirtukf $ahda diofs tafhr $j hs oft $hta sjdrh*df7 jkc hk shd&kfss! fs(fdhjll! taflhvfs i tafhr i4fk stjkc )ft$ffk tafo jkc cfjta. Safhr sjlvjthik jt fvfr drhshs cf(fkcs iktaf sojll afrc $hta $ahda taf sajrf tafhr aiof. Nafk! tafrfirf! $f sff& ti fsthojtf $ajttafhr djttlf jrf ti 1ufr jkc ai$ taf sff tafo! ht $iulc )f jtjl kit ti rfdi#kh,f tajtjoik# itafr tahk#s taf jrf taf ofjks ) $ahda ofk djk fktfr hkti diooukhdjthik $hta%ic jkc igtjhk gy prjyfr jkc sjdrh!df tajt chvhkf jhc $htaiut $ahda tafy jrfaflplfss" jkc fspfdhjlly jkc ik jlldrhthdjl iddjshiks ) sjdrh*df7 ir! js ?jtafrDrj,,iljrj (uts ht! djttlf iro 'taf lhk& )ft$ffk taf (frdf(th)lf jkc taf trjksdfkcfktjl' .

hs djttlf! hk ul*llhk# tahs rilf! sahflc j ojk jkc ahs johl rio chsjstfr! jkc af dikdfhvfsi tafo jlsi dillfdthvfl js j afrc $ahda rio taf )f#hkkhk# i thof ajs afl(fc ahs jtafrs hkchstrfss! (frirohk# hk fjda #fkfrjthik taf sjof sjdrh*dhjl sfrvhdf.Hk taf thof i taf jkdfstir i ahs dljk taf 'di$' #jvf afr lhf ir ahs sjlvjthik jkc si ht hs $htaahs cfsdfkcjkts ticj jkc si ht $hll )f $hta tafhr cfsdfkcjkts tioirri$. Nafkdf s(rhk#staf hcfkth*djthik i ojk $hta i4! i lhkfj#f $hta afrc! jkc i ofk $hta djttlf+




fssfkthjll Djudjshjk irh#hks! hktrhkshdjll chnfrfkt rio jkc su(frhir ti

taf '1f#rifs i Jrhdj'.8

Saf *rst hkaj)htjkts i taf jrfj $frf taf S$j! auktfrs jkc #jtafrfrs. Safk djof taf utu$hta j#rhdulturf jkc liisf (ilhthdjl ir#jkh,jthiks hk taf iro i dljks jkc (ftt &hk#s. 1f4tdjof taf Sutsh! j su(frhirl hktfllh#fkt ohkirht s$ii(hk# hk rio Ftahi(hj jkc usur(hk# tafoj6irht. >iof sjhc ) infrhk# taf #rjkt i tafhr djttlf! itafrs sjhc ) tafhr fohkfkdf jlikf.

:n >$jkcj jkc %fkidhcf* Saf iuktry in j taiusjkc (hlls.

KNf djk sff Djudjshjk s&ulls jkc )fjuthul =rff& (ri*lfsshcf ) shcf $hta >fohthd jkc fvfk Ef$hsa fjturfs! flf#jkt #ilcfk0rfc )fjuthfshk taf afjrt i W$jkcj.I 0jtafr vjk cfk Gur`t

Ohdafllf@ajk`f.:r`:k (utu jkc Sutsh hcfkththfs. taf ;9AM (utu Ojkhnfsti.Ht cfojkcs cfoidrjd jkc rffcio rio taf i((rfsshvf rulf i taf Sutsh jrhstidrjd.Ht rffrs ti Sutsh rulf js dilikhjlhso! jk hcfj riitfc hk taf frrikfius johthd a(itafshstajt taf Sutsh djof rio Ftahi(hj jkc usur(fc taf utu oj6irht.



20/52






stjtfnirojtik jkc taf hoplhdjthik nir sjdrh!df 20rigfkhus chvhcfs taf pfiplfs in )fst Jnrhdj Djkc hkcffc in Jnrhdj js j $ailfC

hkti 5(johtfs5 Dh.f. stjtf#nirohk` pfiplfsC jkc 57tahiphjks5 Dkik#stjtf#nirohk`pfiplfsC.

8(hrtfkbrhf`frtafirhf8 taf afrchk# $jrrhirs a(itafshs.>tjtfs $frf iukcfc hk stf((fs! taf kjturjl fkvhrikofkt i $jrlh&f afrchk# ofk.

0rhfcrhda >jt6fl

"k taf itafr shcf! tafrf jrf ojk dljhos tajt taf utus jkc Sutshs $frf ikl chnfrfktsidhifdikiohd #riu(s. Hk jk f4tfkshvf rfsfjrda (ri6fdt ) uojk Wh#ats Njtda! Jlhsik Mfs?ir#fs! j ahstirhjk $aisf f4(frthsf hs W$jkcj! $ritf tajt taf tfros Sutsh jkc utu $frf)jsfc ik (fi(lfs $fjlta5


Saf *rst hkaj)htjkts i taf jrfj $frf taf S$j! auktfrs jkc #jtafrfrs. Safk djof taf utu$hta j#rhdulturf jkc liisf (ilhthdjl ir#jkh,jthiks hk taf iro i dljks jkc (ftt &hk#s. 1f4tdjof taf Sutsh! j su(frhirl hktfllh#fkt ohkirht s$ii(hk# hk rio Ftahi(hj jkc usur(hk# tafoj6irht. >iof sjhc ) infrhk# taf #rjkt i tafhr djttlf! itafrs sjhc ) tafhr fohkfkdf jlikf.Jkc *kjll! taf Furi(fjks! taf oist jcvjktj#fius ohkirht i tafo jll! fstj)lhsafc diktrilivfr jll taf itafrs. >u)sfufktl (jd&j#fc jkc cflhvfrfc ti taf ojssfs js jdt! taf(frvfrtfc (jst )jd&fc ) su)stjkthjl cjtj )fdjof taf jddf(tfc jddiukt i taf #ri$ta itaf kjthik. % dlfvfrl infrhk# u( j ahstir tajt iutlhkfc taf su(rfojd i taf Sutsh! )ita#riu(s cfvfli(fc j )flhf tajt Sutsh $frf sffohk#l $irtahfr $ahlf taf utu sho(l $frf kit


21/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.jtthrf. Sahs hk htsfl $js dik*rojthik ti Furi(fjks i j jhkt dikkfdthik $hta taf Wiojkdilikhfs i 1irta Jrhdj hkjh /fkhksulj! taiu#a siof sdailjrs'ajvf jssuofc tajt taf fktfrfc kirtafjstfrk Jrhdj ) drisshk# taf Wfc >fj rio siutafrkJrj)hj. >u((irt ir tahs jssuo(thik hs dljhofc hk taf (rfsfkt0cj iddurrfkdf i dfrtjhk lhttlf&ki$k djttlf (jstirjlhsts hk siutafrk Jrj)hj! $ai jrf vhf$fc js (issh)lf rfokjkts i(jstirjlhsts ikdf $hcfs(rfjc tafrf. Safsf jssuo(thiks ai$fvfr! jrf kit #fkfrjlljddf(tfc.

Najtfvfr tafhr irh#hks oj ajvf )ffk! $hta taf cfdrfjsf hk (rfdh(htjthik illi$hk# d j. B%.D. siof >jajrjk (jstirjlhsts jrf )flhfvfc ti ajvf oh#rjtfc siuta$jrc. Dljr& ajs jr#ufctajt ikl $hta taf cfshddjthik i taf >jajrj chc taf djttlf (jstirjlhsf fktfr taf irk! oistlh&fl siofthof jtfr %.D. >u##fsthiks jkc jr#uofkts ajvf )ffk jcvjkdfc tajt taf?uljkh i Nfst Jrhdj jkc vjrhius djttlf trh)fs i Fjst jkc >iuta Jrhdj' oj )f tafhrcfsdfkcjkts.



22/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.0rigfkhus chvhcfs taf pfiplfs in )fst Jnrhdj Djkc hkcffc in Jnrhdj js j $ailfChkti 5(johtfs5 Dh.f. stjtf#nirohk` pfiplfsC jkc 57tahiphjks5 Dkik#stjtf#nirohk`

pfiplfsC.





fssfkthjll Djudjshjk irh#hks! hktrhkshdjll chnfrfkt rio jkc su(frhir ti taf '1f#rifs iJrhdj'.8

/fvflipofkt in jtikhk` prjdthdfs hk jkdhfkt rflh`hiks.

%fir`f '. %iicspffc. Jtikfofkt hk kik#arhsthjk rflh`hiks.

Saf dajk#f rio kiojchd jkc (jstirjl lhf ti sfttlfofkt jkc taf (ursuht i j#rhdulturf! j

stj#f tariu#a $ahda jll jkdhfkt (fi(lfs (jssfc! ajc j shohljr fnfdt u(ik jtikhk# (rjdthdfs.

Saf cfht tfkcs ti )fdiof oirf jkc oirf taf lirc i taf ljkc7 jkc taf c$fllfrs u(ik ht!

$ahlf taf rftjhk tafhr diksdhiuskfss i ukht $hta aho! jrf lfc ti rfdi#kh,f taf (ricudts i

taf sihl jkc taf ruht i tafhr Aid&s jkc afrcs! jlik# $hta taf rjhk jkc suksahkf! js ahs

(fdulhjr (issfsshik! $ahda af #rjdhiusl )fsti$s u(ik ahs $irsah(frs. %ut siof rfturk hs ti

)f ojcf ir tafsf #hts! jkc $ajt oirf *tthk# tajk (irthiks i taisf tahk#s $ahda af ajsahosfl (rivhcfc+

jttlf Gfnirf rips. Ojrsajll jkc (hlcfgrjkc

Saf cfshrf ti sdafculf diksuo(thik i rfsiurdfs djk lfjc (fi(lf ti ojkh(uljtf (ljkts jkcjkhojls! jkc oj ajvf (rio(tfc ciofsthdjthik i Jrhdjk djttlf johc li$

jkc vjrhj)lf rjhkjll hk taf >jajrj curhk# taf fjrl ilidfkf. frchk# cfvfli(fc hkojr#hkjl fkvhrikofkts $afrf (rfchdtj)lf jddfss ti rfsiurdfs $js ho(irtjkt! jkc $afrf

oi)hlf jkhojls $frf lfss vulkfrj)lf tajk (ljkts ti lidjlh,fc!sairt0tfro criu#ats.

Hk Jrhdj! ai$fvfr! taf kffc ir sdafculfc diksuo(thik saj(fc taf cfvfli(ofkt i iic(ricudthik.Jrhdjk djttlf $frf ciofsthdjtfc curhk# taf tfkta ohllfkkhuo %/ ) cfljfc rfturk >jajrjkauktfr0#jtafrfrs hk ukstj)lf! ojr#hkjl fkvhrikofkts $afrf (rfchdtj)lf jddfss ti rfsiurdfs$js j oirf sh#kh*djkt (ri)lfo tajk j)silutf j)ukcjkdf. /jstirjlhso s(rfjc (jtdahl jdrisstaf dikthkfkt jddirchk# ti rf#hikjl vjrhjthiks hk taf rfljthvf (rfchdtj)hlht i afrchk# vfrsusaukthk# jkc #jtafrhk#.



23/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.Saf cfshrf ti sdafculf diksuo(thik i rfsiurdfs djk lfjc (fi(lf ti ojkh(uljtf (ljkts jkcjkhojls! jkc oj ajvf (rio(tfc ciofsthdjthik i Jrhdjk djttlf johc li$ jkc vjrhj)lfrjhkjll hk taf >jajrj curhk# taf fjrl ilidfkf. frchk# chc kit cfvfli( hk (rfchdtj)lj)ukcjkt jrfjs suda js taf 1hlf jllf! ir hk (rfchdtj)l ajrsa fkvhrikofkts suda js taf

ljtf /lfhstidfkf >jajrj. Wjtafr! ht cfvfli(fc hk ojr#hkjl fkvhrikofkts $afrf (rfchdtj)lfjddfss ti rfsiurdfs $js ho(irtjkt! jkc $afrf oi)hlf jkhojls $frf lfss vulkfrj)lf tajk(ljkts ti lidjlh,fc! sairt0tfro criu#ats. /rfrfuhshtfs ir lj)ir hkvfstofkt hk afrchk#hkdlucfc cfljfc0rfturk strjtf#hfs i aukthk# jkc #jtafrhk#! jkc dikdf(ts i i$kfrsah(.

Hk ojk jrfjs i taf $irlc! durrfkt tafirhfs ir j#rhdulturjl irh#hks fo(ajsh,f hflc js joj6ir dikdfrk curhk# hktfksh*djthik. Hk Jrhdj! ai$fvfr! taf kffc ir sdafculfc diksuo(thiksaj(fc taf cfvfli(ofkt i iic (ricudthik.Jrhdjk djttlf $frf ciofsthdjtfc curhk# taf tfkta ohllfkkhuo %/ ) cfljfc rfturk >jajrjkauktfr0#jtafrfrs hk ukstj)lf! ojr#hkjl fkvhrikofkts $afrf (rfchdtj)lf jddfss ti rfsiurdfs$js j oirf sh#kh*djkt (ri)lfo tajk j)silutf j)ukcjkdf. /jstirjlhso s(rfjc (jtdahl jdrisstaf dikthkfkt jddirchk# ti rf#hikjl vjrhjthiks hk taf rfljthvf (rfchdtj)hlht i afrchk# vfrsusaukthk# jkc #jtafrhk#. Miofsthdjthik i Jrhdjk (ljkts $js ljtf


24/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.(ulsfs! jkc lhvfstid& itfk s(rfjc js j (jd&j#f rio j (ihkt0irh#hk iojk opfrhjl ult /ilhthds i)vhiusl lhfs jt taf riit i rulfr dult! )ut ti ho(isf j chsthkdthik )ft$ffk (ilhthdsjkc rflh#hik! js hs dikvfkthikjll cikf! hs ti oj&f ht ho(issh)lf ti sff ai$ rulfr dultdikshstfc hk taf jddiooicjthik i (i$fr hk trjchthikjl rflh#hius tfros. J shohljr djsf ajs)ffk )rhllhjktl jr#ufc ) %urrhc#f js rf#jrcs taf si0djllfc djr#i dults! jkc h (i$fr hs )uhlthkti ikf's cf*khthik i rflh#hik! js %urrhc#f su##fsts! ht hs fjshfr ti sff taf dikthkuhthfsrjtafr tajk taf chsdikthkuhthfs )ft$ffk rulfr dult jkc taf trjchthikjl dult i taf #ics.'8

ik taf djttlf afrcfrs jkc taf safpafrc bhk`s.ik ausgjkcry" pripfrty jkc pissfsshik" taf ojkj`fofkt

jkc diktril in kjturjl rfsiurdfs" ik taf ahstiry in sivfrfh`kty"ik taf jofrhdjs" djrkhvjls jkc ojs-ufrjcfs" ik jrth!dhjl pfrsiks"

taf tafiry gfahkc hkdirpirjthik jkc ik kjthiks"jlsi i$kfrsahp jkc sljvfry.

Jll dfktrjlh,fc #ivfrkofkt jkc dulturjl jcvjkdfs hk su)0>jajrjk Jrhdj$frf jttrh)utfc ti tafsf johthd dikufrirs. Nafrf johthd ljk#uj#fs $frf kit s(i&fk!ht $js jr#ufc tajt johthd ivfrlircs ajc jci(tfc taf ljk#uj#fs i taf dikufrfc%jktu jkc tajt tafhr i$k s(ffda ajc chsj((fjrfc $htaiut j trjdf.

0rigfkhus chvhcfs taf pfiplfs in )fst Jnrhdj Djkc hkcffc in Jnrhdj js j $ailfChkti 5(johtfs5 Dh.f. stjtf#nirohk` pfiplfsC jkc 57tahiphjks5 Dkik#stjtf#nirohk`pfiplfsC.



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7chta 'jkcfrs. 'pHttfl. :k taf (johthd aypitafshsSaf irh`hk jkc njtf in taf 'jajrjk pjstirjlhsts rfojhk igsdurf.Ht hs kit &ki$k $aftafr tafhr jkdfstirs ciofsthdjtfc djttlf jkc cfvfli(fc tafhr iro ifdikio hk Jrhdj! ir $aftafr taf oh#rjtfc rio Jshj jlrfjc hk (issfsshik i j (jstirjl$j i lhf. H taf oh#rjtfc rio Jshj js (jstirjlhsts! ikf lh&fl riutf hs ) $j i taf >hkjh/fkhksulj! taiu#a siof sdailjrs' ajvf jssuofc tajt taf fktfrfc kirtafjstfrk Jrhdj )drisshk# taf Wfc >fj rio siutafrk Jrj)hj. >u((irt ir tahs jssuo(thik hs dljhofc hk taf(rfsfkt0cj iddurrfkdf i dfrtjhk lhttlf &ki$k djttlf (jstirjlhsts hk siutafrk Jrj)hj! $ai jrfvhf$fc js (issh)lf rfokjkts i (jstirjlhsts ikdf $hcfs(rfjc tafrf. Safsf jssuo(thiksai$fvfr! jrf kit #fkfrjll jddf(tfc.

Saf johthd a(itafshs )irk dikufrirs ivfrdiohk# sfttlfc rurjlir oukhdh(jl (i(uljthiks! taf johtfs irofc taf rulhk# jrhstidrjd hk taf stjtfs

jkc &hk#cios taf drfjtfc! suda js %u#jkcj jkc W$jkcj.%frojk ftakili`y jkc jkth#'fohthso3

Saf (johthd aypitafshs. Ohdajfl 'pittfl. Saf (johthd aypitafshs.

Saf :rh`hks in Jnrhdjk 1hk`cios.(frgfrt '. 4f$hs?hkjll! tafrf jrf sfvfrjl ho(irtjkt &hk#cios hk Jrhdj hk $ahda (fi(lf $hta j )hjs ir djttlfrulf j#rhdulturjlhsts. Safrf jrf kit ojk! )ut taf ajvf )ffk siurdfs i hks(hrjthik irdikufst tafirhsts rio Wjt,fl ik. Hk taf djsf i taf ?uljkh fo(hrf! ai$fvfr! $f &ki$ tajtstjtfs f4hstfc hk tafhr jrfj ir aukcrfcs i fjrs )firf tafsf (jrtl (jstirjl (fi(lf #jhkfcf4tfkshvf (ilhthdjl diktril ivfr j kuo)fr i &hk#cios


26/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.ik aus)jkcr! dajrtfrs jkc dht stjtfs!taf ojkj#fofkt jkc diktril i kjturjl rfsiurdfs!ik taf tafir i sjdrh*df jkc rfk- #hrjrcs ohofthd cfshrf!ik (ri(frt! i$kfrsah( jkc sljvfr jkc $ai taf ajohthds jrf

jkc $a taf i$kfc djttlf. jrf taf taf jkdfstirs i oicfrk auojks+$ajt tafk hs j #ic+ $ai jrf taf #icsjkc $ajt ci taf $jkt rio auojkht jkc dhvhlh,jthik+


Saf lf#jl ir dioofrdhjl js(fdts i taf rfljthiks fofr#f. Saf ilc Wiojk rflh#hik $js i tahst(f. 8Saf #ics dikriktfc ojk 6ust js j drfchtir dikriktfc ahs cf)tir7 fjda i tafo ajc jcul jduhrfc rh#at ti dfrtjhk (frirojkdfs jkc (jofkts7 8 ir! j#jhk5 8'Saf #ics $frf(jrtkfrs hk j diktrjdt $hta tafhr $irsah(frs.82 Dio(fksjthik ir jnrikts dioohttfc $jsojcf ) sjdrh*df! $ahda! js %jrhk# =iulc sjs! 8hs hk rflh#hik $ajt ouldt hs hk lj$.83

: . /rhojrhl taf slju#atfr i jk jkhojl js jk infrhk# ti =ic ir j cfht. 3. Saf cfstrudthik ir surrfkcfr i siof0 tahk# vjlufc ir cfshrfc ir taf sj&f i sioftahk#

ajvhk# j ah#afr ir oirf (rfsshk# dljho7 taf liss fktjhlfc ) cfvithik ti siof itafr hktfrfst!). j vhdtho. # :xnirc 7k`lhsa /hdthikjry

Saf dajllfk#f ir hkchvhcujl dhth,fks hk j #li)jl sidhft hs ti ailctaf sfvfrjl vfrshiks i sjdrh*df tajt oj )f i(frjthk# shoultjkfiusl$htahk durrfkt fvfkts ir js dulturfs dljsa.

Saf ho(irtjkt tahk# hs tahs5 Si )f j)lf jt jk oiofkt ti sjdrh*df$ajt $f jrf ir $ajt $f diulc )fdiof. Ll44vhh

Ki$ drufl jrf taf (ljkfts tajt stj tafrf jkc diks(hrf fvhl hk tafhr rj#f . . . taf (ljkfts diks(hrf hk rj#f j#jhkst us.I

J Ojkcjfjk tfxt.

Saf sfcudthik tafiry jkc taf `hnt in taf ìcs.)ai jrf taf ìcs jkc $ajt hs ht tafy $jkt nrio auojkhty.

8Saf #ics dikriktfc ojk 6ust js j drfchtirdikriktfc ahs cf)tir7 fjda i tafo ajc j cul jduhrfc rh#at ti dfrtjhk

(frirojkdfs jkc (jofkts7 8'Saf #ics $frf (jrtkfrs hk

j diktrjdt $hta tafhr $irsah(frs.8

$ajt hs pripfrty& $ajt hs ht ti i$k sioftahk` jkc $ay*$ai jrf taf ìcs jkc $ajt hs ht tafy $jkt nrio auojkhty*taf hcfj in i$kfrsahp $hta igefdts in sjdrh!df.



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ktfkcfc sjdrh!df jkc rfsiurdf dikstrjhkts.:n 'jdrh!df. :n ]rhoirchjl cfojkc jkc supply" ksurjkdf jkc ]ri!t jkc 4iss.

Jlsi hcfkth!djthik" sugsthtuthik jkc f-uhvjlfkdfs.

Saf ]ridfss in ivfkjkt. %ircik O. 0rffojkDivfkjkt hs j rfljthiksah(. Si ukcfrstjkc taf oithvjthik ir fktfrhk# j divfkjkt! ikf oustf4johkf $a (fi(lf sff& jk rfljthiksah(. Saf jks$fr sffos hrikhd5 ikf fktfrs jrfljthiksah( ti #ujrjktff survhvjl js j ofjkhk#ul (frsik.

:k :=frhk` jkc 'jdrh!df. Gy >jyoikc 0hrta "nfrhk# hk siof iro j((fjrs ti iddur hk kfjrl jll rflh#hius sstfos. Saf dustio ioj&hk# rflh#hius infrhk# hs (jrt i j vjst sfrhfs i jdthiks hkvilvhk# dikdf(thiks i trjksfri #iic ir sfrvhdf rio ikf (frsik ti jkitafr (frsik! ir ti j (utjthvf fktht! $htaiut chrfdtjkc hoofchjtf diuktfr0trjksfr i jk vhsh)lf fuhvjlfkt. Jk infrhk# hs j s(fdhfs i #ht. Sahs

ofjks5


28/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.flfofkt! h kit i cfstrudthik! jt lfjst i trjksirojthik ir trjksoutjthik i $ajt hssjdrh*dfc hs )jshd ti taf dikdf(t. Ht hs rfljtfc ti $ajt u)frt ^ Ojuss jkc itafrs ajvfrffrrfc ti js taf js(fdt i j)kf#jthik! taf cfkhjl i sioftahk# ti taf sfl! $ahda cifssffo ti )f hkvilvfc hk fvfr sjdrh*dhjl jdthik.

%ut dikshcfrhk# tajt sjdrh*df kirojll hkvilvfs taf usf i ojtfrhjl rfsiurdfs! itfkho(irtjkt ikfs! ai$ ouda rffrfkdf hs tafrf hk taf ilcfr ir hk taf oirf rfdfkt lhtfrjturf titaf ofjks i oi)hlh,hk# tafsf rfsiurdfs! ti taf sidhjl (ri)lfos (isfc ) taf (ridurf0 ofkti sjdrh*dfs jkc ti taf ho(lhdjthiks i taf siluthiks ir taf hcfili# i sjdrh*df htsfl+ Nafkhs taf cfdhshik ti oj&f j sjdrh*df ojcf+ Nahda jkhojl sajll )f sjdrh*dfc+ Safsf jrfukirtaici4 )ut rflfvjkt ufsthiks. Hk stuchfs i sjdrh*df! (rfiddu(jthik ajs )ffk $hta tafdikdrftf rhtujl (ridfcurfs jkc $hta taf ukcfrlhk# )flhfs7 taf ir#jkh,jthik i taf sjdrh*dfajs )ffk kf#lfdtfc

Wfdfkt stuchfs i Jrhdjk (fi(lfs! fo)ichk# sfvfrjl aukcrfc rffrfkdfs ti sjdrh*dfs! #hvfj #iic cfjl i hktfrfsthk# cjtj ik $ai (rivhcfs taf sjdrh*df jkc $ai jttfkcs ht! ti#ftafr$hta iddjshikjl hkirojthik j)iut t(fs jkc kuo)frs i )fjsts urkhsafc. %ut $afk ikfjs&s! $ajt ci taf sjdrh*dfs rf(rfsfkt hk tfros i (ri(irthikjtf liss ti taf (fi(lf $ai oj&ftafo+ tafrf hs ki jcfujtf jks$fr i)tjhkj)lf. Safsf riktjl (ri)lfos! taf crjhk u(ik tafi$kfr's rfsiurdfs $ahda taf sjdrh*df rf(rfsfkts! taf djlduljthiks hkvilvfc hk cfdhchk# $ajt(jrthduljr jkhojls jrf ti )f sjdrh*dfc jkc $afk! jkc taf rfljthik i taf sjdrh*dhjl jdthvhthfsti itafr fdikiohd jdthvhthfs! jrf ajrcl fvfr stuchfc. Sahs hs taf oirf kitj)lf )fdjusf! hktafir jt lfjst! taf kfdfssht ir suda djlduljthiks oj ajvf siof )fjrhk# u(ik taf dfktrjlhcfili# i taf sjdrh*dhjl jdt.%rhfA (ut! taf (ri)lfo oj )f f4(rfssfc hk tahs $j. Nafk (fi(lf jrf sjhc ti oj&fsjdrh*dfs! cifs tahs ofjk sho(l tajt taf &hll jkhojls rhtujll+ Najt hs taf rfljthik i $ajttaf sjdrh*df ti $ajt taf (issfss+ Najt liss ci taf sunfr+ i$ djk taf jnirc tahs liss+Najt sidhjl oivfofkts ci taf #i tariu#a hk ircfr ti )f j)lf ti oj&f sjdrh*dfs+ Hk djsf ihllkfss! ir f4jo(lf! ci taf oj&f sjdrh*dfs fvfk $afk taf djkkit 'jnirc' tafo+ i$ citaf ojkj#f hk suda fvfkt+ H taf djk jnirc sjdrh*dfs! $ajt hs taf rfljthik i rflh#hiuschdtjtf ti (frsikjl hkhthjthvf+ js tahs jktahk# ti ci $hta taf rfufkd jkc stlf i taf

sjdrh*dfs taf ci oj&f+ " diursf fvfk )jrf hkirojthik j)iut kuo)frs i jvjhlj)lf stid&jlli$s us ti oj&f siof hkfrfkdfs.

Sylir. Saf irh`hk in sjdrh!df.8Saf su((lhjkt $ai )i$s )firf ahs dahf! ljhk# j #ht jt ahs fft!jkc oj&hk# ahs auo)lf (fththik! chs(ljs taf jktari(ioir(ahd oicfl jkc irh#hkjt ikdf i sjdrh*df jkc (rjfr.8'

7. 7. 7vjks#]rhtdajrc. Saf Ofjkhk` in 'jdrh!df Joik` taf 8ufr

Nf saiulc rjtafr )f sff&hk# ir taf dirf! taf )jshd ofdajkhso! i jll sjdrh*dhjl jdts! jkctahs hs )fst cikf! iur jutairs tahk&! ) f4johkhk# siof t(hdjl f4jo(lfs! oistl taisfiukc hk >jksdrhthd jkc "lc Sfstjofkt tf4ts. Saf cf*kf sjdrh*df js 'j rflh#hius jdt $ahda!) taf diksfdrjthik i j vhdtho! oich*fs taf stjtf i taf oirjl (frsik $ai (friros ht ir idfrtjhk i)6fdts hk $ahda af hs hktfrfstfc'


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.?ir fr)frt >(fkdfr jdrh*dhjlhktfkthiks jrf tii oh4fc jkc vjrhj)lf ti (froht dljssh*djthik ) rffrfkdf ti tafo jlikf. Jsjdrh*df oj )f j #ht ir j diooukhik ir ht oj )f )ita! jkc tafsf ofjkhk#s oj )fdio)hkfc $hta ft itafrs7 jkc taf fo(ajshs vjrhfs rio rhtf ti rhtf jkc fvfk hk taf sjofrhtf. Nf saiulc rjtafr )f sff&hk# ir taf dirf! taf )jshd ofdajkhso! i jll sjdrh*dhjl jdts!jkc tahs hs )fst cikf! iur jutairs tahk&! ) f4johkhk# siof t(hdjl f4jo(lfs! oistl taisfiukc hk >jksdrhthd jkc "lc Sfstjofkt tf4ts. Saf cf*kf sjdrh*df js 'j rflh#hius jdt $ahda!) taf diksfdrjthik i j vhdtho! oich*fs taf stjtf i taf oirjl (frsik $ai (friros ht ir idfrtjhk i)6fdts hk $ahda af hs hktfrfstfc' htujl5 jkc >fsiurdf iktril hk fktrjl Justrjlhj

7. 7. 7vjks#]rhtdajrc. Saf Ofjkhk` in 'jdrh!df Joik` taf 8ufr. Ht hs jhrl diooik hk taf lhtfrjturf ti stjtf tajt sjdrh*dfs jrf (frirofc hk (ri(irthik titaf hssuf jt stj&f


30/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.j #ijt ir j duduo)fr j di$. Saf fo(ajshs hk taf *rst djsf hs ik taf rfdfhvhk#. Saf #aistsjrf Ajttfrfc ) taf su##fsthik tajt taf #hts ojcf ti tafo $iulc )f sojll tahk#s hk tafhrffs. Hk taf sfdikc djsf ht hs ik taf #hvhk#! ik taf shkdfrht i hktfkthik.

tafrf hs vjluf drfjtfc ir fstjglhsafc"j niro in durrfkdy fxdajk`f gurfju" taf diktjdt $hta taf `ics" taf sfcudthik

tafiry" taf `hnt $ahda bffps ik `hvhk` jkc nrio gliicsjdrh!df" sugsthtuthik $ahda

fk`fkcfrs vjluf drfjthik.

7. 7. 7vjks#]rhtdajrc. Saf Ofjkhk` in 'jdrh!df Joik` taf 8ufr.Jk f4dajk#f i #hts hs taus oirf tajk j rfdh(ridht hk tahk#s. Ht hs taf drfjthik jkcojhktfkjkdf i j rfljthiksah(. Nafk 1ufr #hvf tafhr djttlf hk sjdrh*df taf jrf vfr ouda!jkc hk j vfr hkthojtf $j! #hvhk# (jrt i tafosflvfs. Najt taf surrfkcfr jrf lhvhk#drfjturfs! #hts oirf f4(rfsshvf i taf sfl jkc $hta j dlisfr rfsfo)ljkdf ti ht tajkhkjkhojtf tahk#s! jkc tafsf lhvhk# drfjturfs jrf taf oist (rfdhius i tafhr (issfsshiks! siouda si tajt taf oj )f sjhc ti (jrthdh(jtf hk tafo ti taf (ihkt i hcfkth*djthik. %ut ht hskit ikl hk tahs rjtafr #fkfrjl sfksf i hcfkth*djthik i ofk $hta djttlf tajt 1ufr djk )fsjhc ti infr u( tafosflvfs hk infrhk# u( tafhr djttlf hk sjdrh*df. Nf ajvf sffk tajt ikf itaf dahf fjturfs i tafhr sjdrh*dfs hs taf ru))hk# i jsafs jlik# taf )jd&s i taf vhdthos. Hths truf tajt tahs oj )f rf#jrcfc js jk jdt i diksfdrjthik )ut ht hs jlsi! ti j #rfjtfr irlfssfr cf#rff! jk jdt i hcfkth*djthik.

/ahli


31/52





Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.4j vhilfkdf ft lf sjdr+ >fk+ %hrjrc.Fhilfkdf hs taf afjrt jkc sfdrft siul in taf sjdrfc.Sariu`a taf ofchuo in taf vhdtho,s cfjta" ojk oiofktjrhly gfdjof %ic" jkc%ic gfdjof ojk. Hk taf (rfsfkt stuc

i auojk sjdrh*df! taf dustio hs oirf itfk sffk ti )f kfhtafr j )rh)f ti taf #ics kir j)jht ti tafhr $irsah((frs )ut rjtafr jk jdt i j)kf#jthik! thk#fc $hta cfvithik. % tahs jdt jshk#lf vhdtho rjhsfc ti taf stjtus i taf cfht! sfrvfc ti )rhc#f taf #j( )ft$ffk taf #icsjkc ojk. Sariu#a taf ofchuo i taf vhdthos cfjta! ojk oiofktjrhl )fdjof =ic! jkc=ic )fdjof ojk. Saf rhtujl $iulc jlsisfrvf ki (ur(isf h ht $frf (jhklfss. Saf (rhdf i sjlvjthik! oiofktjr ir ftfrkjl! ajs tiah#a! ir hk ojks strhvhk# ti rhsf j)ivf ahosfl! ikl taf )liic i taf sunfrfr djk ir#f taflhk& tajt )hkcs aho ti =ic taf #ic af ajs drfjtfc hk ahs i$k hoj#f. trjksirojthik iojk hkti =ic tariu#a taf ofchuo i jkitafr ojk ajs )ffk siu#at ) jll (fi(lfs jt jllthofs ) ofjks i tafhr ojk rflh#hiks.

jt taf riit i ur)jkhst dflf)rjthik

jkc (jstirjl ljofkt hs taf drhof i rjtrhdhcf! $ahda otatflls us hs taf irh#hk i taf dht jkc (ilhthds. taf ota i djhk5

rjtrhdhcf! dht )uhlchk#! jkc (ilhthds`fir`f o. saulojk

Dihkdhcfkt $hta trjksirojthik rio kiojchd ti sfttlfc lhf $js taf (jssj#f rio taf trh)fti taf oirf stj)lf jkc dio(jdt kjthikjl ir#jkh,jthik $hta taf &hk# jt taf afjc i taf stjtf.Hk tahs shtujthik taf #ic tii& ik ahosfl taf dajrjdtfr i su(rfof jutairht! jkc taf$irsah(fr )fdjof ahs su)6fdt! (jhk# tajt trh)utf $ahda ahs lirc cfojkcfc! cihk# aioj#fti ahs afjvfkl rulfr js taf dikchthik i stjkchk# $fll $hta aho./fvflipofkt in jtikhk` prjdthdfs hk jkdhfkt rflh`hiks.%fir`f '. %iicspffc. Jtikfofkt hk kik#arhsthjk rflh`hiks.

Hk Jrhdj! ai$fvfr! taf kffc ir sdafculfc diksuo(thik saj(fc taf cfvfli(ofkt i iic(ricudthik.Jrhdjk djttlf $frf ciofsthdjtfc curhk# taf tfkta ohllfkkhuo %/ ) cfljfc rfturk >jajrjkauktfr0#jtafrfrs hk ukstj)lf! ojr#hkjl fkvhrikofkts $afrf (rfchdtj)lf jddfss ti rfsiurdfs$js j oirf sh#kh*djkt (ri)lfo tajk j)silutf j)ukcjkdf. /jstirjlhso s(rfjc (jtdahl jdrisstaf dikthkfkt jddirchk# ti rf#hikjl vjrhjthiks hk taf rfljthvf (rfchdtj)hlht i afrchk# vfrsusaukthk# jkc #jtafrhk#.

Saf cfshrf ti sdafculf diksuo(thik i rfsiurdfs djk lfjc (fi(lf ti ojkh(uljtf (ljkts jkcjkhojls! jkc oj ajvf (rio(tfc ciofsthdjthik i Jrhdjk djttlf johc li$ jkc vjrhj)lfrjhkjll hk taf >jajrj curhk# taf fjrl ilidfkf. frchk# chc kit cfvfli( hk (rfchdtj)lj)ukcjkt jrfjs suda js taf 1hlf jllf! ir hk (rfchdtj)l ajrsa fkvhrikofkts suda js taf

ljtf /lfhstidfkf >jajrj. Wjtafr! ht cfvfli(fc hk ojr#hkjl fkvhrikofkts $afrf (rfchdtj)lfjddfss ti rfsiurdfs $js ho(irtjkt! jkc $afrf oi)hlf jkhojls $frf lfss vulkfrj)lf tajk(ljkts ti lidjlh,fc! sairt0tfro criu#ats. /rfrfuhshtfs ir lj)ir hkvfstofkt hk afrchk#hkdlucfc cfljfc0rfturk strjtf#hfs i aukthk# jkc #jtafrhk#! jkc dikdf(ts i i$kfrsah(.


Saf dajk#f rio kiojchd jkc (jstirjl lhf ti sfttlfofkt jkc taf (ursuht i j#rhdulturf! jstj#f tariu#a $ahda jll jkdhfkt (fi(lfs (jssfc! ajc j shohljr fnfdt u(ik jtikhk# (rjdthdfs.J dulturf hk tahs rjof$ir& hs ukcfrstiic js j sstfo i chnfrfkdfs! j sft i chsthkdthiks ir rf#uljthk# fvfr js(fdti dulturjl lhf. Jkc taisf chsthkdthiks oj )f ukcfrstiic hk (ishthvf tfros js sjdrh*dhjl. 'jdrh!df" 'drhpturf" jkc'ugsthtuthik. Jstfll jkc %iicajrt


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.Saf cfht tfkcs ti )fdiof oirf jkc oirf taf lirc i taf ljkc7 jkc taf c$fllfrs u(ik ht!$ahlf taf rftjhk tafhr diksdhiuskfss i ukht $hta aho! jrf lfc ti rfdi#kh,f taf (ricudts itaf sihl jkc taf ruht i tafhr Aid&s jkc afrcs! jlik# $hta taf rjhk jkc suksahkf! js ahs(fdulhjr (issfsshik! $ahda af #rjdhiusl )fsti$s u(ik ahs $irsah(frs. %ut siof rfturk hs ti

)f ojcf ir tafsf #hts! jkc $ajt oirf *tthk# tajk (irthiks i taisf tahk#s $ahda af ajsahosfl (rivhcfc+ Nafk ahs (fi(lf diof ti taf sjkdtujr $hta tafhr infrhk#s! taisf i tafvf#ftj)lf &hkc jrf ajkcfc ivfr ti taf #ic js cuf aho! )ut hk taf djsf i taf jkhojls tafrhtujl i $irsah( hs suoofc u( hk taf sjdrh*dhjl ofjl! hk $ahda taf infrhk#s jrf rflh#hiuslfjtfk ) taf $irsah(frs )firf taf #ics.

. Jkitafr tafir! durrfkt jt taf thof! rfcudfc sjdrh*df! $aftafr auojk ir jkhojl!ti taf stjtus i j )rh)f ti taf #ics. Sahs vhf$ i taf auojk vhdtho js j ofrf diooicht!hooiljtfc hk f4dajk#f ir tjk#h)lf )fkf*ts! tj&fs lhttlf jddiukt i taf dio(lf4 lhk&s tajt)iukc aho )ita ti taf (rhfst $ai tii& ahs lhf jkc ti taf diooukht ir $ahdaaf chfc. 4j vhilfkdf ft lf sjdr+. >fk+ %hrjrc

Saf rflfvjkdf in sjdrh!df js sidhjl taiu`at jkc sidhjl jdthik.?ir h tafrf hs j shk#lf ofssj#f hk o )ii&! ht hs taf rflfvjkdf i sjdrh*df

js sidhjl taiu#at jkc sidhjl jdthik! su((irthk# taf oist fktrfkdafc js $fll js hkkivjthvfhksthtuthiks


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst./jrthdh(jkts hk )liic sjdrh*df rhtujls f4(frhfkdf j sfksf i j$f! cjk#fr! ir f4jltjthik)fdjusf taf jrf cjrhk# ti j((rijda taf #ics $ai drfjtf! sustjhk! jkc cfstri lhf. Oirjlf hs strfk#tafkfc ) taf rhtujl &hllhk# )fdjusf taf #riu( ajs htsfl (frirofc taf#iclh&f jdt i cfstrudthik jkc hs ki$ dj(j)lf i rfkf$hk# hts i$k f4hstfkdf. Saf ukcfrlhk#

(ahlisi(ahdjl jssuo(thik hs tajt lhf oust (jss tariu#a cfjta.

'jdrh!df jkc 'idhfty tafrf hs (frsujshvf fvhcfkdf tajt taf sjdrh*dhjl ho(ulsf ajs )ffk diooik tariu#aiutahstir jkc ajs (ljfc jk ho(irtjkt rilf hk sidhft.

Saf irh#hks i )liic sjdrh*df jrf list hk taf ohst i (rfahstir. 1fvfrtaflfss! hkfrfkdfs djk)f crj$k rio jrdajfili#hdjl rfsfjrda jkc rio taf (rjdthdfs jkc )flhfs i (fi(lf $aisfrhtujls dikthkufc hkti taf ahstirhdjl (frhic. Saf sjof sidhfthfs usujll (frirofc itafr t(fsi sjdrh*dfs js $fll! jk j((rivfc dio(ikfkt i sidhjl (ilhd.

uojk sjdrh*df $js dikshcfrfc si drudhjl j ofjsurf tajt ht (frshstfc ir siof thof fvfk hksidhfthfs tajt ajc )fdiof oirf dio(lf4 jkc si(ahsthdjtfc. ?ir f4jo(lf! taf (rjdthdf i

sjdrh*dhk# taf flcfst sik $js j sjlhfkt fjturf i Ofchtfrrjkfjk dults B! fjrs j#i jkcsthll j (i$frul tafof hk Eucjhso jkc fjrl Darhsthjkht. >jdrh*df $iulc )f tjofc sli$l jssidhfthfs cfvfli(fc oirf fnfdthvf $js ti ojkj#f tafhr kffcs jkc di(f $hta tafhrfkvhrikofkts.

%fir`f %iicspffc. Jtikfofkt hk kik#arhsthjk rflh`hiks.:k taf /fvflipofkt in jtikhk` prjdthdfs hk jkdhfkt rflh`hiks.J sfrhfs i sidhjl jkc (ilhthdjl dajk#fs jrf *rst ti )f kithdfc $ahda sthouljtfc jkcfo(ajsh,fc taf (rjdthdfs $ahda $f ajvf jssidhjtfc ukcfr taf *rst i tafsf (rhkdh(lfs! tafjtikfofkt i fjr. Saf #ri$ta i (ri(frt rh#ats iut i taf fjrlhfr diooukhso hs kit taflfjst joik# tafsf. i$ kithiks i (ri(frt hkAufkdfc tahs rhtujl ajs jlrfjc )ffk i)sfrvfc


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.ik (ri(frt! i$kfrsah( jkc sljvfr jkc $ai taf ajohthds jrfjkc $a taf i$kfc djttlf. jrf taf taf jkdfstirs i oicfrk auojks+

jt taf riit i ur)jkhst dflf)rjthikjkc (jstirjl ljofkt hs taf drhof i rjtrhdhcf! $ahda ota

tflls us hs taf irh#hk i taf dht jkc (ilhthds. taf ota i djhk5rjtrhdhcf! dht )uhlchk#! jkc (ilhthds

`fir`f o. saulojk

Mfvfli(ofkt i jtikhk# (rjdthdfs hk jkdhfkt rflh#hiks.%fir`f '. %iicspffc. Jtikfofkt hk kik#arhsthjk rflh`hiks


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.irchkjr stj(lf i auojk iic.8 : f jccs5 8Jll sjdrh*dfs $frf tj&fk ) taf jkdhfkts js)fhk# lhtfrjll taf iic i taf #ics.88! Safsf #hts oh#at tafrfirf )f fhtafr vf#ftj)lf irjkhojl! #rjhk ir Afsa. Saf ljttfr $frf oist diooik! )fdjusf Afsa! rf#jrcfc js taf oistcfshrj)lf auojk iic! $iulc kjturjll )f oist j#rffj)lf ti taf ah#afr (i$frs. Hkcffc!

/rifssir >hoik #ifs si jr js ti cfrhvf taf dustio i jkhojl sjdrh*df rio tahs riit $afkaf sjs5 8Saf (rhojr iddjshik i jkhojl sjdrh*dfs! jkc itafrs riitfc hk tafo! $js (ri)j)ltaf cfshrf ti #rjth taf #ics $hta taf )fst tajt ojk ahosfl fk6is.'8

%fir`f %iicspffc. Jtikfofkt hk kik#arhsthjk rflh`hiks.

Jrda)hsai( Oj#ff ajs dillfdtfc hk ahs Mhssfrtjthiks ik Jtikfofkt 8jk jrrj i jdtssai$hk# )fikc j ciu)t tajt auojk sjdrh*dfs hk jkthuht $frf $hcfl rf#jrcfc js tafoist (itfkt ofjks i (ri(hthjthk# jkinfkcfc cfht. Saf /aifkhdhjks jkc Djrtaj#hkhjks #jvf u( tafhr dahlcrfk )fdjusf tafsf$frf tafhr cfjrfst trfjsurfs! jkc afkdf taf cfvithk# i tafo $js oist lh&fl ti sfdurfchvhkf jvir.8 >hohljr f4(ljkjthiks i taf sjof rhtf ) =rff& jkc Wiojk $rhtfrs oj&f ht

dlfjr tajt suda $js taf kithik aflc hk dljsshdjl jkthuht.8 Jk f4df(thikjl fofr#fkd cfojkcfc j auojk vhdtho!8 )fdjusf suda j ikf $js taf )fstojk&hkc diulc infr. 8Saf jkdhfkt =frojks ljhc ht ci$k!8 sjs %rhktik! 8tajt hk thof ijohkf )fjsts saiulc *rst )f sljhk jkc infrfc ti taf #ics. Mhc tafsf )rhk# ki rflhf! tafkofk oust )f slju#atfrfc7 jkc h sthll tafrf $js ki jhc rio ik ah#a! tafk taf dahftjhk i taftrh)f ahosfl oust oiukt taf jltjr7 ir taf ki)lfr jkc cfjrfr taf vhdtho! taf oirf (lfjsfc$frf taf #ics 8 Jkc jddirchk#l $f jrf tilc tajt $afk hk Djrtaj#f sljvf )is $frfsu)sthtutfc ir taf dahlcrfk i taf ki)lfs hk taf infrhk#s ti taf #ics! taf cfhthfs $frf jk#rjkc )riu#at #rfjtfr $if u(ik taf stjtf. Saf cidtrhkf tajt sunfrhk# $js taf sh#k i jkc(ukhsaofkt ir 8 shk8 $js j diooik(ljdf i jkdhfkt rflh#hik.2

H )flhfvf tajt johltik's dljho tajt ht hs hk rflh#hik 'tajt taf *rst ahkts i trul 8fdikiohd8chnfrfkthjthik jrf ti )f iukc' flh#ojk jssfrtfc tajt taf 1f#ri rjdf $js fssfkthjll stjthd jkc j#rhdulturjl! )ut tajt taf$jkcfrhk# johthd 8(jstirjl Djudjshjks8 ajc hktricudfc oist i taf jcvjkdfc fjturfsiukc hk dfktrjl Jrhdjk dulturfs! hkdluchk# oftjl $ir&hk#! hrrh#jthik jkc dio(lf4 sidhjlstrudturfs.LL:

'jdrh!df js taf ciohkjkt hchio in sidhjl syktafshs.]ftfr %isf ik 'jdrh!df jkc taf iooichty 0iro hk taf Jkcfs.

Saf usf isjdrh*df js jk hoj#f i sidhjl diafshik jkc (i$fr hk Jkcfjk dulturf. Jltaiu#a sjdrh*df hski lik#fr jk idhjl (jrt i taf trh)utf i$fc ) (fjsjkts ti taf stjtf! js ht $js ukcfr taf

Hkdj fo(hrf! jkc cfs(htf taf hkdir(irjthik i taf Jkcfjk rf#hik hkti taf (frh(afr i $irlc

http://us.mg4.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#cite_note-edith-1http://us.mg4.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#cite_note-Rigby-9http://us.mg4.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#cite_note-edith-1http://us.mg4.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#cite_note-Rigby-9


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.dj(htjlhso! diooicht f4dajk#f ajs kit su((ljktfc

sjdrh*df js taf ciohkjkt hchio i sidhjl sktafshs.

?ir Jkcfjk dulturf! sjdrh*df hs j kfdfssjr diksfufkdf i (ricudthik! (ri(frt jkc (i$fr!

jkc jk ho(irtjkt hchio i sidhjl diafshik. Jk rfljthiksah( i trh)utf hkvilvfs sjdrh*df)fdjusf $fjlta hs kit jlhfkj)lf rio taf )ic! )ut j (jrt i hts vhtjlht. Saf sidhjl oicfl(rivhcfc ) Jkcfjk sjdrh*df f4hsts hk j oithvjtfc i((ishthik ti diooicht f4dajk#f. %cfkhk# jlhfk0 j)hlht! ht kf#jtfs j )jshd (rfohsf i (issfsshvf hkchvhcujlhso. Wjtafr tajkhkchvhcujtf (fi(lf jkc ofchjtf tafhr jssidhjthik tariu#a tahk#s! sjdrh*df cfhkchvhcujtfstariu#a taf jkkhahljthik i taf ofchjthk# i)6fdt. Hk tahs (rfdhsf hkvfrshik i taf diooichtiro! Jkcfjk dulturf cifs kit rfshst dj(htjlhso! )ut f4(rfssfs j (riiukc ahstirhdjlf4(frhfkdf i hts cjr& shcf. Sahs jrthdlf hs j)iut taf usf i sjdrh*df js jk hoj#f i sidhjldiafshik jkc (i$fr hk Jkcfjk dulturf. Jltaiu#a sjdrh*df hs ki lik#fr jk idhjl (jrt i taftrh)utf i$fc ) (fjsjkts ti taf stjtf! js ht $js ukcfr taf Hkdj fo(hrf! jkc cfs(htf tafhkdir(irjthik i taf Jkcfjk rf#hik hkti taf (frh(afr i $irlc dj(htjlhso! diooichtf4dajk#f ajs kit su((ljktfc sjdrh*df js taf ciohkjkt hchio i sidhjl sktafshs. "k tafdiktrjr! dj(htjlhst (fkftrjthik ajs jdtujll f4jdfr)jtfc taf sjdrh*dhjl li#hd i Jkcfjkdulturf! jkc tajt hs $ajt H hktfkc ti ciduofkt jkc f4(ljhk afrf. 1it ikl ci Jkcfjk(fjsjkts vhf$ tafhr i$k sidhft tariu#a sjdrh*df! )ut taf f4tfkc ht ti taf hkkfroist$ir&hk#s i dj(htjl! jkc tafhr rfljthik ti ht! ) ofjks i taf kj&j iof jddiukts fvfk (isf j tfjo i t$i! $afrf ikfhs )ljd& jkc taf itafr $ahtf! ir taf kj&j hs j drfjturf i cfjta jkc (iljrht.

Oikf taus diofs ti )f dlisfl jssidhjtfc $hta jkht! jkc lh&f taf hkvidjthiks i taf kik0&hk! hktricudfs lhf0irdf rio iutshcf taf aiusfailc. Saf (ihkt j)iut tahs oikf! ai$fvfr!hs tajt ht oust kit )f s(fkt! jkc hk taf djsf i taf jkthuf dihk! djkkit dhrduljtf! )ut rjtafrusfs hts (rfvhius dhrduljthik ahstir js j &hkc i oj#kft ti jttrjdt lhf irdf jkc itafr rhdafs


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.hkchvhcujls hk0 vilvfc. Sahs hs vhrtujll j (rfdhsf kf#jthik i diooicht fthsahso! $aisffkclfss rfh*fc ofchjthiks fksarhkf hkchvhcujlht jt taf f4(fksf i trjksdfkc0 fkdf. %itasjdrh*df jkc diooicht fthsahso rf(rfsfkt taf sfvfrfc ajlvfs i j chjlfdthd hk $ahdahkchvhcujlht oh#at )f fstj)lhsafc $htaiut )fdiohk# rh#hc! jkc trjksdfkcfc $htaiut

flhohkjthk# taf )ic! hts lhvfc0hk (ihkt i cf(jrturf. Saus $f ajvf ti jcoht tajt sjdrh*df $hlljl$js )f (rfsfkt $afrf tafrf hs diooicht fthsahso! fvfk h hts f4(rfsshik hs chs(ljdfc ti(frh(afrjl jrfjs suda js taf Jkcfs! jkc rfdi#khsf! tafrfirf! iur i$k (jrthdh(jthik hk tafsfoirf )jriuf oiofkts i Jkcfjk dulturf.

$ajt hs pripfrty jkc $ay*$ai jrf taf `ics jkc $ajt hs ht tafy $jkt nrio auojkhty*taf hcfj in i$kfrsahp $hta igefdts in sjdrh!df.taf cf!khthik in pripfrty.

j9 tajt taf tahk# #hvfk hs (frsikjl ti taf #hvfr! ahs i$k (ri(frt! ir sioftahk#

ivfr $ahda af ajs rh#ats i jlhfkjthik

Nf jrf tilc tajt taf Mhk&j (rffr hk tafir ti sjdrh*df strik# )fjsts


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Hk taf ftaki#rj(ahd rfdirc! rfljthvfl tahk hk tahs ojttfr js ht hs! tafrf jrf fkiu#a f4jo(lfsi taf (rucfkt ajkclhk# i rfsiurdfs ti sai$ tajt sjdrh*df cifs sffo ti )f j ojttfr isiof fdikiohd djlduljthik js $fll js rhtujl i)lh#jthik. =iicf


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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.)ut jccfc ti ht $js taf jdthik i taf sjdrh*df ull i )liic jkc fridht! $afrf j oulthtucf ijkhojls $frf slju#atfrfc7 $ahda sh#at! )fhk# si tfrrh)lf! ojcf ojk )fajvf lh&f$hsf.8'

KSaf (rjdthdf i sfl0ljdfrjthik! i )fhk# (rf(jrfc ti infr u( tafhr i$k )liic!$js diooik ti taf ,fjlius i )ita Of4hdi jkc /aifkhdhj.I

Ejofs Gjhly" igfrt 1jstfkgjuo. :k sjdrh!df. sjdrh*df hs j iro i diooukhdjthik $hta j cfht ir shohljr (ur(isfs. Saf $irc htsflofjks 8ti oj&f ail.8 .! sjdrh*dhjl infrhk#s hkdlucf i)6fdts i vjluf jkc so)ilhdsh#kh*djkdf tajt jrf #hvfk ti taf #ics ti fjrk tafhr jvir.

ik sjdrh!df" taf fdikiohd tfkfts 2

Sahs hs f4(rfssfc hk taf hcfj i fujthik ir hcfkth*djthik! jk fuhvjlfkdf )ft$ffk ofk jkcdjttlf7 jkctaf ikl (ljkf i sidhjl lhf ik $ahda tafrf hs jktahk# tajt djk )f djllfc fuhvjlfkdf hs tajtik $ahda ofk jkc djttlf jrf tahk#s i taf sjof ircfr! si tajt ikf djk )f su)sthtutfc ir tafitafr! kjofl! hk sjdrh*df. Hk ojrrhj#fs jkc hk sfttlfofkts ir aiohdhcf! hk $ahda djttlf jrf(jhc hk dio(fksjthik ir taf liss i j cju#atfr ir sik! taf ci kit stjkc hk taf (ljdf i tafcju#atfr ir sik. Ht hs ikl ik taf rflh#hius (ljkf! hk sjdrh*df! tajt tafrf hs hcfkth*djthik! ir!hk itafr $ircs! hk rfljthik ti =ic. taf oist diooik jkc t(hdjl sjdrh*dfs! $ajtfvfr flsftaf oj jlsi )f! jrf su)sthtuthiks i taf lhvfs i i4fk ir taf lhvfs i ofk. Sahs hs kit iklfvhcfkt hk $ajt 1ufr sj )ut hs hkchdjtfc jlsi hk taf rhtfs tafosflvfs! jkc fs(fdhjll hk tafrhtf i diksfdrjthik.

taf aipfnul

pilhthds in oiurkhk`.

tfkfts intaf hksthtuthik in sjdrh!df

hk trjcf" fdikiohds jkc itafr diktfopirjrytrjchthiks in dulturf



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Gljbf. ]sydaitafrjphst jkc Euk`hjk Jkjlyst.ik aus)jkcr! dajrtfrs jkc dht stjtfs!taf ojkj#fofkt

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