Template for the Storyboard stage

Title of the concept, subject. Name of the author

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Definitions of the keywords used in the animation 2

Turbine: Turbine is a mechanical device in which a part of it is made to rotate with fluid impingement may be water, Steam or gas. Here we will look at steam turbines.

High P, High T steam from boiler (high enthalpy,H1)

Low P, Low T steam tocondenser (low enthalpy,H2)

P=pressure T=Temperature

Steam Turbine

H=enthalpy(heat content)m’=mass flow rate of steam

Work done by turbine,WT=m’(H1-H2)

Boiler: Boiler is a stationary device to convert high pressure water to high pressure and high temperature steam and heat is provided for the purpose by burning of fuel.

Heat(Qb) from burning of fuel

High pressure water from pumpEnthalpy =H4

High pressure & high Temperature steam to turbineEnthalpy=H1

boilerCv=calorific value of fuel employedMf= rate of mass consumption of fuelHeat addition rate, Qb =mf*Cv

Condenser: Condenser is a stationary mechanical apparatus meant for converting low pressure steam to saturated water.

condenser

Cooling Water in

Cooling Water out

Low P & low T steam from turbine (enthalpy=H2)

Saturated water at condenser Pressure to pumpEnthalpy = H3

Heat rejection rate at condenser or heat added to cooling water,Qc=m’*(H2-H3)

Pump: pump is a mechanical device used to increase pressure of the fluid at the same temperature.

Low pressure fluid at temperature T from condenserat enthalpy H3

High pressure fluid at temperature T to boiler at enthalpy H4

pump

Work done by the pump ,Wp=m’*(H4-H3)

Describe the concept chosen and clearly illustrate how you want to explain the concept in the animation.

3

Whole assembly for a simple power plant could be represented as:

Steam Turbine

pumpboiler

condenser

Cooling Water in

Cooling Water out

Low P, low T steamhigh P, high Tsteam

Saturated water at condenser pressure

Pressurized water at boiler pressure.

1 2

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Problem Statement :Describe examples/experiments/analogies through which you will explain (use bullets).

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Net power output of the plant

Wnet = WT-Wp

This should be equal to

Wnet = Qb-Qc

The efficiency of the cycle is defined as

using first law this also could be written as

Problem statement: Stepwise description and illustrations (Add more slides if necessary)

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The power output of turbine is converted into electricity using a generator

Steam Turbine generator

WT We

Electricity produced We=WT.ᶯgᶯg=efficiency of generator

List out user interactions that will be there to enhance the understanding of the concept in the animation.

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The heat which is being rejected through the cooling water in condenser may be directly disposed to a large sink(i.e. large water body) or if lack of water supply is there it may be cooled again using a cooling tower.

Cooling Water in from Cooling tower

Cooling Water out to cooling tower

condenser Cooling tower

Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers use the evaporation of water to reduce its temperature.

Links for further reading/references 8

Q1:Which turbine is more efficient Impulse or Reaction?

A1:As larger pressure drop is achieved in Reaction Turbine so its obvious power output will be more in this case and hence more prevalent in industries.

FAQS

Credits9

Q2:who are the major supplier and buyers of Turbines?

A2:major suppliers are GE corporation, BHEL and customer regime is quite diversified as NTPC , NPCIL , ADANI Group, RELIANCE Group, TATA Group and large number of small corporations.

Q3:Where the pressure drop is taking place in Reaction Turbines?

A 3:Pressure Drop occurs in moving blades which acts as guide blades also.