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2Omega-3 Fish Oil: Applications and Emerging Research Presented by: Stuart Tomc

Why are they called Essential?Why are they called Essential?

EFAs were given the name “essential” when researchers discovered their importance for normal growth and development in young children

The body manufactures most of the fats we need, including cholesterol, saturated fats, and unsaturated fats

The body cannot manufacture essential fats; they must be consumed in the diet

From diet or purified supplements

National surveys show that Americans greatly underconsume essential fats, leading to EFA deficiency.

Burr, et al. J Biol Chem 1929. Connor WE, et al. Nutr Rev 1992.Spector AA, Lipid Metabolism: EFAs, in Biochem Phys Aspects Hum Nutr, Stipanuk MH, 2000

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1. Samuel Kay, MD and the Manchester Infirmary. http://archiver.rootsweb.com2. Burr GO and Burr MM. J Biol Chem 1929;82:345–367.4. Dyerberg J, Bang HO. Lancet 1979;2:433–435.

HistoryHistory 1752–1784: First reports of using fish oil for human health were from

Samuel Kay, MD, at the Manchester Infirmary. He observed that cod liver oil improved bone and joint health

1929: It is discovered that specific fatty acids are necessary for survival in laboratory animals

Evidence emerges that suggests fish contains specific health- promoting fatty acids

In Norway, there was a shift towards less heart disease and greater longevity when Norwegians were forced to eat more fish and less meat and animal fats during the 2nd World war

Scientists noted that Inuit Eskimos in Greenland had better heart health and greater longevity when compared to people in Denmark, even though the Eskimos ate a high fat diet

The Eskimos were eating an omega-3 rich diet

2004—FDA states “Supportive but not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.”

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4Omega-3 Fish Oil: Applications and Emerging Research Presented by: Stuart Tomc

What about Omega-9? Omega-9 is an important, but not essential fatty

acid. It naturally occurs in small amounts in fish oil and borage oils.

Sources of EFAsSources of EFAs

Omega-3 EPA and DHA are found primarily in oily cold-water fish

such as herring, tuna, sardines, anchovies, salmon, and cod (Fish form)

ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) is found primarily in flaxseed oils, certain vegetable oils, and some green leafy vegetables (Plant form)

ALA is not a reliable source of EPA and DHA for humans Pawlosky RJ, et al. AJCN 2003; Davis BC, et al. AJCN 2003.

Omega-6 Linoleic acid is found primarily in seeds, nuts, grains, and

legumes, and is heavily present in our diet as vegetable oils (e.g. corn oil) and seed oils (e.g. sunflower oil)

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Omega-3 fats are structural components of every cell and organelle

Cell Membrane – Lipid BilayerCell Membrane – Lipid Bilayer

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Fat Food Choices – Influence on HealthFat Food Choices – Influence on Health

EPA and DHA are structural components of every cell membrane

Dietary fat determines physiologic state

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Cellular Structure Supported by EFAsCellular Structure Supported by EFAs

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Omega-3 Fish Oil: Applications and Emerging Research With Stuart Tomc

Striking the Right BalanceStriking the Right Balance

Similar metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 fats causes competition between them for storage space within cell membranes

Consuming too little omega-3 allows for an abundant production of omega-6 eicosanoids; this leads to swelling, inflexibility, and compromised tissue functioning

With a high omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, the progression to adverse health begins, leading to greater risk for chronic health conditions, early aging, and more

Increasing intake of omega-3s can have significant health benefits

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EPA & DHA work together EPA & DHA work together

EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)

Heart Supports healthful lipid levels Maintains smooth blood vessels Promotes fit heart function with aging

Joints Supports joint flexibility Reduces swelling

Immune Promotes healthy cell functioning Strengthens immune response

Fitness Supports healthy metabolism

EPA and DHA occur together in foods, they work together in the body, they help balance effects of high omega-6 in the diet, and they contribute unique benefits

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) Brain

Improves mood & behavior Supports healthy nervous system Enhances memory, clear thinking

Eyes Essential for good eye health Slows decline of vision

Mother and Child Essential for infant brain and vision Promotes healthy delivery

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10Omega-3 Fish Oil: Applications and Emerging Research With Stuart Tomc

The “X” FactorThe “X” Factor

Metabolic Syndrome “X”

Insulin resistance

High triglyceride levels

High blood pressure

Low HDL and High LDL cholesterol

Excess blood clotting

> Waist circumference > 40 inches in men > 35 inches in women

Fish Oil

Improves insulin function

Lowers triglycerides (30%)

Lowers Blood Pressure (slightly)

HDL; large buoyant LDL

Improves blood flow and tissue perfusion

Promotes fat loss

X = omega-6 :omega-3

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Nutrition and Genetics are Interconnected Nutrition and Genetics are Interconnected

Omega-3 Fats are needed for

Turning DNA On and Off

Complete Resolution of Chronic Inflammation

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Newly Discovered Lipid Mediators Newly Discovered Lipid Mediators

EPA and DHA= Resolvins and Protectins

These mediators have anti-inflammatory and proresolution properties, thereby:

Protecting organs from collateral damage Stimulating the clearance of inflammatory debris Promoting mucosal antimicrobial defense

Serhan C. Nature Immunology 2008.

Omega-3 Fish Oil: Applications and Emerging Research

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Tissue RegenerationTissue Regeneration

“This report is the first to show that resolution of inflammation by a naturally occurring endogenous lipid mediator results in complete regeneration of pathologically lost tissues, including bone.”

Resolvin E1 regulates inflammation at the cellular and tissue level and restores tissue homeostasis in vivo. J Immunol 2007;179:7021–7029.

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Essential Omega-3 Fatty AcidsEssential Omega-3 Fatty Acids

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NORDIC NATURALS’ Fish Oil ProcessingNORDIC NATURALS’ Fish Oil Processing

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Absorption - designed to digest triglyceridesAbsorption - designed to digest triglycerides

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Third-Party Test ResultsThird-Party Test ResultsFor Purity and Freshness

Product Totox** Heavy Metals*** Dioxins**** PCBs*****

Arctic Cod Liver Oil 7.90 mEq/kg <10 ppb <0.5 ppt <1.0 ppt

Children's DHA 6.7 mEq/kg <10 ppb <0.5 ppt <1.0 ppt

DHA 13.60 mEq/kg <10 ppb <1.0 ppt <1.0 ppt

EPA 5.00 mEq/kg <10 ppb <1.0 ppt <1.0 ppt

Omega-3 16.80 mEq/kg <10 ppb <1.0 ppt <1.0 ppt

Ultimate Omega <10 ppb <1.0 ppt <1.0 ppt

Complete Omega-3.6.9 <10 ppb <1.0 ppt <1.0 ppt

Omega Woman <10 ppb <1.0 ppt <1.0 ppt

* Peroxide—European Pharmacopoeia and Norwegian Medicinal Standard limit: 10 mEq/kg

** Totox (Total Oxidation)—CRN (Council for Responsible Nutrition) limit: 26 mEq/kg

***Heavy Metals—Not detectable down to 10 ppb (particles per billion). European Pharmacopoeia limit: 100 ppb

**** Dioxins—Not detectable down to 0.5 ppt (particles per trillion). European Pharmacopoeia limit: 2 ppt

***** PCBs—Not detectable down to 0.5 ppt (particles per trillion). European Pharmacopoeia limit: 2 ppt

All tests are performed by Third-Party Laboratories in the United States, Canada, and Norway.

Nordic Naturals Retail Line

Peroxide Value*

0.40 mEq/kg

0.54 mEq/kg

0.90 mEq/kg

0.30 mEq/kg

0.60 mEq/kg

0.94 mEq/kg

0.75 mEq/kg

2.00 mEq/kg

7.90 mEq/kg

17.06 mEq/kg

19.00 mEq/kg

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Simple Dosing RecommendationsSimple Dosing Recommendations

EPA + DHA Can of Sardines

Omega-318:12

Ultimate Omega35:25

Ultimate Omega Liquid 35:25

500 mg 1/4 Can 2 Soft Gels 1 Soft Gel < 0.25 tsp

1,000 mg 1/2 Can 4 Soft Gels 2 Soft Gels < 0.5 tsp

3,000 mg 1 1/2 Cans 12 Soft Gels 6 Soft Gels 1.5 tsp

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Fish Oil Myths and FactsFish Oil Myths and Facts

Myth: Fish Oil increases the risk of bleeding. Fact: Experts are confident that omega-3 fatty acids in doses of 1–4 grams

per day DO NOT increase the risk of bleeding.

Myth: Enteric Coating and Emulsification improves fish oil absorption. Fact: Enteric Coating is a technique used to mask the fishy taste of low

quality oils.

Myth: Heat causes excess oxidative damage. Fact: Heat itself does not cause the oxidation—it only affects the rate of

oxidation. Rancidity is avoided by manufacturing (a) in a vacuum, (b) in a nitrogen-rich, oxygen-free environment, and (c) in the absence of free radical catalysts such as iron and copper.

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Holistic Primary Care 2006;7(4)

Worm, B. Fisheries should concentrate on pelagic species (anchovies and sardines). Fishupdate;Dec, 2006.

SustainabilitySustainability

Non-endangered

Sardines and Anchovies

Arctic Cod (exclusive raw material)

Fish oil nutritional supplements represent no more than 2 to 3% of the total global fishing industry.

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Website Dedicated to Fish Oil ResearchWebsite Dedicated to Fish Oil Research

www.omega-research.com

Research abstracts

Published studies

Clinical developments

Easy to use – powerful search feature

FREE

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SummarySummary

Omega-3s, lacking in most diets, critical to everyone’s health

Fish oil is nature’s most powerful anti-inflammatory

Fish oil: broad-reaching benefits

Fish oil: the missing link to Syndrome X

Fish oil needs to be in the same natural triglyceride form as fresh fish

Nordic Naturals: the leader in Quality, Science, and Sustainability

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Thank You!

Stuart TomcEducator

Nordic Naturals

email: stomc@nordicnaturals.com

VoiceMail: 800.662.2544 x316Cell: 773.914.9338

Disclaimer: This information is provided by Nordic Naturals, Inc. for educational purposes only. Current and peer-reviewed research is cited.It is not intended as medical advice of any kind.The educational information in this document is not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure any disease, nor has

this document been reviewed or approved by the FDA.