Teeth, tags, and a TSE SUSAN SCHOENIAN Sheep & Goat Specialist Western Maryland Research & Education...
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Transcript of Teeth, tags, and a TSE SUSAN SCHOENIAN Sheep & Goat Specialist Western Maryland Research & Education...
![Page 1: Teeth, tags, and a TSE SUSAN SCHOENIAN Sheep & Goat Specialist Western Maryland Research & Education Center University of Maryland Extension .](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a2178550346cb358b4b12/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Teeth, tags, and a TSE
SUSAN SCHOENIAN
Sheep & Goat SpecialistWestern Maryland Research
& Education CenterUniversity of Maryland Extension
(301) 432-2767 x343
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Today’s topics
• Teeth– Mouthing sheep and goats
to estimate age – Mouthing sheep and goats
to determine soundness• Tags
– Methods of identifying sheep and goats
– Ear tagging basics• TSE
– Scrapie in sheep and goats– Tagging requirements
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Mature sheep and goats have 32 teethLambs and kids have 20 temporary teeth
MolarsBack teethIncisors
(front teeth)
Dental padno teeth
Picture source: Merck Veterinary Manual, 8th edition
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Mouthing sheep and goats to estimate age
• You can estimate the approximate age of sheep and goats by determining the age at which the milk teeth are replaced by permanent incisors.
• Age varies by individual animal, breed, environment, and nutrition.
< 1
1-2
2-3
3-4
> 4
Old
Source for illustrations: Adapted from Vatta et al. (2005) Goatkeepers' Veterinary Manual.
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Lamb – less than 1 year of age
All temporary
Baby teethMilk teeth
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Yearling (1-2 years)
1 pair
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2 to 3 year old
2 pairs
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3 to 4 year old
3 pairs
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4-5 years old – solid mouth
4 pairs
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7-8 year old – Solid mouth
< 4 pairs
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10-11 year old broken mouth
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11+ years old“Gummer”
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Jawabnormalities
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Another way to tell how old a sheep is
Mature sheep, > 2 years2 spool joints
Lamb, > 12 months2 break joints
Yearling, 13-24 monthsspool and/or break joints
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Identifying sheep and goats
• Permanent– Ear tags– Tattoos– Ear notches– Electronic ID
• Temporary– Neck chains or collars– Paint brands– Paint sprays– Markers or paint sticks
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Ear tagging basics
Proper tags Proper tool
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Ear tagging basics
Proper restraint Proper placement
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How to reduce ear tag infections
• Tag young animals• Tag clean, dry ears• Tag when humidity is
low.• Use smaller tag• Avoid metal tags• Punch a hole in the
ear before inserting tag
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How to reduce ear tag infections
• Apply lubricating antiseptic to male and female parts of tag
• Dip in iodine• Soak ear tags in
alcohol or another disinfectant before inserting.
Cut out infected tags
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How to reduce tag losses
• Insert tag 1 to 2 inches from skull– Thicker part of ear– Less snagging
• Put female part of tag on inside of ear– Less snagging
• Avoid large veins
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What to do if animal loses a tag
• 4-H tag– Contact 4-H office
• Scrapie ID– Put in a new scrapie tag
1. Own flock/herd2. Flock/herd of origin
– Write down old number and new number
• Registration tag– Replace with a tag with
the same number
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[TSE] Scrapie• Disease of sheep and goats.• Affects central nervous system.• Animals over 18 months of age Always fatal.• Member of a family of diseases called
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSEs).
• Other TSEs– Mad cow disease– Chronic wasting disease– Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease
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How does a sheep or goat get scrapie?
• Direct contact with an infected sheep or goat.
→Direct contact with infected placenta.
• Environmental contamination (?)
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Can all sheep and goats get scrapie?
• Affects mostly blackface and speckled-faced sheep.
• Few cases in goats in U.S.
• A sheep’s genetics determines if it will get scrapie if it is exposed.– R gene - resistance– Q gene - susceptibility
• They are still looking for resistant genotypes in goats.
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-- MANDATORY --Tagging requirement for scrapie program
• Tag all sheep and goats when they leave your property.– Sell to neighbor– Go to weigh-in and tagging– Go to fair– Go to sale barn
• Tag should be applied at the farm where the goat or sheep was born.
Premise ID
Individual animal ID
Why? To trace back infected animals to their farm of origin and find other animals
that might have been exposed.
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Tattoo instead of ear tag
• A flock ID and individual animal number can take the place of an ear tag.
• A registration tattoo may also take the place of a tattoo if the animal accompanied by its registration paper.
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What if . . . ?
• The sheep or goat you buy doesn’t have a scrapie tag?– The seller is required to tag the
animal.– If the seller doesn’t provide a tag,
tag the animal with another scrapie tag and record the seller’s name and address so you can prove the animal wasn’t born on your farm.
• The sheep or goat loses its scrapie tag?– Put in another tag and record both
tag numbers (lost and new).
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How to get FREE scrapie tags
• Contact John T. Swann at (410) 349-9708 or [email protected].
• He will assign a Flock ID and order your free ear tags and pliers to apply them.
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Thank you for your attention.
Questions?