STRUCTURESAND

FORCES

TYPES OF STRUCTURES

• Frame Structures

• Shell Structures

• Arch Structures

• Mix and Match

• Mass Structures

• Suspension Structures

FRAME STRUCTURES

Is the most common choice of structures.

These structures are composed of long elements.

SHELL STRUCTURES

Are made of a thin outer layer.

They are like a strong and hard coat that maintains the require shape

ARCH STRUCTURES

The Romans invented the arch.

The stone at the very top is called the keystone

MIX AND MATCH

Different types of structures are combined

The combination is a moree complex structure.

MASS STRUCTURES

They are made of low quality of materials.

The structure is normally thick.

Advantage: Held in place by its own weight.

Disadvantage: Heavy need much material.

SUSPENSION STRUCTURES

A suspension structure holds an element.

Are often best for bridges.

Good for covering a very large span.

TYPES OF UNIONS

PERMANENT UNIONS:

They are meant for structures that will not needed to be disassembled.

Welding, rivets, glue...

NON-PERMANENT UNIONS:

Are those designed to assemble and disassemble the element of structures .

Nuts, bolts, clamps, friction...

FORCES ON STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

Tensional strain

Compression forces

Shear strain

Torsion forces

Bending forces

TENSIONAL STRAIN

Is the strain that causes an element to stretch

It can be due to forces

COMPRESSION FORCES

They are those forces which causes an element to get squeezed or buckled

SHEAR STRAIN

Shear forces act across a material in such a way they can force.

A good example are when we cut with the scissors

TORSION FORCES

If we apply a turning force called torque at one end of an element and, if the element is fixed to a support at the other end the element twists

BENDING FORCES

Act at an angle to a member making it bend

BY:

Manuel Folgado and Ramón Barrabés