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![Page 1: Technology, Information & Handhelds Stephen Lapinsky Mount Sinai Hospital & University of Toronto Toronto.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bceb20/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Technology, Information & Handhelds
Stephen Lapinsky
Mount Sinai Hospital & University of Toronto
Toronto
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One ICU patient generates up to 236 variable categories
Morris, Crit Care Clin 1999, 15:523
Humans capable of managing 5 to 9 variables adequately
Miller, Psychol Rev 1956, 63:81
Data overload - Data overload - patient informationpatient information
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Textbooks
Journal articles
Review articles
Association Guidelines
Hospital protocols
Pharmaceutical company information
Electronic Medical literature
Data overload - Data overload - reference informationreference information
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Data overload -Data overload - communicating info communicating info
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Evaluation of New Technologies in
Medicine
Information Access in Critical CareInformation Access in Critical Care
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Automated Paging Alert System
Software agent scans hospital database
Filters: eg. Location = ICU Hgb < 70 g/L or 20% drop
Generates automated page Ongoing evaluation:
- time to intervention- satisfaction:
physiciannurse
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Digital Wireless Area Network IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN at
11 Mb/s
Wireless cart allowing bedside access to: hospital system (eg. labs) PACS radiology images Internet searches Order entry Teaching
Potential for: video transmission wireless handhelds wearable computers
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Handheld Computers
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Roles for Handheld computersRoles for Handheld computers• access to patient informationaccess to patient information
• tracking patient symptoms, signstracking patient symptoms, signs • access to medical reference informationaccess to medical reference information
• tracking educational experiencetracking educational experience
• research data entryresearch data entry
• scheduling, contactsscheduling, contacts
• non-synchronous communicationnon-synchronous communication
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Roles for Handheld computersRoles for Handheld computersDDemonstration
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Evaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical Care
Study 1: Qualitative evaluation of handheld computers in the ICU
Study 2: Comparison between “paper” and electronic medical reference database
Study 3: Evaluation of Surgical Procedure logging using handheld devices
Study 4: Evaluation of handheld Pharmacopoeias
Study 5: Ontario Critical Care Information Network
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Evaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical Care
Study 1:Study 1: Qualitative evaluation of handheld Qualitative evaluation of handheld computers in the ICUcomputers in the ICU
Study 2: Comparison between “paper” and electronic medical reference database
Study 3: Evaluation of Surgical Procedure logging using handheld devices
Study 4: Evaluation of handheld Pharmacopoeias
Study 5: Ontario Critical Care Information Network
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Data entry & transfer: on admission update on rounds IR beaming between staff
Reports Daily report Discharge summary IR beam to HP Laserjet 6P
Methods
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Results
Evaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical Care
6 month study period: June - November 1999
24 palm handheld users (84 user-months):
3 Focus group meetings at 2 month intervals
2
34
15Attendings
Medical trainees
Resp therapists
Other (pharmacist, nurseeducator, research fellow)
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Results
Evaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical Care
Physical attributes of Palm IIIx
Patient Management database
Medical reference database
Suggestions: hardware & software
Suggestions: process
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Evaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical Care
Study 1: Qualitative evaluation of handheld computers in the ICU
Study 2:Study 2: Comparison between “paper” and electronicComparison between “paper” and electronic medical reference databasemedical reference database
Study 3: Evaluation of Surgical Procedure logging using handheld devices
Study 4: Evaluation of handheld Pharmacopoeias
Study 5: Ontario Critical Care Information Network
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Methods
Paper database:Critical Care Handbook of the
Massachussetts General Hospital
Study 2
Comparison of paper & electronic databasesComparison of paper & electronic databasesComparison of paper & electronic databasesComparison of paper & electronic databases
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Methods
Paper database: Critical Care Handbook of the
Massachussetts General Hospital
Palm database:Electronic version of the Mass Gen handbookMount Sinai ICU handbookSearchable databaseTreatment guidelines
Comparison of paper & electronic databasesComparison of paper & electronic databasesComparison of paper & electronic databasesComparison of paper & electronic databases
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Methods
Crossover study:3 weeks control (paper), 3 weeks handheld
Subjective assessment:Survey, interview
Objective assessment: Test clinical ICU scenarios, time-constrained
Standardized on a separate group of trainees
Results:No significant differenceBut: Palm could carry 5x the data
Comparison of paper & electronic databasesComparison of paper & electronic databasesComparison of paper & electronic databasesComparison of paper & electronic databases
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Evaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical Care
Study 1: Qualitative evaluation of handheld computers in the ICU
Study 2: Comparison between “paper” and electronic medical reference database
Study 3:Study 3: Evaluation of Surgical Procedure logging Evaluation of Surgical Procedure logging using handheld devicesusing handheld devices
Study 4: Evaluation of handheld Pharmacopoeias
Study 5: Ontario Critical Care Information Network
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Surgical Procedure Logging SystemSurgical Procedure Logging SystemSurgical Procedure Logging SystemSurgical Procedure Logging System
69 General Surgery residentsData entry on PalmInternet download of procedure data
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ReportsReports
Allow evaluation of
- individual trainees
- teachers
- hospitals
- trainee years
- etc
Surgical Procedure Logging SystemSurgical Procedure Logging SystemSurgical Procedure Logging SystemSurgical Procedure Logging System
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ICU Procedure Logging SystemICU Procedure Logging SystemICU Procedure Logging SystemICU Procedure Logging System
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Evaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical Care
Study 1: Qualitative evaluation of handheld computers in the ICU
Study 2: Comparison between “paper” and electronic medical reference database
Study 3: Evaluation of Surgical Procedure logging using handheld devices
Study 4:Study 4: Evaluation of handheld Pharmacopoeias Evaluation of handheld Pharmacopoeias
Study 5: Ontario Critical Care Information Network
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Comparison of features & contentComparison of features & content PharmacopoeiasPharmacopoeias
Mobile Micromedex Epocrates qRx Dr. Drugs A2Z Drugs Lexi-Drugs Moby Drugs & Interactions PDR
Comparison of Handheld PharmacopoeiasComparison of Handheld PharmacopoeiasComparison of Handheld PharmacopoeiasComparison of Handheld Pharmacopoeias
Results:
Essential parameters:
- Physicians identified 9
- Pharmacists identified 14
Content:
A2Z 9/9 13/14
FunctionalityCostUpdates
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Evaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical CareEvaluation of Palm Computers in Critical Care
Study 1: Qualitative evaluation of handheld computers in the ICU
Study 2: Comparison between “paper” and electronic medical reference database
Study 3: Evaluation of Surgical Procedure logging using handheld devices
Study 4: Evaluation of handheld Pharmacopoeias
Study 5:Study 5: Ontario Critical Care Information Network Ontario Critical Care Information Network
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Dr. B. KashinDr. H. Clasky
Dr. T. RogoveinDr. D. McRitchie
Dr. S. LapinskyDr. T. StewartDr. R. WaxDr. S. Fischer
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INFORMATION DATABASE
• content determined by user’s needs
• evidence-based management guidelines
• regularly updated according to feedback
InternetSynchronisation
from office, home, ICU
Palm Handheld Reference Resource
• mobile, point-of-care access to medical information
• optimal formatting to facilitate rapid data retrieval
• hyperlinked text, tables, images, calculators
online feedback re: online feedback re: content, formatcontent, format
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Does the handheld resource work?Does the handheld resource work?
- videotaped "think aloud" analysis of the technology in action
Do community intensivists find the Do community intensivists find the content and technology helpful?content and technology helpful?
- Surveys downloaded to users’ handhelds- Moderated focus group meetings
Does the network improve resource use?Does the network improve resource use?
- Clinician performance pre/post with a computer-controlled human simulator
- Comparison of ICU mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay, patient transfers
Evaluation
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Acknowledgments
Current studies supported by: