Technical Description SURPASS hiT 7020

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SM IPT GSS

A. Fischer

echnical Description SURPASS hiT 7020 June 14, 2007 / Issue 07

Copyright 2007 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.

Technical Description

SURPASS hiT 7020

Issue 07

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SM IPT GSS A. Fischer



The information contained in this document is confidential and the property of Nokia Siemens Networks and is supplied without liability for errors or omissions. It is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of Nokia Siemens Networks customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document is submitted, and no part of it may be used, reproduced, modified or transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nokia Siemens Networks. Nokia Siemens Networks welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development and improvement of the documentation.

This Technical Description is provided as a generic descriptive document only. It does not include any legally binding statement. The product features, and details thereof, discussed in this Technical Description may include those that prove to be temporarily or permanently unavailable. Nokia Siemens Networks reserves the right to alter without notice the specification, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service.

Nokia Siemens Networks will correct errors in this documentation as soon as possible. IN NO EVENT WILL NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY LOSSES, SUCH AS BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFIT, REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY OR DATA,THAT MAY ARISE FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION IN IT.

This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected by copyrights and other intellectual property rights according to the applicable laws.

The wave logo is a trademark of Nokia Siemens Networks Oy. Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Siemens is a registered trademark of Siemens AG.

Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective owners, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.

Copyright © Nokia Siemens Networks 2007. All rights reserved. The copyright and the foregoing restrictions on reproduction and use extend to all media in which the information may be embodied.

History of Changes

Control Date Author Comments

07 June 14, 2007 Rainer Koster rebranded to NSN layout

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Contents

1. Introduction ........................................................................... 8

1.1 Editorials ......................................................................................................... 8

1.2 Next Generation SDH...................................................................................... 8

1.3 SURPASS hiT 70 series.................................................................................. 9

2. SURPASS hiT 7020 Overview ............................................ 11

2.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 11

2.1.1 Physical Structure ......................................................................................... 11

2.1.2 System Functional Block Diagram................................................................. 12

2.1.3 Cross Connection and Switching Capability .................................................. 12

2.1.4 Line and Service Interfaces ........................................................................... 12

2.1.5 System Management Interfaces .................................................................... 13

2.2 SDH Capabilities ........................................................................................... 13

2.3 Advanced Data Service Support.................................................................... 14

2.3.1 GFP Data Encapsulation ............................................................................... 14

2.3.2 Virtual Concatenation VCat ........................................................................... 14

2.3.3 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme LCAS...................................................... 14

2.3.4 Input Rate Limiting ........................................................................................ 15

2.3.5 Support of VLANs acc. to IEEE 802.1Q......................................................... 15

2.3.6 Support of Class of Service (CoS) ................................................................. 15

2.3.7 Rapid Spanning Tree RSTP .......................................................................... 15

2.3.8 Layer 2 switching / Multicast.......................................................................... 16

2.3.9 Ethernet Transport Schemes......................................................................... 16

2.4 Service Protection Schemes.......................................................................... 17

2.5 Main Features & Strenghts............................................................................ 18

2.5.1 Flexible Design to Support Multiple Services and Applications ...................... 18

2.5.2 Modular and Compact Design ....................................................................... 18

2.5.3 Reliability....................................................................................................... 18

2.5.4 Ease of Use................................................................................................... 18

2.5.5 Interoperability............................................................................................... 18

2.5.6 Data Handling Capabilities ............................................................................ 19

3. System Application ............................................................. 20

3.1 Networking Capability.................................................................................... 20

3.1.1 Trunking / Termination and Multiplexing ........................................................ 20

3.1.2 Linear Configurations .................................................................................... 20

3.1.3 Ring Configurations....................................................................................... 21

3.1.4 Feeder Network Functionality ........................................................................ 22

3.2 Ethernet Service Applications........................................................................ 23

4. Hardware Description.......................................................... 25

4.1 Chassis Description....................................................................................... 25

4.2 Management Interfaces................................................................................. 26

4.3 System LEDs ................................................................................................ 26

4.4 Cross Connect Capability .............................................................................. 27

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4.5 Timing Function and SSM Support ................................................................ 27

4.5.1 Timing Source ............................................................................................... 27

4.5.2 E1 Retiming................................................................................................... 27

4.5.3 SSM .............................................................................................................. 28

4.6 STM-1/4 Line Interfaces ................................................................................ 29

4.7 Ethernet Interface.......................................................................................... 30

4.7.1 4x FE/L2 Service Interface Module................................................................ 30

4.7.2 4x FE/T Service Interface Module.................................................................. 31

4.8 8× E1 Service Interfaces ............................................................................... 34

5. Protection and Redundacy.................................................. 35

5.1.1 MSP (1+1) ..................................................................................................... 35

5.1.2 SNCP ............................................................................................................ 35

5.1.3 MS-SPRing ................................................................................................... 36

5.1.4 LCAS soft protection...................................................................................... 36

5.1.5 Rapid Spanning Tree..................................................................................... 36

5.1.6 Multible Layers Protection ............................................................................. 37

5.1.7 Equipment Protection .................................................................................... 37

5.1.8 Protection in special Conditions.................................................................... 37

5.1.9 Software Fault Tolerance .............................................................................. 38

5.1.10 Data Security................................................................................................. 38

6. Technical Specification ....................................................... 39

6.1 SDH Overhead.............................................................................................. 39

6.2 Interface Types.............................................................................................. 40

6.2.1 Electrical Interfaces ....................................................................................... 41

6.2.2 Optical Interfaces .......................................................................................... 41

6.2.3 Management and Maintenance Interface....................................................... 41

6.3 Interface Performance Specifications ............................................................ 43

6.3.1 Optical Interface Performances ..................................................................... 43

6.3.2 STM-1 Optical Interface Performance ........................................................... 43

6.3.3 STM-4 Optical Interface Performance ........................................................... 44

6.3.4 Electrical Interface Performances.................................................................. 45

6.3.5 Timing and Synchronization Performance ..................................................... 48

6.3.6 Jitter Performance ......................................................................................... 48

6.4 Timing ........................................................................................................... 50

6.5 Power Source and Consumption ................................................................... 50

6.5.1 Power Modules.............................................................................................. 50

6.5.2 Power Consumption ...................................................................................... 51

6.6 Mechanical Structure..................................................................................... 51

6.7 Environment Requirements ........................................................................... 51

6.8 Electromagnetic Compatibility ....................................................................... 52

6.9 Vibration Tests .............................................................................................. 53

6.9.1 Shipping Test ................................................................................................ 53

6.9.2 Office Test..................................................................................................... 53

7. Standard Compliance.......................................................... 54

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8. Abbreviations ...................................................................... 55

9. Appendix 1: Basis Techonologies ....................................... 56

9.1 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)................................................................ 56

9.2 Virtual Concatenation (VCat) ......................................................................... 59

9.3 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS).................................................... 59

9.4 RPR (Resilient Packet Ring).......................................................................... 60

9.5 Ethernet Functions and Services................................................................... 60

10. Appendix 2: Related Documents......................................... 61

11. Annex Documents............................................................... 61

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Future Traffic Growth........................................................................................................... 9

Figure 2: System Configuration......................................................................................................... 11

Figure 3: Functional Block Diagram of SURPASS hiT 7020 ............................................................ 12

Figure 4: Three Ethernet data transmission methods in SURPASS hiT 7020.................................. 17

Figure 5: SURPASS hiT 7020 Termination and Mux Capability....................................................... 20

Figure 6: SURPASS hiT 7020 Linear Network Configuration........................................................... 20

Figure 7: SURPASS hiT 7020 Ring Network Configuration ............................................................. 21

Figure 8: SURPASS hiT 7020 Feeder Terminal Application ............................................................ 22

Figure 9: SURPASS hiT 7020 Feeder Ring Application ................................................................... 22

Figure 10: PtP Transparent Transmission ........................................................................................ 23

Figure 11: L2 aggregation, switching and transmission.................................................................... 24

Figure 12: Ethernet Shared Ring Application.................................................................................... 24

Figure 14: Main board management interfaces ................................................................................ 26

Figure 15: System LEDs ................................................................................................................... 26

Figure 16: E1 retiming....................................................................................................................... 28

Figure 17: STM-1 line interface parameters ..................................................................................... 29

Figure 18: STM-4 line interface parameters ..................................................................................... 29

Figure 19: 4× FE/L2 module functional block diagram...................................................................... 30

Figure 20: 4× FE/T module functional block ..................................................................................... 31

Figure 21: 4× FE/T interface description........................................................................................... 32

Figure 22: 4× FE module each FE port LEDs ................................................................................... 32

Figure 23: FE port Performance Monitoring Parameters.................................................................. 33

Figure 24: Performance Monitoring parameters per GFP channel................................................... 33

Figure 25: SDH Performance Monitoring parameters....................................................................... 34

Figure 26: Cross-Connect Multiplexing Structure acc. ITU-T G.707 ................................................ 39

Figure 27: Terminated Mapping Structure ........................................................................................ 39

Figure 28: SDH overhead bytes supported by SURPASS hiT 7020 ................................................ 40

Figure 29 SURPASS hiT 7020 Interface Types................................................................................ 41

Figure 30: RJ45 pin assignment ....................................................................................................... 42

Figure 31: STM-1/4 Optical Interface Parameters and Application Codes....................................... 43

Figure 32: STM-1 Optical Interface Specifications............................................................................ 44

Figure 33: STM-4 Optical Interface Specifications............................................................................ 45

Figure 34: 2048 kbit/s Electrical Interface Parameters acc to ITU-T G.703 ..................................... 46

Figure 35: 2048 kbit/s Electrical Interface Parameters acc to ITU-T G.703 ..................................... 46

Figure 36: Electrical Interface Allowable Input Attenuation .............................................................. 47

Figure 37: Electrical Interface Allowable Input Port Frequency Deviation ........................................ 47

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Figure 38: Electrical Interface Input Port Anti-Interference Capability .............................................. 47

Figure 39: Timing Output Jitter.......................................................................................................... 48

Figure 40: Internal Timing Source Output Frenquency..................................................................... 48

Figure 41: STM-1/4 Interface Output Jitter ....................................................................................... 49

Figure 42: STM-1 Interface Jitter Tolerance ..................................................................................... 49

Figure 43: STM-4 Interface Jitter Tolerance ..................................................................................... 49

Figure 44: PDH mapping jitter generation specification.................................................................... 50

Figure 45: SURPASS hiT 7020 PDH interface combined jitter generation specification.................. 50

Figure 46: SURPASS hiT 7020 Environmental Requirements ......................................................... 52

Figure 47: SURPASS hiT 7020 Eectromagnetic Compatibility Requirements ................................. 52

Figure 48: Shipping test standards ................................................................................................... 53

Figure 49: Office test standards ........................................................................................................ 53

Figure 50: GFP mapping................................................................................................................... 57

Figure 51: Comparison between GFP and PPP ............................................................................... 58

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1. Introduction

1.1 Editorials

This document is a technical description for the product SURPASS hiT 7020. The technical descriptions of other product of the SURPASS hiT 70 series are also available. The document is not a marketing document. The target of this document is to inform on detail about the product, product features and the application in the network environment.

It is not a document for advertisement purposes but it is useful to inform our customer in detail in the after sales period. For marketing and advertisement related product information please contact the sales department.

If the reader is looking for information’s on the basis technologies please refer to 9 Appendix 1: Basis .

1.2 Next Generation SDH

For almost two decades, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) has been the preferred transport technology over optical fibers. SDH is the dominant transport protocol in virtually all long-haul networks (voice and data) as well as in metro networks that were originally developed for voice traffic. As a resilient, well-understood transport mechanism, SDH has stood the test of time. Its reliability is unsurpassed. The ability of SDH to support 50-msec switching to backup paths, combined with extensive performance monitoring features for carrier-class transport.

Legacy SDH was designed mainly to transport circuit oriented services like voice and as such is an inherently rigid and inefficient method for transporting data. Traditionally a single wire speed Gigabit Ethernet service (1.25G) will be allocated to one STM-16 channel (2.5G). This means 48 % of the of this STM-16 pipe remains as idle capacity.

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Figure 1: Future Traffic Growth

The phenomenal growth in bandwidth, connectivity and content generated by the Internet, Intranet and broadband applications, has made native data transfer a very important criteria for telecommunication infrastructure (see Figure 1). Ethernet has become the de facto standard for enterprise networks. In Storage Area Networks (SAN) ESCONTM, FICONTM and Fiber Channel are by far today‘s most dominating technology as well.

The solution is Next Generation SDH technology that transforms rigid, circuit-oriented SDH networks to a universal transport mechanism that is optimized for both voice and data. The technology enables carriers to keep up with growing demands for bandwidth, to efficiently carry both streaming and bursty traffic, and adapt to constantly changing traffic patterns. Multiple protocols and thus services are supported: from basic TDM voice, Ethernet, as well as SAN.

1.3 SURPASS hiT 70 series

Siemens has introduced a new range of equipment that makes the promise of Next Generation SDH a reality: the SURPASS hiT 70 series. This platform provides the flexibility of true packet switching and Ethernet transport, while operating with the inherent reliability of SDH. Multiple network applications are integrated and consolidated into a single compact unit. The efficiency of this approach, together with extensive use of highly integrated components allows the SURPASS hiT 70 series to be offered at lower costs than current solutions.

Data + Voice = SURPASS hiT 70 series

1

10

100

100

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Tbit/ Phone

Internet

Intranet WAN

Source: Siemens AG

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In order to address the varying needs and requirements of carrier‘s carrier, carrier and enterprise, the SURPASS hiT 70 series consists of a diverse range of products, namely:

• SURPASS hiT 7070 SC/DC ADM / CC, multiple STM-64

• SURPASS hiT 7060 HC ADM 64, multiple STM-16

• SURPASS hiT 7060 ADM, multiple STM-16

• SURPASS hiT 7050 CC ADM 16, Multiple STM-4

• SURPASS hiT 7050 FP1 ADM, Multiple STM ¼

• SURPASS hiT 7035 ADM, STM-16 / STM- 4

• SURPASS hiT 7025 ADM, STM-4, STM-1

• SURPASS hiT 7030 ADM 4/1 modular

• SURPASS hiT 7020 ADM 4/1 single board CPE

This Technical Description covers SURPASS hiT 7020, only. For detailed description of the other product please refer to 10 Appendix 2: Related Documents.

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2. SURPASS hiT 7020 Overview

2.1 Overview

SURPASS hiT 7020 is a very compact and integrated STM-1/STM-4 system positioned for Metro Access applications. SURPASS hiT 7020 supports data (FE) and PDH (E1) traffic. The system can be ordered in the following 6 system configurations as listed in the table below:

System Configuration LOCC (VC-4 equivalent)

FE ports

Main board with 2x-STM-1 + 8x 2Mbit/s 4 × 4 -

Main board with 2x-STM-1 + 8x 2Mbit/s 4 × 4 4× FE/L2

Main board with 2x-STM-1 + 8x 2Mbit/s 4 × 4 4× FE/T

Main board with 2x-STM-4/1 + 8x 2Mbit/s 16 × 16 -

Main board with 2x-STM-4/1 + 8x 2Mbit/s 16 × 16 4× FE/L2

Main board with 2x-STM-4/1 + 8x 2Mbit/s 16 × 16 4× FE/T

Figure 2: System Configuration

SURPASS hiT 7020 is designed to satisfy medium or low capacity metro multi-services access requirements for service provider or private enterprise networks, providing carrier-class reliability.

Fully compliant with ITU-T and/or IEEE standards, SURPASS hiT 7020 can inter-operate with other standards-based transport and data communication equipment. Users can build stand-alone STM-1 or STM-4 networks, or inter-work with other SDH, multi-service transport products, or data communication products to build diverse transport/access networks.

2.1.1 Physical Structure

SURPASS hiT 7020 is a very compact unit. The physical dimension of SURPASS hiT

7020 are 1.75in/44.5mm (high) × 17in/433mm (wide) × 8.24in/210mm (deep), which is in compliance with industry standards. All external interfaces are front access for easy maintenance and installation, and support various installation methods: 300mm or 19" rack-mount and desktop installation.

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2.1.2 System Functional Block Diagram

SURPASS hiT 7020 system functional block diagram is depicted in Figure below:

Figure 3: Functional Block Diagram of SURPASS hiT 7020

2.1.3 Cross Connection and Switching Capability

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports the following cross connection and switching capabilities:

• 2× STM-1 line interface configuration: 4 × 4 VC-4 equivalent LOCC

• 2× STM-4 line interface configuration: 16 × 16 VC-4 equivalent LOCC

•

2.1.4 Line and Service Interfaces

The system can be ordered with 2× STM-1 or 2× STM-4 line interfaces, 8× E1 interfaces, and 4 FE with or without L2 function interfaces depending on your traffic requirements. There are 6 different system configurations as mentioned before, which can be ordered in a 75 Ohm or 120 Ohm variant for the 2 Mbit/s ports and with AC or DC power supply.

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• 2× STM-1 + 8× 2 Mbit/s

• 2× STM-1 + 8× 2 Mbit/s and 4× FE/L2

• 2× STM-1 + 8× 2 Mbit/s and 4× FE/T

• 2× STM-4/1 + 8× 2 Mbit/s

• 2× STM-4/1 + 8× 2 Mbit/s and 4× FE/L2

• 2× STM-4/1 + 8× 2 Mbit/s and 4× FE/T

2.1.5 System Management Interfaces

The system management interfaces are located on the main board:

• a DB9 connector to connect a Local Craft Terminal

• a RJ-45 connector to connect to a network or sub-network management system (Q-port)

• a RJ-45 connector for alarm outputs

There are four LED indicators on the main board: one power status LED, and three system alarm LEDs (Major, Critical, and Minor).

2.2 SDH Capabilities

• SURPASS hiT 7020 provides bidirectional / unidirectional MSP(1+1) on STM-4 and STM-1 interfaces

• SURPASS hiT 7020 provides 2 fiber MS-SPRing on STM-4 interfaces

• SURPASS hiT 7020 provides bidirectional / unidirectional SNCP at VC-12/4 levels

• SURPASS hiT 7020 supports GFP-F（ITU-T

G.7041/Y.1303）encapsulation for Ethernet data.

• SURPASS hiT 7020 supports VC-12-Xv virtual concatenation（ITU-T

G.707/Y.1322）

• SURPASS hiT 7020 supports LCAS (ITU-T G.7042) at VC12-Xv level, which provides dynamic bandwidth adjustment.

• SDH timing: The Timing function is part of the main board of SURPASS hiT 7020. The Timing function selects a recovered clock from one of the line inputs, or an E1 tributary, or an internal (on the main board) Stratum 3 reference clock as the system-timing reference. It is possible to use any of the clock inputs as a primary or secondary timing source. You can identify up to four timing references, which can be prioritized to provide protection.

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2.3 Advanced Data Service Support

SURPASS hiT 7020 includes the following features supporting transport of data frames:

(1) GFP encapsulation

(2) VCat

(3) LCAS

(4) Input rate limiting

(5) support of VLAN acc. to IEEE 802.1Q

(6) support of CoS through changing priority

(7) RSTP

(8) Layer 2 switching / multicast

2.3.1 GFP Data Encapsulation

SURPASS hiT 7020 incorporates advanced Generic Framing Procedure (GFP-F) (G.7041/Y.1303) mapping scheme to encapsulate Ethernet traffic into SDH payloads. GFP encapsulated data is then mapped into SDH payloads using Virtual Concatenation techniques acc. to ITU-T standard G.707/Y.1322. This process provides the most efficient mapping of packets and the greatest bandwidth efficiency within the network.

GFP mapping can be viewed as a multi-service encapsulation method, which strips out unnecessary legacy mappings of SDH to provide a standardised thin Layer 1 capability that supports a wide range of client-service protocols.

2.3.2 Virtual Concatenation VCat

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports VC-12-Xv. VCat provides fine-tuned SDH pipes to match the needs of packet – and to boost carriers’ traffic-handling scalability and efficiency. The system can accommodate up to 16 ms delay deference between the fastest VC-12 member and the slowest VC-12 member, respectively.

2.3.3 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme LCAS

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports dynamic adjustment of the size of virtually concatenated groups of channels by the standardized LCAS process.

VCat and LCAS in combination provide soft protection schemes.

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2.3.4 Input Rate Limiting

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports Input Rate Limiting per LAN port. Input Rate Limiting allows to control the maximum bandwidth per port an end user can obtain from the network.

The Range is from 64kbps to 100Mbps, in step of 64kpbs between 64kpbs and 2Mbps (including 2Mbps), step is 1M between 2Mbps and 100Mpbs,default is full rate.

Input Rate Limiting is supported for L2 cards / function.

2.3.5 Support of VLANs acc. to IEEE 802.1Q

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports VLANs acc. to IEEE Standard 802.1Q.

At the ingress side, each port can be set either to accept both VLAN-tagged and untagged frames, or to accept only VLAN-tagged frames, depending on the application requirements. Additionally, a VLAN tag can be assigned to untagged incoming frames in order to assign such frames to an existing VLAN within the network, or untagged frames will be assigned the predefined VLAN-ID (PVID) according to their Class of Service (CoS) settings.

At the egress side, each port can be set to remove VLAN tags arriving from the network or keep the VLAN tags unattended.

2.3.6 Support of Class of Service (CoS)

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports CoS acc. to IEEE 802.1d at VLAN basis; i.e. 8 levels of priority.

4 CoS at the egress of WAN ports are provided.

Each queue with this scheme will have a weight. The bandwidth (or time) each queue occupies in a cycle is according to the weight assigned to it. The Weight of each queue is provisionable.

At the egress side of the WAN ports, there are four queues, which can be assigned with different priorities or weights. The scheduling scheme can be set to Weighted Round-Robin (WRR) or WRR+Preemp.

2.3.7 Rapid Spanning Tree RSTP

SURPASS hiT7020 supports Rapid Spanning Tree Protocols acc. IEEE 802.1w on cards incorporating layer 2 switching capabilities. Spanning tree prevents against loops at the Ethernet level of the network while providing L2 protection. Thus, meshed configurations and even ring configurations such as “Ethernet shared rings” are supported.

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For Layer 2 switch cards 2 WAN ports are needed in the ring. All the traffic goes through the ring, the capacity is “shared” from the Layer 2 switch cards.

2.3.8 Layer 2 switching / Multicast

The 4x FE module of the SURPASS hiT 7020 support L2 switching / multicast function including pre-provisioned static multicast, or IGMP Snooping controlled dynamic multicast. Layer 2 switching performs switching of ethernet frames from a number of LAN ports to a (smaller) number of WAN ports based on MAC addresses or VLAN-IDs.

2.3.9 Ethernet Transport Schemes

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports three Ethernet data transport schemes shown below:

• Point-to-point transparent

o In this scheme, dedicated bandwidth is assigned to an end-to-end traffic using. Virtual Concatenation technique and optionally LCAS. This scheme is more suitable for high security requirements and delay-sensitive traffic applications as each traffic has a dedicated bandwidth. The drawback is the limited bandwidth efficiency.

• L2 Switching and aggregation

o On cards supporting L2 switching ethernet frames from a number of LAN ports may be statistically switched to a number of WAN ports based on MAC addresses or VLAN-IDs.

o L2 aggregation: a number of ethernet streams coming from a number of WAN ports are concentrated into a small number of LAN ports (typically one port FE ) based on VLAN-Ids.

• Ethernet Spanning Tree Networks

o Meshed networks or physical ring networks are to be resolved to a logical linear or tree-type network configuration to prevent against Ethernet loops. This is supported by the SURPASS hiT7020 Ethernet cards´ RSTP features. Accordingly, even physical ring configurations are supported such as “Ethernet shared rings”, where Ethernet cards are cascaded on the WAN side ports and a loop/ring is closed.

o The RSTP technology allows for efficient add/drop or multicast of data traffic in a network, keeping Ethernet automatic protection in case of a breakdown of a link in a meshed network. This dramatically increases the transport efficiency when compared with the traditional point-to-point networking technology.

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LAN Interface

EPL / E(v)PLEPL / E(v)PL

hiT 7020 provides P2P services (acc. G.Etna definiton) with configurable

bandwidth sharing

EPL / E(v)PLEPL / E(v)PL

hiT 7020 provides P2MP services (acc. G.Etna definiton) with configurable bandwidth sharing

hiT 7020 provides MP2MP services (acc. G.Etna definiton) with configurable bandwidth sharing

EPLAN / E(v)PLANEPLAN / E(v)PLAN

Card Type: 4× FE/T Service Interface Module

LAN Interface

Card Type: Layer 2 card

LAN Interface

LAN Interface

LAN Interface

LAN Interface

Card Type: Layer 2 card

Figure 4: Three Ethernet data transmission methods in SURPASS hiT 7020

2.4 Service Protection Schemes

SURPASS hiT 7020 provides the following traffic protection for services:

1) SDH layer protection: 2 fibers MS-SPRing at STM-4 level.

2) MSP (1+1) unidirectional / bidirectional for STM-4, SNCP V-12/VC-4 and LCAS based soft protection for channels built by diversely routed VC-groups.

3) Ethernet layer protection: RSTP based traffic protection for Ethernet data streams

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2.5 Main Features & Strengths

2.5.1 Flexible Design to Support Multiple Services and Applications

SURPASS hiT 7020 is a highly flexible platform capable of supporting a variety of services and network applications. SURPASS hiT 7020 can be ordered with the line rates of either STM-4 or STM-1. It supports a mix of Ethernet, TDM and SDH type tributary interface cards.

2.5.2 Modular and Compact Design

The SURPASS hiT7020 platform is very compact (height 1 RU) and it uses between 20 and 50W. It provides two prime line interfaces STM-4 or STM-1 on its main board.

2.5.3 Reliability

• Highly integrated components for maximum system reliability.

• Optical transmission can be protected using 2 fiber MS-SPRing, MSP(1+1), SNCP.

• SURPASS hiT 7020 platform supports protection on the SDH as well as on the Ethernet layer.

• A thermal sensor detects excessive inside temperature and raises the over temperature alarm.

2.5.4 Ease of Use

• Access to all optical and electrical interfaces from the front of SURPASS hiT 7020 equipment.

• SURPASS hiT 7020 features usage of Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) optical interfaces STM-4 and STM-1, allowing convenient field replacement of the optical interfaces.

• SURPASS hiT 7020 system powers up with default parameters.

2.5.5 Interoperability

• SURPASS hiT 7020 complies to the relevant ITU and ETSI standards.

• SURPASS hiT 7020 is on its interfaces interoperable with other standards based networking equipment such as Siemens new or legacy or other vendor’s optical networking systems as well as any kind of tributary accessed equipment.

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2.5.6 Data Handling Capabilities

(see chapter 2.3, above)

• SURPASS hiT7020 supports GFP-F for the encapsulation of Ethernet based data traffic.

• SURPASS hiT7020 supports Class of Service (CoS) and VLAN technology with up to 512 active VLANS out of 4094 VLANs per L2 switch card.

• SURPASS hiT7020 supports Virtual Concatenation and LCAS to provide scalable, efficient, and resilient use of SDH to transport traffic. This greatly increases the useable bandwidth of the network.

• SURPASS hiT7020 supports Layer 2 switching and aggregation of Ethernet frames.

• SURPASS hiT7020 supports RSTP on its Ethernet Layer 2 switching cards.

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3. System Application

3.1 Networking Capability

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports a variety of STM-4 and STM-1 network applications:

3.1.1 Trunking / Termination and Multiplexing

SURPASS hiT 7020 system can be configured as a hub-Terminal at STM-4 or STM-1 level.

Figure 5: SURPASS hiT 7020 Termination and Mux Capability

3.1.2 Linear Configurations

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports STM-1/4 linear network topology.

Figure 6: SURPASS hiT 7020 Linear Network Configuration

Working Line

Protection Line

SURPASS hiT 7020

TMX

TDM/Data traffic

SURPASS hiT 7020

TMX

SURPASS hiT 7020 TMX

TDM/Data traffic TDM/Data traffic

SURPASS hiT 7020 ADM

TDM/Data traffic

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3.1.3 Ring Configurations

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports STM-1/4 ring network topology.

SURPASS hiT 7020 provides 2 fiber MS-SPRing at STM-4 level, 1+1 MSP on STM4 and STM 1 level and SNCP on VC-12/VC-VC-4) level.

Figure 7: SURPASS hiT 7020 Ring Network Configuration

TDM/Data traffic

TDM/Data traffic

TDM/Data traffic

SURPASS hiT 7020

ADM

SURPASS hiT 7020

ADM

SURPASS hiT 7020

ADM

TDM/Data traffic

STM-1/4 ring

SURPASS hiT 7020

ADM

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3.1.4 Feeder Network Functionality

In the following application SURPASS hiT 7020 is used as a feeder line termination for traffic access to a core network.

Figure 8: SURPASS hiT 7020 Feeder Terminal Application

In this application SURPASS hiT 7020 is used for a feeder ring network to a core network.

Figure 9: SURPASS hiT 7020 Feeder Ring Application

TDM/Data traffic TDM/Data traffic

TDM/Data traffic

SURPASS hiT 7020

ADM

SURPASS hiT 7020

ADM

SURPASS hiT 7020

ADM

TDM/Data traffic

STM-1/4 ring

SURPASS hiT 7020

ADM

Core Network

SURPASS hiT 7020

TMX

TDM/Data traffic

Core Network

Working Line

Protection Line

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3.2 Ethernet Service Applications

SURPASS hiT 7020 provides data transport over SDH, and supports various data applications in addition to traditional TDM applications. This offers service providers a cost-effective, simple, and reliable multi-service solution for the network, including layer 2 switching and aggregation of Ethernet traffic. For the Ethernet specific features see chapter 2.3, above.

SURPASS hiT 7020 system provides the following data transmission services:

1) Transparent transmission: point-to-point Ethernet links

2) Layer 2 switching: switching on a number of LAN ports to a number of WAN ports at ingress side of the SDH network.

3) Layer 2 aggregation: multiplexing of a number of WAN ports to a (small number of LAN ports at egress side of the SDH network).

4) RSTP Ethernet network configurations: supported by SURPASS hiT7020´s L2 switch cards.

Figure 10: PtP Transparent Transmission

LAN Interface


LAN Interface

LAN Interface

LAN Interface

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Figure 11: L2 aggregation, switching and transmission

Figure 12: Ethernet Shared Ring Application

Card Type: Layer 2 Switch


LAN Interface

LAN Interface

LAN Interface

Card Type: L2 Switch

LAN Interface

Card Type:4× FE/T Service Interface Module

Card Type: L2 Switch

LAN Interface

LAN Interface

LAN Interface

LAN Interface

WAN Port WAN Port WAN Port

For Layer 2 cards 2 WAN ports are needed for one ring. All traffic goes through the shared rind (ESR). RSTP prevents against loop and broadcast storm.

VLAN 1

VLAN 2

VLAN 2

WAN Port

WAN Port WAN Port

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4. Hardware Description

4.1 Chassis Description

SURPASS hiT 7020 equipment is an integrated box. SURPASS hiT 7020 can be pre-

configured into 4 system capacities. The SURPASS hiT 7020 chassis (with 2× STM-1

+ 8× E1 + 4× FE/L2 interfaces) is shown below:

SURPASS hiT 7020 chassis consists of the following:

• A main board to provide system control, cross connects, and timing

functions. The main board also provides 2×STM-1/STM-4 SDH and 8× E1 interfaces.

• A daughter module to provide FE interfaces. Currently there are two

optional daughter modules available to choose: 4× FE/T and 4× FE/L2. A SURPASS hiT 7020 chassis can support one daughter Ethernet module (4x FE/T or 4x FE/L2).

• A power supply module (1 x AC or 2 x DC).

4x FE

Power module

Management interfaces

and system LEDs

2x STM-1 or 2x STM-4

optical interfaces

8x E1

Figure 13: Chassis Configuration

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4.2 Management Interfaces

The management interfaces and LEDs on SURPASS hiT 7020 are listed below:

Interface Name Functional description

Console RS232 interface, DB9 connector, local configuration interface

MGMT RJ45 connector, 1× 10/100M Base-T management interface

ALM RJ45 alarm output interface, providing one audio and video alarm control

Figure 14: Main board management interfaces

4.3 System LEDs

Name Color Status Functional Description

ON Power is available to the system. PWR Green

OFF Power is off

ON One or more critical alarms are present. Or any card is in initializing.

Flashing One or more critical transmission alarms are present. When any optional service card is mismatch or faulty, MJ alarm LED and CR alarm LED will flash at the same time.

CR Red

OFF No critical alarms

ON There are one or more major alarms present in the system

Flashing When any optional service card is mismatch or faulty, MJ alarm LED and CR alarm LED will flash at the same time.

MJ Orange

OFF No major alarms

ON There are one or more minor alarms presented in the system.

MN Yellow OFF

No Minor alarms (Warning and indeterminate alarms do not turn the LED on.)

ON There is an optical signal detected in the port

Link 1 status

Green OFF

There is no optical signal detected in the port. This occurs at the initial state when the fiber is not connected to the port, or the transmitting (TX) or receiving (RX) fiber is mis-connected.

ON There is an optical signal detected in the port

Link 2 status

Green OFF

There is no optical signal detected in the port. This occurs at the initial state when the fiber is not connected to the port, or the transmitting (TX) or receiving (RX) fiber is mis-connected.

Figure 15: System LEDs

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4.4 Cross Connect Capability

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports 2 kinds of cross connect capacities 4 × 4 VC-4

equivalent LOCC in the STM-1 line interface configuration, and 16 × 16 VC-4 equivalent LOCC in the STM-4 line interface configuration.

The following types of cross connects are possible on both cross connect units:

• Uni-directional

• Bi-directional

• Loop backs

• Multicast

4.5 Timing Function and SSM Support

4.5.1 Timing Source

The Timing function is part of the SURPASS hiT 7020 main board. The system derives clock reference from line interface (STM-1/4) or client interface (E1). There’s no dedicated External Timing Input/Output (Station Clock), but one of the 8 E1 interface ports on the main board could be used for this purpose (un-framed mode). When all the external timing references are lost, the system will be locked onto its internal timing reference or goes into holdover mode when the Stratum-3 compliant oscillator is installed.

For the STM1/4 main board the accuracy of the clock is according G.813 Stratum-3 Option 1 local clock, whereas for the STM-1 main board according G.813 Option 2 local clock.

4.5.2 E1 Retiming

The SURPASS hiT 7020 supports E1 re-timing.

For the base station controller or base station whose node has been equipped with BITS equipment, the timing signal derived from the BITS equipment alone can satisfy the synchronization requirement of the network. However, for the base station controller or base station that cannot be connected with the BITS equipment directly, the previous solution was deriving the timing signal from the services that were synchronized with the trunk input signal of the base station controller or base station.

This is only one example where the retiming function can be used especially needed in mobile networks.

But because the services came from the tributary of the SDH equipment, there may be existed a lot of pointer adjustment and the clock quality may be rather bad, so there

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must be another method such as re-timing from the upstream to adjust the service code flow so as to solve the clock problem. The E1 re-timing function is designed for this purpose.

The functional block of E1 re-timing function is depicted in Figure below.

Figure 16: E1 retiming

The SURPASS hiT 7020 supports 15 minutes and 24 hours performance statistics of number of positive bit-slip or negative bit-slip (and can distinguish positive and negative bit-slip and report independently). The SURPASS hiT 7020 also supports bit-slip alarm and bit-slip performance threshold crossed alarm (including 15 minutes and 24 hours), the threshold value can be set by Actor (positive and negative bit-slip alarm should be reported independently).

This means for example the first port configured with timing reference, other 7 ports can be configured with retiming function.

4.5.3 SSM

A Synchronization Status Message (SSM) signal can be used to transfer the signal quality level throughout a network. This will guarantee that all network elements will always be synchronized to the highest quality clock available.

From SDH system

clock

E1 MAPPER

RETIMING BUFFER

PLL 19.44M

=> 2.048M

E1 LIU

E1 TRANSFORMER

E1 CONNECTOR

To cross connect

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On the SURPASS hiT 7020 system the SDH SSM algorithm is supported on all STM-N interfaces

(1) SSM function support can be user provisioned as “enabled or disabled”. When the SSM function is disabled in the NE, all STM-N interfaces will send out DNU (do not use for sync) signal.

(2) There are 4 possible quality levels specified in SSM for timing reference sources: PRC, SSU-A, SSU-B, and SEC. In addition, DNU is specified in SSM. The quality of each timing reference source can either be retrieved from the incoming SSM or provisioned from the network management system.

(3) SURPASS hiT 7020 supports the synchronization source switching algorithm based on SSM defined in ITU-T G.781.

(4) The wait-to-restore (WTR) time for timing reference source is between 0 -12 minutes and can be set from the network management system in minute increments. The default value is 5 minutes.

4.6 STM-1/4 Line Interfaces

This SURPASS hiT 7020 provides 2x STM-1 or 2x STM-4 line optical interfaces. The STM-1/4 interfaces are fully compliant with ITU-T G.707 and G.957 standards. SURPASS hiT 7020 uses SFP for STM-1/4 optical interfaces.

Interface Description

2× STM-1 Optical Interface LC connector

Multiple STM-1 SFP Optical Interface modules

- STM-1 (L-1.2 80Km)

- STM-1 (L-1.1 40Km)

- STM-1 (S-1.1 15Km)

Figure 17: STM-1 line interface parameters


2× STM-4 Optical Interface

LC connector

Multiple STM-4 SFP Optical Interface modules

- STM-4 (L-4.2 80Km)

- STM-4 (L-4.1 40Km)

- STM-4 (S-4.1 15Km)

Figure 18: STM-4 line interface parameters

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4.7 Ethernet Interface

SURPASS hiT 7020 provides 4x 10/100M Base-T interfaces with L2 function. Each Ethernet interface option above is implemented on a daughter module and is described below as a module.

4.7.1 4x FE/L2 Service Interface Module

Function:

This module provides 4 LAN ports 10/100Base-T (RJ-45). There are 4 WAN ports on the network side. Up to 4 channels can be aggregated / switched up to 4 WAN ports and forwarded towards an SDH line interface for transmission. This module supports GFP and lower order virtual connection (VC-12-Xv, X=1, …46) and LCAS. The total available bandwidth on the network side (backplane) is 1 x VC-4 equivalent (63xVC-12), the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) 1536 bytes.

Figure 19: 4×××× FE/L2 module functional block diagram

• Supports GFP encapsulation (ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303)

• Scalable bandwidth through VC-12-Xv (X=1…46) and LCAS (ITU-T G.7042)

• Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) 1536 bytes

The Layer 2 functions supported by this module are:

• 10/100Mbit/s Ethernet VLAN trunking

• VLAN tagging, providing increased number of VLANs.

• Access Control List (ACL) based on MAC addresses

• Rapid Spanning Tree (802.1w) for the WAN ports, dramatically reducing restoration time

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• Layer 2 multicast functions (including static provisioned multicast and IGMP Snooping multicast functions), saving bandwidth on applications such as multi-media video

• Layer 2 aggregation function

• Input rate limiting function per port: Range is from 64kbps to 100Mbps, in step of 64kpbs between 64kpbs and 2Mbps (including 2Mbps), step is 1M between 2Mbps and 100Mpbs.

• Providing 802.1d at egress WAN port. There are of 4 CoS at the egress of WAN ports supported. The mapping from the priority in the VLAN tag to the Class of Services is per IEEE 802.1D. The maximum buffer size per Tx queue is 16 kB.

• 4kB dynamic MAC address table size per card. The total memory of the card is 256 kB.

At a minimum investment, this Ethernet module provides very attractive services to end customers, like:

• Scalable bandwidth without having to change interfaces

• A transparent LAN service that hides the complexity of the WAN for end users (a WAN that looks like a LAN)

• High availability LAN service due to end-to-end SDH protection switching.

4.7.2 4x FE/T Service Interface Module

Function:

This module provides 4 LAN ports 10/100Base-T acc. to IEEE 802.3 and 4 WAN ports. Thus up to 4 transparent channels can be provisioned. The total available bandwidth on the network side (backplane) is 1x VC-4 equivalent (63xVC-12).

The functional block diagram of this module is depicted below:

Figure 20: 4×××× FE/T module functional block

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The key functions provided by this module are:

• Supports GFP encapsulation (ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303)

• Scalable bandwidth through VC-12-Xv (X=1…46) and LCAS (ITU-T G.7042)

• Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) 1800 bytes

With minimal equipment investment this Ethernet module still provides very attractive services to the end customers, like:

• Scalable bandwidth without having to change interfaces

• A transparent LAN service that hides the complexity of the WAN for end users (a WAN that looks like a LAN)

• High availability LAN service because of end-to-end SDH protection switching.

Interfaces:


RJ-45 connector

Standard compliance：

- 10BASE-T (IEEE 802.3) - 100BASE-TX (IEEE 802.3u)

Data rate supported：

- 10Mbit/s (half-duplex, duplex, flow control) - 100Mbit/s (half-duplex, duplex, flow control)

FE Electrical Interface

Cables：

- 10BASE-T: 100 Ohms–two pairs shielded twisted pair cable (STP) and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category 5 UTP). The reaching distance is up to 100m - 100BASE-T: 100 Ohms–two pairs shielded twisted pair cable (STP) and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category 5 UTP). The reaching distance is up to 100m.

Figure 21: 4×××× FE/T interface description

LED’s:

Color Description

Green A green LED per interface indicates the link up and down: On: the link is up Off: the link is down

Yellow

A yellow LED per interface indicates the activity: On: transmitting or receiving data Off: no data

Figure 22: 4×××× FE module each FE port LEDs

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Performance Monitoring:

4× FE module support MAC, GFP and SDH level performance monitoring.

Signal Parameters

Received signal: (from the customer to the system)

• Unicast frames

• Multicast frames

• Broadcast frames

• PAUSE frames

• Total frames

• Bad frames

• CRC erred frames

• Oversize frames

• Undersize frames

• Unicast bytes

• Multicast bytes

• Broadcast bytes

• Total Bytes

• Bytes of bad packets

Transmitted (Sent) signal: (from the system to the customer)

• Unicast frames

• Multicast frames

• Broadcast frames

• PAUSE frames

• All bytes

Figure 23: FE port Performance Monitoring Parameters

Signal Parameters

Received: (at GFP sink, from the remote node to the local node)

• Unicast frames

• Frames in single-bit cHEC error

• Frames in single-bit tHEC error

• Frames in multi-bit tHEC error

• Valid data frames

• Total bytes of payload

Figure 24: Performance Monitoring parameters per GFP channel

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Parameters

• BIP-2 in V5 byte

• REI in V5 [bit 3]

• ES/CSES/SES/BBE/UAP/UAS (Near End/ Far End).

Figure 25: SDH Performance Monitoring parameters

4.8 8× E1 Service Interfaces

SURPASS hiT 7020 provides 8× E1 interfaces. The E1 interface is 2.048MBits/s electrical interface and is in compliance with the ITU-T G.703 standard. This SURPASS hiT 7020 supports ITU-T G.707 asynchronies mapping of E1 signal into a VC-12 container.

The 8× E1 interface version uses 8 RJ-48 connectors. The impedance of E1 interface can be ordered as either 75 Ohm or 120 Ohm.

Both the symmetrical und coax cable uses the RJ-48 connector.

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5. Protection and Redundacy

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports multiple layer network protection functions and multiple layer protection escalation. The network protection functions supported are:

• MSP 1+1 protection at STM-1 and STM-4, uni-directional or bi-directional, revertive or non-revertive modes, in compliance with ITU-T G.783/841

• SNCP at VC-12, VC4 level, single ended, non-revertive and revertive (wait to restore time form 5 to 13 min.), in compliance with ITU-T G.783/841

• 2-fiber MS-SPRing in STM-4 rings, in compliance with ITU-T G.841.

• LCAS soft protection

• Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (on cards incorporating layer 2 switching capabilities), in compliance with IEEE 802.1w. Spanning tree prevents against loops at the Ethernet level of the network while providing L2 protection.

5.1.1 MSP (1+1)

1+1 MSP (G.841/Clause 7) protects an STM-N link between two adjacent SDH MS (multiplexing section) elements.

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports 1+1 multiplex section protection (MSP) on all STM-N optical ports. MSP 1+1 can be either uni-direction or bi-directional. The protection time is less than 50ms.

SURPASS hiT 7020 also supports Manual switch and Forced switch of MSP.

5.1.2 SNCP

SNCP: Sub-Network Connection Protection (also known as path protection).

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports Sub-Network Connection (SNC) protection (ITU-T G.841). It is available at the VC-12 and VC-4 level. SURPASS hiT 7020 supports VC-4/12 SNC protection between any pair of VC-4/12s in any STM-N Card.

The protection switch time for SNC protection is less than 50 ms.

The SNC protection scheme supported in SURPASS hiT 7020 is inherently monitored SNC or SNC/I. So SNCP protected VC-4s are protected against AIS or LOP at the AU-4 level (server layer defects) and against misconnections (trace identifier mismatch or VC-4 dTIM), and disconnections (unequipped signal or VC-4 dUNEQ), or signal fail

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(VC-4 SF) in the VC-4 itself. Likewise, SNCP protected VC-12s are protected against TU12-AIS, TU12-LOP (server layer defects), VC-12 dTIM, dUNEQ and SF.

An advantage of SNCP is the flexibility to select any segment of the path for protection. The SNC protection can be applied to an end-to-end (from source to sink termination point) VC-n path, or to one or multiple links within the end-to-end path. It is also simple and easy to implement, as there is no signaling required between the source and destination nodes.

5.1.3 MS-SPRing

The SURPASS hiT 7020 supports 2 fiber MS-SPRing. The protection (detection and switching) is guaranteed to be finished within 50ms. The wait-to-restore time is user configurable with a default value of 300 sec. The system also supports force switching and manual switching.

In an STM-4 ring with MS-SPRing function enabled, a total of 4 AU4s are divided evenly into 2 groups: working AU4s (time slots 1 and 2) and protection AU4s (time slots 3 and 4).

The SURPASS hiT 7020 does not support Extra Traffic (ET), or Non-preemptible and Unprotected Traffic (NUT).

5.1.4 LCAS soft protection

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports the combination of VCat and LCAS to provide VC-12 level soft protection.

LCAS allows hitless adjustment of the size of a virtually concatenated group of channels. For example, when VC-12-Xv bandwidth is used to transmit a data channel through the SDH network. In case that certain VC-12s of the same VC-12-Xv group fail, SURPASS hiT 7020 will use LCAS to delete the failed VCs from the group, and the traffic is dynamically, or on the fly, adapted to the remaining bandwidth for transmission.

When the failure is repaired, LCAS will automatically re-adjust (recover) the capacity of the channel to the originally configured bandwidth.

For most effective use of this LCAS soft protection feature, partitions of the VC-Xv channel shall be routed diversely throughout the network.

5.1.5 Rapid Spanning Tree

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports L2 switching and RSTP (IEEE 802.1w compliant) based layer 2 protection in meshed or ring networks. RSTP automatically establishes a linear or tree type logical layer 2 network preventing loops.

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Depending on the so-called maximal bridge parameter, convergence times as short as 1..2 seconds can be reached.

RSTP based protection is different from SDH layer protection. SDH protection is considered a physical layer protection, while RSTP is a Layer 2 protection scheme. When a layer 2 Ethernet data fault is detected, even though the physical connectivity is good, RSTP will direct the data to another physical path.

Especially in ring configurations build up through the WAN ports of the Layer 2 bandwidth can be saved compared to meshed / star configuration.

The layer 2 protection is provided through the Rapid Spanning Tree protocol.

5.1.6 Multible Layers Protection

SURPASS hiT 7020 provides increased network reliability by inter-operating MAC layer 2 protection with SDH protection using different hold off times at different layers. When a network failure is detected in multiple layers, the lower layer protection is performed first. The higher-level protection will occur only if the lower layer protection does not succeed.

For example, in a fiber failure condition, SDH layer protection will be performed first. If the SDH layer protection is successful, the Ethernet layer protection will not be performed. However, if the SDH layer protection fails (the failure is declared after a pre-defined hold off time; for example 100ms), the RSTP in the layer 2 will react to the failure and provide the protection by directing the data to an alternative path. The hold off time in the Ethernet layer is user provisionable.

5.1.7 Equipment Protection

• Powering protection: dual power feed: 2 x DC power supply

• Duplicated Fans

• Thermal Sensor to detect if the internal temperature exceeds the threshold

5.1.8 Protection in special Conditions

• Unit power-off and software reset protection: System application software and data files are stored in both SDRAM and FLASH, where the copy in the FLASH is the backup copy. When the module is powered-off or reset, software can automatically retrieve the previous copy of application program and data from the FLASH.

• Software download protection: when power fails during software download, the SURPASS hiT 7020 BIOS will be written protected. The

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BIOS is guaranteed not to start the uncompleted software program or data file. After the power recovery, SURPASS hiT 7020 supports continued software download. All application software programs and data files can be downloaded to a NE while the NE is in-service. Software download verification process prevents data errors from transmission.

• Software upgrade protection: the SURPASS hiT 7020 controller contains two copies of the system software. During the software upgrade, one copy will be replaced by the new version of the software. After the new version is confirmed, the switch over to the new version does not affect the service traffic, and the existing system setting and configuration are maintained. If the system upgrade fails, the system can be switched back to the old version. Only when the new software version is confirmed working properly, can the old version be erased.

5.1.9 Software Fault Tolerance

The software design of the SURPASS hiT 7020 NE adopts the principles of the software engineering, involving a top-down and object-oriented software design methods. Advanced software developing management and designing technology assure the high quality and reliability of NE software.

• Software modularization and low coupling between modules

• Multiple level software programs and data protection, with self-checking and self-recovering functions

• Data transmission checking and re-transmitting mechanisms are implemented in all control signal transmission channels between modules to minimize the transmitting errors

• Adopted internal dog-circuit in CPU to avoid the impact of software deadlock or shut down. No service affected when the software performs warm reset

• Adopted common software platform approach. SURPASS hiT 7020 supports code sharing and reuses as many as field proven codes to provide higher software reliability.

5.1.10 Data Security

SURPASS hiT 7020 adopts database module technology and manages data uniformly, which enhances the data security:

• Database and database files each have a data checking function

• Database files are protected according to importance level of data. Errors of lower level database files will not affect higher level database files

• There are two copies in the NE FLASH, two copies protect each other

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6. Technical Specification

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports the following multiplexing structure and terminated mapping and payload mapping structures.

Bit Rate Cross-connect multiplexing structure

STM-4<->AUG-4<->AUG-1<->AU-4

STM-4<->AUG-4<->AUG-1<->AU-4<->VC-4<->TUG-3<->TU-3 622.08Mb/s

STM-4<->AUG-4<->AUG-1<->AU-4<->VC-4<->TUG-3<-> TUG-2<->TU-12

STM-1<->AUG-1<->AU-4

STM-1<->AUG-1<->AU-4<->VC-4<->TUG-3<->TU-3 155.54 Mb/s

STM-1<->AUG-1<->AU-4<->VC-4<->TUG-3<->TUG-2<->TU-12

Figure 26: Cross-Connect Multiplexing Structure acc. ITU-T G.707

Bit Rate Terminated Mapping Structure Container

E1 (2.048Mbit/s) E1 <-> C-12 <-> VC-12<-> TU-12<-> TUG-2 …… C-12

10/100 Mb/s (FE)

10/100Mbit/s (FE)<->GFP <-> C-12-Xv <-> VC-12- Xv (X=1..46)

C-12

Figure 27: Terminated Mapping Structure

6.1 SDH Overhead

The SURPASS hiT 7020 supports the following SDH overhead process as shown in table below:

Overhead Name Description SURPASS hiT 7020

Support

A1 and A2 Framing Bytes �

J0 Regenerator Section Trace �

B1 Regenerator Section BIP-8 �

E1 Regenerator Section Order wire �

F1 Regenerator Section User Channel �

RS-OH

D1~D3 Section DCC �

B2 BIP-Nx24 � MS-OH

K1, K2 (b1~b5) APS �

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Overhead Name Description SURPASS hiT 7020

Support

K2 (b6~b8) MS-RDI �

D4~D12 Multiplex Section DCC �

S1 Synchronous Status �

M0，M1 MS-REI �

E2 Line Orderwire �

J1 Path Trace �

B3 Path BIP-8 �

C2 Path Signal Label �

G1 Path Status �

F2 Path User Channel

H4 Position and Sequence Indicator �

F3 Path User Channel

K3 (b1~b4) APS

K3 (b5~b6) Spare

K3 (b7~b8) Data link

VC-4-Xc/VC-4/VC-3 POH

N1 Network Operator Byte

V5 (b1~b2) BIP-2 �

V5 (b3) LP-REI �

V5 (b4) LP-RFI �

V5 (b5~b7) Signal Label �

V5（b8） LP-RDI �

J2 Path Trace �

N2 Network Operator Byte

K4(b1~b4) APS

K4(b5~b7) Reserved

VC-2/VC-1 POH

K4(b8) Data Link

Figure 28: SDH overhead bytes supported by SURPASS hiT 7020

6.2 Interface Types

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports the following interfaces listed in the following figure:

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Interface Types Interface Name and Rates

Electrical Interface 10/100M Base-TE1 (2048kbit/s)

Optical Interface STM-1 (155.520Mbit/s) STM-4 (622.080Mbit/s)

Timing Interface 2048kbit/s

Auxiliary(Management and Maintenance Interface) RS-232, RJ-45 (802.3 LAN)

Figure 29 SURPASS hiT 7020 Interface Types

6.2.1 Electrical Interfaces

SURPASS hiT 7020 Ethernet 10/100M Base-T rate-adaptive electrical interface complies with IEEE Standard 802.3. The transmission media is 100 Ohms–two pairs shielded twisted pair cable (STP) and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category 5 UTP); the interface connector is using standard RJ-45 (100 Ohm) connector.

SURPASS hiT 7020 E1 interface complies with ITU-T G.703 Recommendation and uses RJ-48 (75ohm or 120ohm) connector.

6.2.2 Optical Interfaces

The SURPASS hiT 7020 optical interfaces comply with ITU-T Recommendations G.957 and G.691. The SFP optical modules are field replaceable.

Optical Interfaces:

• STM-4 SFP interface — S-4.1, L-4.2 and L-4.3

• STM-1 SFP interface — S-1.1, L-1.1 and L-1.2

Laser safety for the STM-4 and STM-1 optical interface: complies with IEC-60825 recommendations.

6.2.3 Management and Maintenance Interface

The system management interfaces are located on the main board:

• a DB9 connector to connect a Local Craft Terminal

• an RJ-45 connector to connect to a network or sub-network management system (Q-port)

• an RJ-45 connector for alarm outputs

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There are four LED indicators on the main board: one power status LED, and three system alarm LEDs (Major, Critical, and Minor).

SURPASS hiT 7020 provides a RJ-45 Alarm port. The Alarm RJ45 port integrates 2 Station Alarm Outputs, 1 MDO and 1 MDI, the contacts assignment is described in the following figure.

CR MJ MDI MDO

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RJ45 Interface

Figure 30: RJ45 pin assignment

Station Alarm Output

The system provides 2 contact pairs in the Alarm RJ45 interface for Station Alarm output. The interface offers two hard contacts, which can be used to extend the alarm signals from the system to the station alarm scheme.

One contact is used for Critical and Major alarm output which will drive audible and visible Critical or Major alarm output. Another contact is used for Minor visible alarm output which only drives the visible Minor alarm output. There is no suppressing button on this system. The warning and indeterminate alarms won’t activate the contacts.

MDI/MDO

The Miscellaneous Discrete Input (MDI) function is used to read alarms in a station and reports the alarm occurrence. Miscellaneous Discrete Output (MDO) function is used to control equipment, such as air conditioner, power generators, and alarm bells, via the CLI or EMS.

MDI monitors the external alarm received at MDI interface port and sends alarm notification. System has 1 MDI contact pair on the front face. Alarm logic can be changed and selectable by the user. Default status of the MDI port is “1” (open).

MDO is used to output control status to the corresponding MDO interface port by issuing a command via CLI or EMS. System has 1 MDO pair on the front face. MDO alarm polarity and duration time can be set. Default is "0"(closed) continually.

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6.3 Interface Performance Specifications

The SURPASS hiT 7020 performance specifications for the optical and electrical interfaces, timing and synchronization, and jitter, as well as tests for electromagnetic compatibility, environment, and vibration comply with the ITU-T Recommendations G.957, G.703, and IEEE Standard 802.3.

6.3.1 Optical Interface Performances

The following table provides SURPASS hiT 7020 supported optical interfaces and application codes.

Application Intra-office Inter-office Short-haul

Inter-office Long-haul

Operating wavelength range

(nm) 1310 1310 1550

Type of fiber ITU-T Rec.

G.652 ITU-T Rec.

G.652 ITU-T Rec. G.652

(G.653)

Distance (km)* 15 40 80

STM-1 S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2

STM-4 S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2,(L-4.3)

* (1) Target distance is used for classification, not for standardization. (2) The actual transmission distance can be calculated base on the transmitter power, receiver sensitivity and fiber loss.

Figure 31: STM-1/4 Optical Interface Parameters and Application Codes

6.3.2 STM-1 Optical Interface Performance

The following tables show the STM-1, and STM-4 optical interface parameters specified for the transmitter at point S, the receiver at point R, and the optical path between points S and R:

Item Unit Value

Nominal bit rate Mbit/s 155 155 155

Application code S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2

Operating wavelength range nm 1261-1360 1263-1360 1480-1580

Source Type FP SLM SLM

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Item Unit Value

Maximum RMS width (σ) nm 7.7 - -

Maximum-20dBwidth nm 1 1 1

Minimum side mode suppression ratio

dB 30 30 30

Mean launch power (Max.) dBm -8 0 0

Mean launch power (Min.) dBm -15 -5 -5

Transmitter at reference point S

Minimum extinction ratio dB 8.2 10 10

Attenuation range dB 0-12 10-28 10-28

Maximum dispersion Ps/nm 96 N/A N/A

Minimum optical return loss of cable plant at S, including any connectors

dB NA 20 Optical path between S and R

Maximum discrete reflectance between S and R

dB NA -25

Minimum sensitivity (BER≤10-12)

dBm -28 -34 -34

Minimum overload dBm -8 -10 -10

Maximum optical path penalty dB 1 1 1

Receiver at reference point R

Max. reflectance of receiver, measured at R

dB NA N/A -25

Figure 32: STM-1 Optical Interface Specifications

6.3.3 STM-4 Optical Interface Performance

Item Unit Value

Operating bit rate Mbit/s 622 622 622 622

Application code S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2 L-4.3

Operating wavelength range nm 1274-1356 1280-1335 1480-1580 1480-1580

Source type FP SLM SLM SLM

Maximum RMS width (σ)

nm 2.5 - NA NA

Maximum -20dBwidth nm NA 1 1 1

Minimum side mode suppression ratio

dB 30 30 30 30

Transmitter at reference point S

Mean launch power (Max.)

dBm -8 +2 +2 +2

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Item Unit Value

Mean launch power (Min.)

dBm -15 -3 -3 -3

Minimum extinction ratio dB 8.2 10 10 10

Attenuation range dB 0-12 10-24 10-24 10-24

Maximum dispersion Ps/nm NA 2400 N/A

Minimum optical return loss of cable plant at S, including any connectors

dB NA 20 24 20 Optical path between S and R

Maximum discrete reflectance between S and R

dB NA -25 -27 -25

Minimum sensitivity (BER≤10-12)

dBm -28 -28 -28 -28

Minimum overload dBm -8 -8 -8 -8

Maximum optical path penalty

dB 1 1 1 1

Receiver at reference point R

Max. reflectance of receiver, measured at R

dB -27 -27 -27 -14

Figure 33: STM-4 Optical Interface Specifications

6.3.4 Electrical Interface Performances

This section provides the E1 electrical interface specifications:

• 2,048 Kbit/s digital interface

• Allowable bit rate deviation of 2,048 Kbit/s and 10/100 Base-T Output Signals

• Allowable attenuation at the 2,048 Kbit/s input port

• Allowable frequency deviation at the 2,048 Kbit/s and 10/100 Base-T

• Anti-interference capability of the 2,048 Kbit/s input port.

6.3.4.1 E1 Electrical Interface Parameters Specification

The following table shows the parameters for the 2048 Kbit/s digital interface:

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Pulse Shape (Nominally Rectangular)

All marks of a valid signal must conform to the mask irrespective of the sign. The value V corresponds to the nominal peak value.

Pair(s) in each direction One coaxial pair or one symmetrical pair

Test load impedance 75 Ohms resistive or 120 ohms resistive

Nominal peak voltage of a mark (pulse) 2.37 V for 75 Ohm, 3V for 120 Ohm

Peak voltage of a space (no pulse) 0 ± 0.237 V for 75 Ohm, 0 ± 0.3 V for 120 Ohm.

Nominal pulse width 244 ns

Ratio of the amplitudes of positive and negative pulses at the center of the pulse

interval 0.95 to 1.05

Ratio of the widths of positive and negative pulses at the nominal half amplitude

0.95 to 1.05

Interface Threshold Measurement Filter Bandwidth

Rate 20Hz– 100 kHz 18kHz–100

kHz

Maximum peak-to-peak jitter at an output port

2048 kbit/s 1.5 UI 0.2 UI

Figure 34: 2048 kbit/s Electrical Interface Parameters acc to ITU-T G.703

6.3.4.2 Allowable Bit Rate Deviation of Output Signals

Allowable Bit Rate Deviation of Output Signals is the difference between the actual signal bit rate and the nominal bit rate measured under AIS output condition. SURPASS hiT 7020 meets the standard requirements of output signal allowable bit rate deviation as shown below.

Electrical Interface Types Standard Requirements (ppm)

2048 kbit/s ±50

10/100 Base-T ±100

Figure 35: 2048 kbit/s Electrical Interface Parameters acc to ITU-T G.703

6.3.4.3 Allowable Attenuation at the Input Port

SURPASS hiT 7020 meets the standard requirements for the allowable attenuation at the input port below:

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Electrical Interface Types Standard Requirements (dB)

2048 kbit/s 0 ~ 6

Figure 36: Electrical Interface Allowable Input Attenuation

6.3.4.4 Allowable Frequency Deviation at the Input Port

Allowable input signals frequency deviation is the signal bit rate variation range that the system can tolerate. The following table shows the standard requirements for the allowable frequency deviation at the input port:

Electrical Interface Types Standard Requirements (ppm)

2048 kbit/s ±50

10/100 Base-T ±100

Figure 37: Electrical Interface Allowable Input Port Frequency Deviation

6.3.4.5 Anti-interference Capability of the Input Port

SURPASS hiT 7020 meets the standard requirements for the anti-interference capability of the input port:

Electrical Interface Types Standard Requirements (dB)

2048 kbit/s 18

Figure 38: Electrical Interface Input Port Anti-Interference Capability

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6.3.5 Timing and Synchronization Performance

6.3.5.1 Output Jitter

The following table shows the maximum acceptable level of network output jitter for the timing (synchronization) interface:

Output Interface Measuring band

(-3dB frequencies) Peak-to-peak Amplitude (UIpp)

PRC 20 ~ 100 K 0.05 UI

SSU 20 ~ 100 K 0.05 UI

20 ~ 100 K 0.5 UI SEC

49 ~ 100 K 0.2 UI

20 ~ 100 K 1.5 UI SECPDH Synchronization (2048 kbit/s)

18 ~ 100 K 0.2 UI

Figure 39: Timing Output Jitter

6.3.5.2 Internal Timing Source Output Frequency

The following table shows the output accuracy of the timing interface in its free-run mode:

Timing Interface Standard requirement (ppm)

System Clock STM 1/4 main board ± 4.6

Figure 40: Internal Timing Source Output Frequency

6.3.6 Jitter Performance

Jitter and wander tolerance, transfer, and production specifications comply with the ITU-T Recommendations G.783, G.813 Option 1, G.823, G.824, G.825, and G.958; and ETSI standards.

6.3.6.1 STM-1/4 Interface Output Jitter

The following table shows the maximum acceptable level of output jitter at any STM-N output within a digital network (measured of a 60 second interval):

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Interface Measuring band

(-3dB frequencies) Peak-to-peak Amplitude (UIpp)

500 Hz ~ 1.3 MHz 1.50 UI STM-1 (Optical)

65 Hz ~ 1.3 MHz 0.15 UI

1000 Hz ~ 5 MHz 1.50 UI STM-4 (Optical)

250 Hz ~ 5 MHz 0.15 UI

Figure 41: STM-1/4 Interface Output Jitter

6.3.6.2 STM-1, STM-4, and PDH Input Interface Jitter Tolerance

The following tables show the input jitter tolerance for the STM-N interfaces:

Interface Frequency (Hz) Peak-to-Peak Jitter Amplitude

10 < f <= 19.3 38.9 UI (.25 us)

19.3 < f <= 68.7 750 f -1 UI

68.7 < f <= 500 750 f -1 UI

500 < f <= 6.5 k 1.5 UI

6.5 k < f <= 65k 9.8 x 103 f -1 UI

STM-1 (Optical)

65 k < f <= 1.3 M 0.15 UI

Figure 42: STM-1 Interface Jitter Tolerance

Interface Frequency (Hz) Peak-to-Peak Jitter Amplitude

STM-4 (Optical) 9.65 < f <= 100 1500 f -1 UI

100 < f <= 1000 1500 f -1 UI

1 k < f <= 25 k 1.5 UI

25 k < f <= 250 k 3.8 x 104 f -1 UI

250 k < f <= 5 M 0.15 UI

Figure 43: STM-4 Interface Jitter Tolerance

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Maximum Peak-Peak

Jitter Filter Characteristics

Mapping G.703

(PDH) Interface

f1 High pass f3 High pass f4 Low pass

f1-f4 f3-f4

2048 kbit/s 20 Hz 20 dB/dec

18 kHz (700 Hz) 20 dB/dec

100 kHz –60 dB/dec

0.075 UI

Figure 44: PDH mapping jitter generation specification

Maximum Peak-Peak Jitter Filter Characteristics

Combined G.703 (PDH) Interface

f1 hgh pass f3 hgh pass f4 low pass f1-f4 f3-f4

2048 kbit/s 20 Hz 20 dB/dec

18 kHz (700 Hz) 20 dB/dec

100 kHz –60 dB/dec

0.4 UI 0.075 UI

Figure 45: SURPASS hiT 7020 PDH interface combined jitter generation specification

6.4 Timing

SURPASS hiT 7020 provides the following timing clock interfaces:

• Line/tributary timing (STM-1/4 lines or tributaries, or E1 tributary)

• Internal clock (ITU-T G.813 option 1), for STM-4 main board

6.5 Power Source and Consumption

6.5.1 Power Modules

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports -60（voltage range from –40 V to - 72 V) DC power

supply or 100-240V AC power supply. For DC power at load balanced 1+1 power supply modular protection is provided.

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6.5.2 Power Consumption

Total power consumption:

STM-1 system configuration: 25W (Typical)

STM-4 system configuration: up to 50W (Typical)

6.6 Mechanical Structure

SURPASS hiT 7020 chassis mechanical parameters:

• Height: 44.5mm (1.75 inch, 1RU)

• Width: 433mm (17 inch)

• Depth: 210mm (8.24 inch)

• Weight: Maximum 6 kg

SURPASS hiT 7020 can be installed in the following racks:

• EIA 310 19”

• 2200mm(Height) × 600mm (Width) × 300mm (Depth)

• 2600mm (Height) × 600mm (Width) × 300mm (Depth)

• Desktop

6.7 Environment Requirements

SURPASS hiT 7020 system is designed to comply with the following ETSI requirements (ETS 300 019) on environmental conditions:

• ETSI Class 3.1 E on Environment,

• ETSI Class 1.2 on Storage

• ETSI Class 2.3 on Transportation

The environmental conditions required by SURPASS hiT 7020 are as follows:

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Environmental Condition Temperature Relative Humidity

Transport and storage -20℃ ~ 60℃ 2% ~ 98%

Operation for long term -5℃ ~ 45℃ 5% ~ 90% (30℃)

Operation for short term -10℃ ~ 50℃ 5% ~ 90% (30℃)

Figure 46: SURPASS hiT 7020 Environmental Requirements

6.8 Electromagnetic Compatibility

SURPASS hiT 7020 is designed to comply with the current and oncoming mandatory

requirements of ETS300386 and ETS300127 specifications，ETS300386 specification

is based on EN55022/CISPR22 (emission) and EN61000-4-x (immunity):

Item Standard Reference

Radiated Emission EN 55022 Class A

Conducted Emission -DC-power -Telecom. Ports

ETS 300 386-1 (corresponds with EN 55022 class A for 0.15 to 30 MHz)

Electrostatic Discharge EN 61000-4-2, Level 4

Radiated Immunity EN 61000-4-3, Level 2

Electrical Fast Transients -DC Ports -Telecom. Ports

EN 61000-4-4, Level 1 EN 61000-4-4, Level 2

Surges Indoor Telecom. Ports

EN 61000-4-5, Level 1

Continuous Wave All ports

(Telecom ports, DC)

EN 61000-4-6, Level 2

Figure 47: SURPASS hiT 7020 Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements

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6.9 Vibration Tests

6.9.1 Shipping Test

SURPASS hiT 7020 meets the following shipping test standards.

Test Test Standard

Amplitude (>= 0.6 mm) ETSI

Acceleration (>= 15 m/s—X, Y, Z three directions) ETSI

Test time (>=3 hours) ETSI

Figure 48: Shipping test standards

6.9.2 Office Test

SURPASS hiT 7020 meets the following office test standards.

Test Test Standard

Amplitude (>= 0.6 mm) ETSI

Acceleration (>= 15 m/s—X, Y, Z three directions) ETSI

Test time (>= 3 hours) ETSI

Figure 49: Office test standards

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7. Standard Compliance

The SURPASS design of SURPASS hiT 7020 is based on the following standards:

• Electronic Industry Association (EIA)

• European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

IEEE 802.1Q Virtual LANs

802.1p Traffic Class Expediting and Dynamic Multicast Filtering

802.3 CSMA/CD Access Method

International Telecommunication Union–Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Recommendations:

ITU-T G.703 Physical/Electrical Characteristics of Hierarchical Digital Interfaces

G.7041/Y1303 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)

G.7042/Y1305 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) for Virtual Concatenated Signals

G.707/Y1322 Network Node Interface for the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

G.774 SDH Management Information Model for Network Element View

G.781 Synchronization Layer Functions

G.783 Characteristics of Synchronization Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Equipment Functional Blocks

G.784 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Management

G.803 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Transport Network Architecture

G.813 Timing Characteristics of SDH Equipment Slave Clocks (SEC)

G.823 Control Of Jitter and Wander within Digital Networks which are Based on the 2048 Kbit/s hierarchy

G.825 “The Control of Jitter and Wander Within Digital Networks which are based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)”

G.826 Error Performance Parameters and Objectives For International, Constant Bit-Rate Digital Paths At Or Above The Primary Rate

G.828 Error Performance Parameters and Objectives For International, Constant Bit Rate Synchronous Digital Paths

G.829 Error Performance Events for SDH Multiplex and Regenerator Sections

G.831 Management Capabilities Of Transport Networks Based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

G.841 Types and Characteristics of SDH Network Protection Architectures

G.842 Interworking of SDH Network Protection Architecture

G.957 Optical Interfaces for Equipment and System Relating to the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

G.958 Digital Line Systems Based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy for Use on Optical Fibre Cables

G.664 Optical Safety Procedures and Requirements for Optical Transport System

M.3010 Principles for a Telecommunications Management Network

M.3300 TMN F Interface Requirements

G.etna Ethernet over Transport Network Architecture (ETNA)

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8. Abbreviations

CC Compact Core variant of hiT 7050 8

CPE Customer Premise Equipment 8

FP Flat Pack variant of hiT 7050 8

GFP Generic Frame Procedure 55

LAN Local Area Network 54

LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme 54

RPR Resilient Packet Ring 54

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy - Transmission technology 7

SONET Synchronous Optical NETwork 54

TDM Time Division Multiplex 55

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9. Appendix 1: Basis Technologies

In this section, the following key basis technologies for SURPASS hiT 70series are described:

• Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)

• Virtual Concatenation (VCat, a standard way of packing lower bandwidth circuits into SDH/SONET frames)

• Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)

• Ethernet Functions

• RPR (Resilient Packet Ring)

9.1 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)

GFP/G.7041 provides a framing procedure for octet-aligned, variable-length payloads for subsequent mapping into SDH VC-groups.

GFP differs from other packet mappings (e.g., Packet over SONET) because it is Layer 2 independent and maintains the Layer-2 header information, in a manner such that the destination node may reproduce the entire stream of Layer-2 frames. This in turn, allows the transport network to transparently connect two Layer-2 devices.

GFP standard includes two modes: transparent and frame-mapped.

• Transparent Mode (GFP-T) allows block-coded LAN and SAN signals, such as Gigabit Ethernet, Fiber Channel, Ficon, and Escon, to be transported and switched across an optical network, while preserving the full client-signal information

• Frame-Mapped Mode (GFP-F), on the other hand, is used to adapt Protocol Data Unit (PDU)-oriented signals – client signals that are already framed or packetized by the client protocol – and may operate at the data-link layer (or higher) of the client signal. GFP-F maps one frame or packet of the client signal, such as IP/PPP or Ethernet MAC, into one GFP frame. GFP frames, each associated with different clients, can be multiplexed onto a single TDM channel before SDH transport. This packet aggregation capability provides greater bandwidth efficiency.

SURPASS hiT 7020 supports the GFP-F mode. The FCS of the GFP frame may optionally be used, additionally to the FCS of the Ethernet frame.

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VC

Overhead VC Payload

GFP Frame

Preamble SFD control0x11 DA 6-bytes SA 6-bytes T/L 2-bytes Payload CRC 4-bytesEthernet Packet

PLI 2-bytes HEC 2 byte type 2-bytes HEC 2byte GFP Ex Payload FCS 4-bytes

Core Header Payload Header

Variable 4-65535 Byte

GFP Frame

SDH Frame

Figure 50: GFP mapping

Benefits of GFP

The key benefits of GFP are the uniform mechanism to support all L2 protocols and high encapsulation efficiency. This provides convergence of next-generation services with existing infrastructure investment to provide network consolidation and cost savings. GFP provides:

• Uniform and deterministic mapping of packet and future services to SDH/SONET transport protocols which is more robust frame delineation than flag-based mechanisms such as HDLC.

• Efficient network resource utilization via GFP’s low overhead characteristics, and compatibility with virtual-concatenation processing.

• Flexibility of Extension Headers. This allows topology application specific fields to be defined without affecting frame delineation functions.

• payload independent frame expansion, and therefore no byte stuffing.

• Greater bandwidth efficiency through GFP-F frame-mode’s support for packet-level multiplexing, which allows aggregation of multiple client streams into a single TDM channel.

• the ability to identify the encapsulated client protocol separately from the Extension Header. This could be used to allow frame forwarding based on Extension Header fields without requiring recognition of the encapsulated client protocol.

• GFP provides the interworking condition among different vendors, which is not so easy to obtain with other alternatives of the Ethernet over SDH,

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like PPP. The following table provides with a comparison between the two methods.

•

GFP Multilink PPP, PPP

Support of topologies Point to point, ring and linear

Point to point

Frame delineation No need for specific frame flags, using the relationship between the PLI and cHEC to delineate frames. More stable.

Specific frame flags (opening/closing flags) are needed.

Bit/Byte stuffing No Mandatory

Class of Service

Yes, GFP frame contains data priority bits which supports for congestion control

Not supported

Extendibility Excellent Not supported

Mapping method Framed, Transparent Mapped

Framed

Jumbo frame support No limitation on the frame length

Not supported

Figure 51: Comparison between GFP and PPP

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9.2 Virtual Concatenation (VCat)

In order to transport payloads exceeding the payload capacity of the standard set of Virtual Container Group (VC-Group), Virtual Concatenation was defined. There are two types of concatenations defined in ITU standards: contiguous and virtual concatenation.

Contiguous concatenation has been part of SDH from its early days. It was conceived to accommodate high-speed data applications that use protocols such as ATM. The ITU G.707 defined contiguously concatenated containers only to support certain rates including: STM-4c, STM-16c and STM-64c.

The basic idea of virtual concatenation (VCat) acc. to ITU-T 707 is to create a finer granularity of payloads than contiguous concatenation can offer. In addition, some legacy SDH equipment may not support contiguous concatenation transport switching, and virtually concatenated traffic is transported as individual VC-groups across the SDH network and recombined at the destination node. Carriers can map any arbitrary bandwidth to a corresponding and appropriate number of VC-12 or VC-3 or VC-4 channels. The benefits of VCat are:

Efficiency: little bandwidth is wasted and carriers now have a more efficient scenario for carrying data over the SDH network.

Compatibility: Virtual concatenation works across legacy networks. Only the end nodes of the network need to be aware of the virtually concatenated containers.

Intermediate SDH nodes forward the single Containers transparently throughout the network. Hence, with virtual concatenation, such channels can be routed over legacy networks that do not support contiguous channels.

Reliability: Virtual Concatenation, along with LCAS, allow new and efficient shared protection mechanism.

9.3 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)

LCAS (ITU-T Recommendation G.7042/Y. 1305, approved by the ITU-T in November 2001) is a protocol to synchronize the re-sizing of a virtual concatenation group in use, so it can be changed without corrupting packets in the process. LCAS provides automatic recovery of a link after member failures.

LCAS builds on Virtual Concatenation. While the virtual concatenation is a simple labeling of individual VC members within a virtual concatenation group, LCAS is a two-way signalling protocol that runs continuously between the two ends of the pipe and ensures that commands from the network management system to alter the pipe capacity do not impair the user’s traffic. LCAS adds several highly significant features to SDH’s capabilities:

• The combination of VCat and LCAS creates fine-tuned and variable capacity SDH pipes to match the needs of packet data QOS (quality of service) and customer SLAs (service-level agreements) – and to boost carriers’ traffic-handling scalability and efficiency. LCAS allows adjustment of the size of a virtually concatenated group of channels.

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• The combination of VCat and LCAS can also provide soft protection schemes. Using VCat, traffic is distributively mapped into several SDH containers (e.g. VC-12s) and sent by different paths. When certain VC-12s in the same VC group fail, LCAS can delete the failed VCs from the group. The traffic can then be dynamically adapted to the rest of the VC12s bandwidth for transmission. Otherwise – without LCAS - a failure in one path of a channel built up of diversely routed paths would lead to loss of all the traffic.

9.4 RPR (Resilient Packet Ring)

Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is a network topology being developed as a new standard for fiber optic rings. It is being standardized in IEEE 802.17. It is designed to meet the requirements of a packet-based MAN like guaranteed service quality and bandwidth management within Service Level Agreements:

Key Features:

• Unicast, multicast1, and broadcast data transfer

• Fast service restoration

• Different service classes

• Ring capacity reuse downstream of unicast destination

• Weighted fair access to available ring capacity

When using RPR, spatial reuse is implemented. RPR´s inherited protection provide less than 50ms switching time.

9.5 Ethernet Functions and Services

Layer 2 Ethernet functions implemented in state-of-the-art transport system may include the following:

• Layer 2 aggregation

• Layer 2 switching

• 802.1p QoS/CoS based on Ethernet port and/or VLAN

• Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) to provide Layer 2 traffic protection

• Rate limiting function per port and policing per Port or per VLAN basis, the maximum allowable rate per port or per VLAN is user provisionable.

• VLAN function

• Ethernet Shared Ring (ESR) : Layer 2 switch and Aggregator cards: all the traffic goes through the shared ring.

• Ethernet / (virtual) Private Line / Ethernet Private-Line (EpL)

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• Ethernet (virtual) LAN (EvLAN) / Ethernet-LAN (ELAN)

• RPR for MP 2 MP

10. Appendix 2: Related Documents

• Technical Product Description SURPASS hiT 7070 SC/DC

• Technical Product Descrption SURPASS hiT 7050 FP/CC

• Technical Product Description SURPASS hiT 7060 HC

• Technical Product Description SURPASS hiT 7060




11. Annex Documents

• SURPASS hiT 70series TD Annex GFP

• SURPASS hiT70series TD Annex LCAS

• SURPASS hiT 70series TD Ethernet Bandwidth

• Ethernet Card Description @ hiT 70xx

Technical Description SURPASS hiT 7020

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