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Technical assistance for support to mechanism for monitoring Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions

EuropeAid/134454/D/SER/TR

Training and Assistance Needs AnalysisandOn-The Job Training Programme Report

Component 2

August 2015

This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of TurkeyBu proje A rupa Birli i e Türkiye Cumhuriyeti taraf ndan finanse edilmektedir

Technical Assistance for Support to Mechanism for Monitoring Turkey's Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Project co‐funded by the European Union & the Republic of Turkey

REPORT ON THE TANA AND ON‐THE‐JOB TRAINING PROGRAMME ‐ COMPONENT 2, AUGUST 2015 Page 1 of 49

Table of Contents 1. PROJECT SYNOPSIS ......................................................................................................................................... 6

2. PROJECT SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 7

3. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 8

Brief Country Background .................................................................................................................................. 8

Purpose and Scope of TANA ............................................................................................................................... 9

4. TANA PROCESS – COMPONENT 2 ................................................................................................................ 11

Document review process ................................................................................................................................ 11

Interview process ............................................................................................................................................. 12

Group technical meeting process ..................................................................................................................... 13

5. FINDINGS FROM TANA – COMPONENT 2 .................................................................................................... 13

Findings on Turkey’s National Inventory System ............................................................................................. 14

Technical Findings on Turkey’s National Inventory .......................................................................................... 15

6. ON‐THE‐JOB TRAINING PROGRAMME – COMPONENT 2 ............................................................................ 17

General Approach ............................................................................................................................................ 17

Cross Cutting Issue Training ............................................................................................................................. 19

Sector‐Specific Training .................................................................................................................................... 21

Category‐Specific Investigations and Mentoring ............................................................................................. 24

Country Study Trips .......................................................................................................................................... 25

Site Visits .......................................................................................................................................................... 25

UNFCCC Meeting Participation ........................................................................................................................ 25

Scheduling of Training Activities ...................................................................................................................... 25

Training Indicators of Achievement ................................................................................................................. 26

Assumptions and Risks ..................................................................................................................................... 27

7. APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................. 28

7.1 Technical Assistance Needs Assessment Meeting Minutes ................................................................ 29

7.2 Substitute Investigation and Mentoring Projects ............................................................................... 32

7.3 Questionnaire on Turkish Energy Balance .......................................................................................... 37

7.4 Syllabi for Online Course on IPCC Guidelines ...................................................................................... 39

7.5 Study Tour Programme (Italy) ............................................................................................................. 47




Project Title: Technical Assistance for Support to Mechanism for Monitoring Turkey's Greenhouse

Gas Emissions

Project Ref. Number: EuropeAid/134454/D/SER/TR

Report Title: Report on the Training and Assistance Need Analysis and On‐The‐Job Training

Programme for Component 2

Issue Number 1

Revision 1 2 3 4

Date 25 August 2015

Prepared By Michael Gillenwater

Checked By

Domenico GaudiosoChristian Melis

Gamze Çelikyılmaz‐

Aydemir




Report Coverage page

Project Title: Technical Assistance for Support to Mechanism for Monitoring Turkey's

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Project Ref. Number: EuropeAid/134454/D/SER/TR

Contract no: TR2011/0327.21.02‐01/001

Country: Turkey

Name P.A.N.G.E.A. Società Cooperativa Consortile

Address Via Enrico Bindi 14 – 51100 Pistoia, Italy

Telephone +39 (0)573 365967

Fax +39 (0)573 34714

Ε Mail [email protected]

Contact Person Andrea Porta

Date of Report: 25 August 2015

Author of Report: Mr. Michael Gillenwater

The content of this Report is the sole responsibility of the Consultant and can in no way be taken to reflect the

views of the European Union




LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AD Activity Data

BR Biennial Report

CBA Cost ‐ Benefit Analyses

CBCC Coordination Board on Climate Change

CLRTAP Convention on Long‐Range Transboundary Air Pollution

CRF Common Reporting Format

EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EEA European Environmental Agency

EF Emission Factor

EFDB Emission Factors Database

EMEP European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme

EMEP/EEA Air pollutant Emissions Inventory Guidebook (formerly also known as EMEP CORINAIR)

ERT Expert Review Team

ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program

ETS Emissions Trading System

EU European Union

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GEF Global Environmental Facility

GHG Greenhouse gas

GIZ German Federal Enterprise for International Cooperation

IETA International Emissions Trading Association

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale

KE Key Expert

LTI Legal, Technical and Institutional analysis

LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry

MMD Monitoring Mechanism Decision (280/2004/EC)

MMR Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No 280/2004/EC

MoEU Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation

MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification

NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

NC National Communications

NEC National Emissions Ceiling

NIR National Inventory Report

NKE Non‐Key Expert

PaMs Policies and Measures

PMR Partnership for Market Readiness

PSC Project Steering Committee

QA/QC Quality Assurance / Quality Control

SBI Subsidiary Body for Implementation to the UNFCCC

SBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technical Advice to the UNFCCC

SPO Senior Programme Officer

SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

TANA Training and Assistance Need Analysis

TASK‐GHG Technical Assistance for Support to Mechanism for Monitoring Turkey's Greenhouse Gas Emissions

TAT Technical Assistance Team




ToR Terms of Reference

TUBITAK Scientific and Technological Research Council Of Turkey

TurkStat Turkish Statistical Institute

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change




1. PROJECT SYNOPSIS

Project Title Technical Assistance for Support to Mechanism for Monitoring Turkey's Greenhouse Gas

Emissions

Project Ref.

Number EuropeAid/134454/D/SER/TR

Country Turkey

Beneficiary

organisation: Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation

Overall

objective To support Turkey in its efforts to contribute efficiently and effectively, together with the EU,

to the UNFCCC objective to achieve the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the

atmosphere at a level which prevents dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate

system.

Planned

Outcomes

1. Institutional, legal and procedural arrangements in place and linked to the planning, preparation and management of the inventory.

2. Improvement of the quality of the National Inventory Reports, with a focus on improved estimations and reporting following UNFCCC and IPCC guidelines.

3. Improvement of the data quality and technical capacity for preparing elements of the National Communications and biennial update report.

Technical

Assistance

Team

Technical Assistance Team is composed by:

Team Leader/Climate Change Expert, Mr. Christian Melis

Key Expert 2 – Senior Legal Expert, Ms. Alessandra Barreca

Key Expert 3 – Senior Expert on GHG Inventory Work, Mr. Michael Gillenwater

Key Expert 4 – Senior Expert on National Communications, Mr. Stelios Pesmajoglou

Non Key Experts

Project

commencement

date

25 December 2014

Project

duration 28 months – ending date 25 April 2017




2. PROJECT SUMMARY

The project “Technical Assistance for Support to Mechanism for Monitoring Turkey's Greenhouse Gas

Emissions” (TASK‐GHG) has been defined within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol, taking in consideration that all Annex I Parties to the

Convention, including Turkey, have reporting obligations.

It aims to strengthen existing capacities in Turkey and assist the country to:

‐ Fully implement a monitoring mechanism of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in Turkey, in line with

the EU Monitoring Mechanism Regulation 525/2013 repealing Decision 280/2004/EC, and

‐ Better fulfil its reporting requirements to the UNFCCC, including national GHG inventories, National

Communications and Biennial Reports.

The main beneficiary of the project is the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU), as the national

focal point and coordinator of climate change related issues in Turkey. Other relevant stakeholders will be

involved in the project’s activities, including all key Ministries, institutions and national agencies active in the

area of Climate Change and GHG policy, with a particular accent to the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat).

The TASK‐GHG Project consists of three components:

Component 1: Assessment and improvement of the legal and institutional situation and the identification of

steps needed

Component 1 will contribute to the enhancement of the existing institutional arrangements to assist Turkey in

meeting its international GHG emissions reporting commitments, consistently with Regulation 525/2013/EU

requirements. The specific approach includes: Legal, Technical and Institutional gap analysis; identification of

implementation options and definition of an operational work plan to improve the national system; and

development of draft legislation in line with EU Monitoring Mechanism Regulation 525/2013.

Component 2: GHG Inventory

Component 2 will contribute to the development and implementation of a capacity building and training

programme with a view to improving the quality of the annual GHG data and relevant elements of national

inventories of GHG emissions and removals. The specific approach includes: analysis of training and assistance

needs of staff involved in the preparation of the national GHG inventory, definition of training options and a

work plan for the implementation of the training programme.

Component 3: Elements of the National Communications and Biennial Reports

Component 3 will contribute to the development and implementation of a capacity building and training

programme with a view to improving the quality of National Communications and Biennial Reports. The

specific approach includes: identification of training and assistance needs and develop an appropriate training

programme for all staff involved in the preparation of the National Communications and Biennial Reports.




3. INTRODUCTION

Following the completion of the Inception phase, the project has now entered the implementation phase for

all its three components. For Components 2 and 3, the next activity is to identify knowledge gaps and training

needs in the form of a Training and Assistance Needs Analysis (TANA), and to develop a training programme

for relevant personnel involved in the preparation of GHG inventories, NC and BRs. The duration of this

assessment phase of the project is four months and has the following three steps.

Note: Steps are the same for Components 2 and 3 and have been undertaken in parallel.

This document represents the TANA and training programme report for Component 2 of the TASK‐GHG project

and is intended to be submitted for review and approval by the GHG Inventory Core Group established for this

project.

This report first provides brief background on Turkey in the context of this project, followed by a summary of

the scope and purpose of the TANA and training programme. The report then describes the process

understanding to complete the TANA following by a presentation of the TANA’s results. Then an On‐The‐Job

training program is described and proposed for consideration by the beneficiary and GHG Inventory Core

Group and implementation under this project.

Brief Country Background

Turkey acceded as the 189th Party to the UNFCCC on 24 May 2004 and ratified the Kyoto Protocol on 26

August 2009. Under the UNFCCC, Turkey has reporting obligations, including:

To report annually on its GHG emissions and removals in keeping with UNFCCC reporting guidelines and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology guidelines;

To report every few (e.g., four) years a wider set of climate‐related information and data in the form of a NC;

To report every two years a biennial update report containing updates of national GHG inventories, information on mitigation actions, projections, needs and support received, and other relevant information.

These submissions are each reviewed by international Expert Review Teams (ERTs) through a UNFCCC process

and the review reports are considered by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI).

To fulfil the commitments under the Convention, Turkey submitted its first National Inventory Report (NIR) in

2006 covering the 1990‐2004 period, and submitted its first NC in January 2007. Turkey has been submitting its

annual NIR to the UNFCCC since 2006, and the fifth NC of Turkey was submitted in 2013.

Turkey adopted an installation‐level monitoring, reporting and verification system covering all major sources

of GHG emissions from the industry and power generation sectors on 25 April 2012. The first monitoring

Step 1. Conducting the Training and Assistance Needs Analysis

Step 2.Development of the on‐the job training programme

Step 3. Expert dialogue with GHG Inventory Core Group




period is set as January 1st– December 31st 2015 and the reporting for that period will be in April 2016.

Operators are obliged to submit their verified emissions reports annually after that date. This MRV legislation

is based on the EU‐ETS directives. As such, the project is also expected to contribute to the implementation of

the MRV legislation.

Purpose and Scope of TANA

The purpose of the Training and Assistance Needs Analysis (TANA) is to:

Identify areas of Turkey’s NIR and Common Reporting Format (CRF) tables, NC and BR that lack capacity and will benefit from further training; and

Determine what training tools/resources should be used to deliver that training. The TANA and training programme for Component 2 addresses GHG inventories (i.e., NIR and CRF), while the TANA and training programme for Component 3 addresses NCs and BRs, with a particular focus on projections and policies and measures (PAMs). The results of the TANA for each Component provides information about the On‐The‐Job training programme proposed in this report in Chapter 6. This training programme draws upon a range of training methods selected to maximize training outcomes, recognizing the national circumstances of Turkey’s national inventory team and relevant stakeholders. These training methods include:

In‐person large group lecture presentations and hand‐on workshops addressing cross‐cutting and sector‐specific issues for relevant stakeholders;

In‐person small group hands‐on workshops focused on category‐specific issues for relevant stakeholders;

Individual and very small group mentoring sessions to jointly work on challenging data and methodological issues;

On‐line training courses used as preparation for workshops and to reach broader range of stakeholders using existing course curriculum on the IPCC Guidelines available from the Greenhouse Gas Management Institute (GHGMI);

Study trips for select key GHG inventory staff to EU Member States;

Targeted site visits with select key GHG inventory staff to facilities in Turkey to develop intuitive understanding of industry practices; and

Facilitated participation of key staff from the MoEU to UNFCCC COP and intersessional meetings along with experienced member of the Technical Assistance Team (TAT).

The key reference standard for the Component 2 TANA and basis for the training programme is the IPCC guidelines, the latest version of which is the five volumes of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Specifically, this TANA has considered the following cross‐cutting technical and institutional issues:

Cross‐cutting Issues considered for Component 2 on GHG Inventories Planning

Improving and better formalizing institutional arrangements and the process of compiling, writing, and finalizing the NIR and CRF, including coordination across ministries and other stakeholders involved in supplying data, preparing estimates, and report drafting.

Establishing formal procedures for handling confidential data, especially where firm and installation‐level data collected

Developing QA/QC plans at the source/sink category level as well as cross cutting level;

Developing an uncertainty assessment plan that is integrated with QA/QC plan and data collection processes so quantitative inputs to uncertainty assessment are grounded in sound qualitative understanding of data quality challenges




Developing inventory improvement plans that are drawn in line with QA/QC and uncertainty assessment findings, guide inventory quality investments, and are updated at the beginning of each cycle

Data Collection

Method selection, including the preference of higher‐tier methods for key categories

Collection of energy statistics to support both Reference and Sectorial approaches to CO2 estimation and the correct allocation of emissions to the Energy, IPPU, and Waste sectors

Data collection processes and data management systems, , including integration of QC procedures, preparation of CRF tables, and handling of confidential data

Collection of qualitative and quantitative information on parameter data quality and uncertainty in conjunction with data collection processes

Estimation

Methodological choice and the use of higher‐tier methods for key categories

Application of IPCC guidance on time‐series consistency

Estimation of parameter uncertainty and combination of these uncertainties to produce category and overall inventory level uncertainty estimates, including processes for expert elicitation and judgment

Writing

Drafting process for NIR, associated technical annexes, and contributions to national communication and/or biennial reports

Improving transparency in both NIR documentation and the CRF across a range of cross‐cutting and category‐specific issues;

Improving

Improving completeness, with a focus on incomplete estimates for key categories;

Developing and implementing improved QA/QC and inventory improvement plans, including the documentation of QA/QC procedures and findings, and linking these findings with investigations into data quality and uncertainty

Finalizing

Obtain senior management and official political level approval prior to submission

Implementation of QA reviews and reporting of QA results, including integration of these results in inventory improvement plan

The TANA also considered a number of source and sink category‐specific issues, including, but not limited to, the following:

Category‐specific Issues considered for Component 2 on GHG Inventories

Accounting for fossil fuel consumption across the Energy, IPPU and Waste sectors to avoid double counting or omissions and to facilitate more transparent reporting, with a particular focus on fossil fuel feedstock use in the iron and steel industry

Differences between sectoral and reference approaches for the Energy sector

Use of higher tier methods for key categories in the Agriculture sector, including significant livestock categories, and use of an enhanced livestock characterization

The staffing and coordination involved in preparing estimates for LULUCF

Solid waste characterization data and use of first order decay (FOD) model to estimate emissions from solid waste disposal on land

The completeness of emission estimates for ‘Consumption of halocarbons and SF6’

The main beneficiaries of the training programme are the Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation (MoEU), as the national focal point and coordinator of climate change related issues in Turkey, and the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) as the lead agency for the preparation of the NIR and CRF. Although many other




relevant stakeholders will be involved in the training programme, including all key Ministries, institutions and national agencies, and other technical experts and industry representatives. The ultimate purpose of the training programme is to improve the quality of Turkey’s 2015 national inventory submission (to be submitted in April 2017), as well as other future submissions, in keeping with the UNFCCC and IPCC guidelines, and increase the capacity, as well as the sustainability of that capacity, to continue improvements.

4. TANA PROCESS – COMPONENT 2

The TANA process undertaken for this project has been guided by several principles meant to ensure the appropriateness of the TANA findings, and therefore the success of the project’s training programme. These guiding principles for the process include:

Training needs should be identified and training methods selected based on an understanding of the institutional arrangements for national inventories in place in Turkey, and accounting for any modifications to these arrangements during the project implementation.

Developing constructive and trusting relationships with GHG inventory contributors and stakeholders is essential for the successful implementation of the project.

All gaps and areas needing an improvement in Turkey’s national inventory and inventory system cannot be addressed and corrected all at once. Major problems should be given the priority in the context of an inventory improvement plan as well as the implementation of this project. Of these major gaps and needs, it must be recognized that trainings may not be the appropriate solution. Therefore, the proposed training programme will focus on major problems that are expected to benefit from greater personnel capabilities.

It is recognized that there are potential overlaps and duplications with other projects and initiatives. This project will coordinate its activities with these other projects.

This TANA has utilized three approaches for gathering information on the existing national inventory system in Turkey, including data collection processes, methodological choices, QA/QC, and uncertainty assessment. Specifically, these approaches include:

1. Thorough desk review of key documents, 2. Interviews using structured questionnaires with relevant contributors to Turkey’s GHG inventory and

other key stakeholders, and 3. Large group technical meetings with key inventory contributors.

The steps undertaken to gather information and conduct the TANA for each approach are described in the following three sections.

Document review process

The TAT collected and thoroughly reviewed numerous reports, legal documents and other documents related to Turkey’s national GHG inventory processes. The box below details the specific documents examined. For Component 2, particular focus was given to Turkey’s national inventory submission (NIR and CRF), QA/QC and national inventory system documentation, as well as the UNFCCC individual review of Turkey’s 2014 submission.

Documents Reviewed Turkish sources • National Inventory Report 2014; • Common Reporting Format table submission; • Regulation on Monitoring of Greenhouse Gas Emissions; • Turkey’s Fifth National Communication under the UNFCCC; • Statistic Law no. 5429/2005; • Official Statistic Programme 2012‐2016;




• Draft F Gases Regulation; • QA/QC Plan of Turkey; • National Inventory System (presentation by TURKSTAT); • Republic of Turkey Climate Change Strategy 2010‐2020; • Turkey’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan; • Climate Change Action Plan 2011‐2023 International sources • 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories; • IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National GHG Inventories; • IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF; • 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands • Updated UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories following incorporation of the provisions of

Decision 14/CP.11; • UNFCCC Report on the individual review of the 2014 inventory submission of Turkey EU sources • Regulation (EU) No. 525/2013 of The European Parliament and of the Council on a mechanism for

monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No 280/2004/EC;

• Decision (EU) No .529/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on accounting rules on GHG emissions and removals resulting from activities relating to land use, land‐use change and forestry and on information concerning actions relating to those activities;

• Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 749/2014 on structure, format, submission processes and review of information reported by Member States pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council;

• Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 666/2014 establishing substantive requirements for a Union inventory system and taking into account changes in the global warming potentials and internationally agreed inventory guidelines pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council;

• Commission Regulation (EU) No 601/2012 on the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council;

• Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy statistics; • Commission Regulation (EU) No 147/2013 amending Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European

Parliament and of the Council on energy statistics, as regards the implementation of updates for the monthly and annual energy statistics;

• Commission Staff Working Document, Elements of the Union GHG inventory system and the QA/QC programme‐ Brussels, 12.8.2013 SWD(2013) 308 final

Interview process

Inventory contributors in Turkey along with other key stakeholders were identified and confirmed, building upon information provided in the project Terms of Reference (TOR) and other documents (listed in text box above). Findings from the previous desk review step was used to inform initial stakeholder consultations and interviews. Questionnaires were prepared (in English and Turkish language) to structure interviews with key stakeholders. The questionnaire was designed to provide the TAT a fuller understanding the role of each institution in the process of preparation of national reports, human capacities, responsibilities of the staff, information flows, existing bottlenecks, and possible solutions. During the interview meetings, stakeholder representatives responded to the questionnaire, as well as engaged the TAT in a less structured discussion to clarify roles/responsibilities and internal processes within the Turkish national system and identify specific technical gaps and needs for each sector. The TAT and representatives of stakeholder institutions also discussed possible ways of cooperation within the framework of the project, to address the existing bottlenecks and improve Turkey’s GHG inventory.




Copies of questionnaires are provided in the Appendices of this report. Many of these interviews, where appropriate, were integrated across Components 2 and 3. Minutes of these consultation interviews that summarize the discussion and responses to the structured questionnaire are also provided as appendices to this report. This table summarizes the interviews conducted with key stakeholders.

Stakeholder Number of Meetings

Ministry of Environment and Urbanization 8

TurkStat 2

Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology 1

Ministry of Forestry and Water Works 2

Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources 2

Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications 1

TUBITAK 1

Cement Manufacturers’ Association 1

Additional consultation meetings were also conducted with representatives of international organizations and development agencies involved in projects in Turkey that have objectives that relate to the topic of improving GHG inventories and/or national reports. The purposes of these meetings was to identify interactions among related activities and reduce the potential for conflicts. The projects and implementing stakeholders which the TAT had consultations with that relate to Component 2 include the following:

• UNDP Turkey for the Project "Support for the Preparation of the Turkey's First Biennial Report (FBR) to UNFCCC"

• World Bank for the Project "Partnership for Market Readiness" • GIZ for the Project “Capacity development for the implementation of a monitoring, reporting and

verification (MRV) system for greenhouse gas emissions” Minutes of these meetings are provided in the appendices of this report.

Group technical meeting process

A one‐day workshop for Component2, with the support of MoEU, was held on 23 June 2015 at the offices of the MEoU. The purpose of this workshop was to engage key GHG inventory contributors and stakeholders to identify gaps in Turkey’s current GHG inventory and discuss potential training needs. A portion of the workshop focused on mapping Turkey’s national inventory system and discussing existing data collection and inventory preparation capabilities. The key findings of this workshop are summarized in the following section of this report. Minutes from the workshop, including details on attendees, are presented in the appendices to this report. This draft TANA and proposed training programme report will be presented and discussed at a second Component 2 workshop to the inventory core group and other stakeholders. This report will then be revised and finalized based upon feedback received from the beneficiary and other stakeholders. This workshop is scheduled, with the support of MoEU, on 15 September 2015.

5. FINDINGS FROM TANA – COMPONENT 2

This chapter is divided into two sections. The first summarizes TANA findings on the structure of Turkey’s national inventory system. The second section then summarizes technical findings on the gaps in Turkey’s national inventory submissions. The desk review, interview, and group technical meetings have been used to identify major gaps, needs and priorities for training to improve Turkey’s national inventory system.




Findings on Turkey’s National Inventory System

The Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation (MoEU) is the National Focal Point on climate change, under the inter‐ministerial Coordination Board on Climate Change (CBCC), and is the coordinating governmental body for the issues related to climate change in Turkey. The MoEU is responsible for the harmonization of national environmental legislation with the EU and its implementation. Established in 2001 in accordance with a circular issued by the Prime Ministry, CBCC has the overall responsibility for the implementation of prevention, mitigation and adaptation policies against climate change. It is also the CBCC responsible for fulfilling the requirements of UNFCCC obligations, such as preparation of National Communications on Climate Change. Therefore the Board has a key role in strengthening the dialogue among different stakeholders involved in the field of climate change. The Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) is the responsible coordinating agency for compiling and submitting the national GHG inventory, according to the Official Statistical Programme (OSP) stated by the Statistic Law #5429 and CBCC decision No. 2009/1 dated 25.03.2009. The OSP sets the principles and standards for the collection and dissemination of official statistics in Turkey. The second stage of OSP began in 2012 and will run until 2017. TurkStat is also responsible for coordination of official working group on GHG emission inventories, which is one of seven technical working groups under the Climate Change and Air Management Coordination Board (CCAMCB). The working group meets several times per year on ad hoc basis. The institutions included in this working group are:

• Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat), • Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR), • Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications (MTMAC), • Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU), • Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (MFAL), • Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs (MFWA), • Turkish Cement Manufacturers Association (TCMA), and • Turkish Steel Producers Association (TSPA).

Although led and coordinated by TurkStat, numerous institutions and experts are involved in the preparation of Turkey’s GHG inventory by supplying activity data and preparing emission or removal estimates. The table below lists these institutions by IPCC sector and for major categories.

IPCC Sector Source or Sink Category Activity Data Collection

Preparation of Estimates

Energy Energy – 1 (excluding 1.A.1.a – Electricity and heat Production and 1.A.3 – Transportation)

MENR TurkStat

Electricity and Heat Production –1.A.1.a

MENR MENR

Transportation – 1.A.3 MTMAC, MENR, MTMAC

MTMAC

Industrial Process

Industrial Process – 2 TurkStat TurkStat

Cement Production ‐ 2.A.1 TurkStat & TCMA TurkStat




Lime Production ‐ 2.A.2Lime Stone and Dolomite Use ‐ 2.A.3

TurkStat & TLA TurkStat

Aluminium Production ‐ 2.C.3 TurkStat & ETİ Aluminium Co.

TurkStat

Consumption of Halocarbon and SF6 ‐2.F

MCT, TurkStat MoEU

Solvent and other product use

Paint Application – 3.A TurkStat; Automobile Manufacturing Association

TurkStat

Chemicals manufacturing and processing – 3.C

TurkStat TurkStat

Agriculture Agriculture – 4 TurkStat TurkStat

Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry

Forest lands – 5.C MFWA, General Directorate of Forestry

MFWA, General Directorate of Forestry

Croplands – 5.A Grasslands – 5.B Wetlands – 5.D Settlements – 5.F

MFAL, Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resource Conservation Unit

MFAL, Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resource Conservation Unit

Waste Waste – 6 TurkStat TurkStat

TurkStat, as the coordinating institution for the GHG inventory, provides staff to serve as the inventory team leader for Turkey’s national system. TurkStat is therefore responsible for the overall preparation of Turkey’s NIR and CRF tables, including the analysis and documentation of emission trends, key category analysis, QA/QC planning and implementation, and uncertainty assessment. Turkey has made progress in the development of QC procedures, data management systems, as well as archiving processes. The current system relies primarily on Microsoft Excel spreadsheets for data management and calculations. Specifically, Turkey’s QA/QC plan was approved by the CCAMCB in May 2014. This plan is to be implemented with its 2015 inventory submission.

Technical Findings on Turkey’s National Inventory

Again, Turkey has been preparing an annual GHG inventory since 2006. Although Turkey has improved its inventory system and inventory reporting over the years, recent annual submissions have been evaluated by the UNFCCC‐related expert review teams (ERTs) as lacking in several aspects. The ERT’s individual review of Turkey’s 2014 NIR and CRF submission concluded that they were not fully in accordance with the UNFCCC reporting and IPCC Guidelines. Specifically, that the submission was not complete in some form for all sectors, that time series consistency problems were observed in numerous categories, that QA/QC procedures were not adequately implemented and documented, and that the submission significantly lacked transparency across a range of cross‐cutting and methodological issues (See section II.A of FCCC/ARR/2014/TUR). A key finding of this TANA is that a root contributor to these gaps is inadequately detailed and transparent documentation in its NIR, as well as across other elements of its inventory processes (e.g. QC procedure documentation). This issue was also highlighted in the ERT’s review.

The ERT recommends that Turkey: provide adequate and detailed descriptions of the key drivers for the emission trends in the country; fully and transparently describe actions taken and decisions made during the inventory preparation process, as well as the expert judgement used for the selection of




AD, EFs and methodologies; report emissions from the categories with confidential data by aggregating them at a more appropriate category level; and more closely follow the annotated NIR outline structure, including the provision of appropriate category‐specific information, in its next inventory submission. (Para 12)

Reporting in the NIR is often at a more aggregated level than is requested in the UNFCCC guidelines; further, it is often missing specific documentation on rationale for the choice of methods, as well as description and references of methods, data, and assumptions. In some key cases, it appears contributing to the gap in transparency is that experts within Turkish institutions responsible for preparing estimates (and supplying data) are not adequately engaged in the writing of the NIR and completion of the CRF. For example, insufficient information on recalculations was provided and CRF Table 8(b) was not completed for many years. No chapter or Annex on recalculations was submitted. The ERT recommended that “Turkey include detailed information on the performed recalculations in the specific NIR chapters and relevant CRF tables and provide explanatory information, including the rationale for the recalculations, in its next inventory submission.” (Para 9) Also, Turkey uses Tier 1 methods for a number of key categories, in contrast to the decision trees in the IPCC guidelines. For numerous inventory categories, data is available within Turkey to improve inventory estimates, but the format of this data is not necessarily in keeping with the IPCC guidelines methods. Therefore, a key need within Turkey is training and support to adapt methods and/or data to use higher tier IPCC methods and improve time series consistency by splicing datasets and methods, where necessary. All institutions involved in the GHG inventory in Turkey clearly communicated to the TAT that they wish to receive more training on these cross‐cutting issues, as well as sector‐specific training on the latest IPCC methodologies and the use of higher tier methods. A specific request was made for training to improve QA/QC processes and archiving systems. In addition to cross‐cutting issues that are common across sectors, inventory improvement needs have been identified as priorities by Turkish stakeholders for individual sectors and categories (and their associated institutions in Turkey), including: Energy sector

Improved understanding of the practices of petrochemical refineries, oil and gas systems, and abandoned coal mines.

Methods for estimating fugitive emissions from oil and gas systems

Application of higher tier methods for mobile sources

Approaches for separately estimating international versus domestic bunkers Industrial Processes and Product Use sector

Data collection and methodologies for emissions from the consumption of HFCs, PFCs, and SF6

Understanding carbon feedstock flows in the iron and steel industry and cement industry

Methodologies for estimating emissions from the petrochemical industry AFOLU (Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use) sector

Assimilation of staff newly engaged in inventory preparation in both MFWA and MFAL

Estimation of carbon stock changes in soils

Application of enhanced livestock characterization and selection of associated emission factors appropriate for Turkey

Coordination and integration of inventory‐related work by MFWA and MFAL

Improved description of Turkey’s land categories and data sources used and comparison with international data sources, along with harmonization of categories across data sources




Development of a land use and land use changes matrix for Turkey that addresses the two land use data sources used in Turkey (i.e., the ENVANIS database and the Corine land cover data)

Preparation of estimates for subcategories, including carbon stock changes in land uses conversion, emissions from biomass burning on land converted to Forest Land, and N2O emissions from disturbance associated with land‐use conversion to Croplands

Waste sector

Methodologies on wastewater treatment

Improved solid waste composition data and analysis for use with FOD method

Improved understanding of the practices of waste incineration facilities During consultations, stakeholders indicated that staff involved in the estimation process for the Turkish inventory often rely on the IPCC guidelines as training material. This practice appears to be due to two factors:

No other Turkish training materials or programme exists for new Turkish inventory experts, and

The thoroughness of Turkey’s NIR and related documentation is not sufficient to serve as a detailed guide for new inventory staff.

These gaps are addressed by the training programme proposed in the following section.

6. ON‐THE‐JOB TRAINING PROGRAMME – COMPONENT 2

As described in the TOR and the technical proposal for this project, there are four interlinked activities under Component 2:

Activity 2.1: Definition of an on‐the‐job training programme on preparing NIRs; Activity 2.2: Implementation of the on‐the job training programme; Activity 2.3: Flexible support mechanism to the NIR 2015 inventory work; and Activity 2.4: Evaluation and import of results of Component 2 into Component 1.

In the previous chapter, we highlighted the key findings from the TANA regarding the identified training and assistance needs based on desk reviews of materials, interviews, and group meetings. This chapter proposes an on‐the‐job training programme for staff and stakeholders involved in the preparation of Turkey’s national inventory based on the TANA findings. This programme addresses Activities 2.2‐2.4 above. This chapter is subdivided in the following sections:

General approach Cross cutting issue training Sector‐specific training Category‐specific investigations and mentoring Country study trips Site visits UNFCCC meeting participation Scheduling of training activities Training indicators of achievement Assumptions and risks

General Approach

The on‐the‐job training programme presented here is a comprehensive training package that aims to enhance existing, and build new, capacity in Turkey in the national process for the preparation of national inventories. The training will involve relevant staff from the institutions identified in Section 6.1. Some group training activities will also be open to a broader range of motivated stakeholders that represent future substantive contributors to Turkey’s national inventory system, including QA processes. A first principle




of overall training programme is the recognition that the personnel working on the national inventory are continuously changing. Therefore, the training programme approach is to engage a broader set of stakeholders in select training activities that can more easily accommodate larger groups, which will grow the pool of experts within Turkey that are able to support Turkey’s national inventory work in the future. In summary, the programme includes the following training engagements:

Training engagements Instructional days

Number Participants

Participant days*

2 training workshops on cross‐cutting issues (Activity 2.2) 6 30 180

1 workshop on use of the CRF and CRF reporter (Activity 2.2) 3 30 90

1 workshop on development of inventory management plan and QA process (Activity 2.2)

3 30 90

1 writers retreat workshop on drafting cross cutting content for future NIRs (Activity 2.2)

3 30 90

1 online course session on IPCC cross‐cutting issues (Activity 2.3) 7 15 105

5 online course sessions, one for each sector, on IPCC methodologies (Activity 2.3)

35 5 175

5 workshops on IPCC Guidelines methodologies + writers retreat workshops, one for each sector (Activity 2.3)

10 15 150

8 category‐specific workshops (Activity 2.2) 12 15 180

40 days of mentoring to address category‐specific technical developments on inventory improvements (Activity 2.3)

40 5 200

2 one week study trips in two EU countries (Activity 2.2) 7 7 49

6 site visits to select industrial facilities (Activity 2.3) 18 2 36

4 meetings of the UNFCCC (Activity 2.3) 48 2 96

* Instructional days multiplied by number of participants A second principle of this training program is that different training curriculum and methods are suitable for different training audiences, including, as appropriate, data suppliers, members of the core inventory team, and key policy makers. Introductory and general curriculum using methods suitable for larger group delivery is used for a broad range of stakeholders, while small group workshops and intimate mentoring sessions that are narrowly focused on addressing technical issues within Turkey for current key inventory staff. A third principle of the training programme is that the selection of training methods and activities should maximize learning outcomes for the relevant target audience of inventory stakeholders while using budgetary resources efficiently. The last principle is that progress should be evaluated and monitored using pedagogically rigorous learning and competency objectives. Where relevant, online training from GHGMI on the IPCC guidelines will be used to support larger groups and to prepare less experienced, yet motivated, stakeholders for hands on workshops and mentoring sessions. Systematic reviews of evidence‐based research in education has shown that blended approach of online with onsite and mentoring can maximize learning outcomes by preparing learners with a solid technical basis for having productive in‐person sessions.




GHG Management Institute curriculum on IPCC Guidelines

At workshops, methodological training will be supplemented by examples and case studies from other national inventories, hands‐on exercises, and instructor facilitated work activities to develop improvements to Turkish inventory estimates and documentation to enhance learning outcomes. The TAT will provide the meeting facilities and IT support (if needed). For all workshops, simultaneous interpretation from English to Turkish and vice versa will be provided. Lastly, the training programme prioritizes the GHG inventory needs of Turkey that can effectively addressed during the performance period of this project. It further prioritizes needs that can be effectively addressed through training, versus those needs that are not.

Cross Cutting Issue Training

Cross‐cutting inventory issues are relevant to most inventory stakeholders, to varying degrees. For example, some stakeholders require in‐depth skills on the application of key category analysis, while other stakeholders need only familiarity with how to interpret results from such an analysis. Some cross‐cutting issues—such as method selection and quality control—are core to anyone involved in the inventory process. The training programme for cross‐cutting issues will include the following engagements:

Training engagements Description

Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the online GHGMI course 501 IPCC: Introduction and Cross‐cutting Issues

Instructional days per person: 7Language: English only Size: Approximately 15 Course Lessons: 1. Course introduction 2. Introduction to GHG inventory guidelines 3. Approaches to data collection 4. Uncertainties 5. Methodological choice and identification of key categories 6. Time series consistency 7. Quality Assurance / Quality Control and Verification 8. GHG inventory tools Also included are discussion groups, case studies, quizzes, exercises, and final exam. A Certificate of Proficiency is available and requires the passing of an exam.

501 Introduction and cross cutting issues

Course

511 Energy

Sector Course

531 Agriculture

Sector Course

521 Industrial Processes and Product Use

Sector Course

551 Waste

Sector Course

541 Forestry, and Other Land Use

Sector Course




1x2 workshops on IPCC cross‐cutting issues (same curriculum offered twice to allow wider participation)

Instructional days per person: 3Language: English and Turkish (simultaneous) Size: Approximately 30 Course Lessons: (see above)

1 workshop on CRF reporting and CRF Reporter software

Instructional days per person: 3Language: English and Turkish (simultaneous) Size: Approximately 30 Course Lessons: 1. Preparation of AD and emission estimates and other parameters such

as notation keys as an input in CRF Reporter 2. Completeness checks 3. Introduction of additional explanatory information (documentation

boxes) 4. Import and export of data 5. Preparation of official submissions to the UNFCCC Also included are case studies, exercises, and quizzes.

1 workshop on development of inventory management plan and QA process

Instructional days per person: 3Language: English and Turkish (sequential as needed) Size: Approximately 30 Course Lessons: (Based on U.S. EPA templates, see description below)

1 “writers’ retreat” workshop on drafting cross cutting content for future NIRs

Instructional days per person: 3Language: English and Turkish (sequential as needed) Size: Approximately 30 Course Lessons: Hands on parallel workgroup writing sessions addressing each cross‐cutting section of NIR

The online course offered is a rigorous opportunity for a broad range of inventory stakeholders in Turkey to develop expertise in the IPCC Guidelines while also earning a recognized educational achievement certificate. This training opportunity is optimal for reaching a broad range of Turkish stakeholders, especially one for which travel to Ankara for a workshop is a barrier. The online course can also be taken at any time. For those comfortable with English language educational content, core inventory team members in Turkey will also benefit greatly by completing this course, as it provides a greater depth of training than is possible to achieve in a three day workshop. A 3 day onsite workshop on cross‐cutting issues will also be given in Ankara covering the same material as the online course, albeit in less detail given time constraints. This workshop will allow greater dialog and hands‐on sessions with instructors to focus on country‐specific issues. This workshop will be offered twice, so as to enable participation to as wide a sample of stakeholders as practical, given that some key experts may have scheduling conflicts. A separate dedicated small group workshop of 3 days will be given on completion of the UNFCCC CRF tables and use of the CRF Reporter software. A truly hands‐on workshop will be given focus on improving Turkey’s inventory management plan. This workshop will focus completing the following six U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) templates on national inventory management systems:

Template 1: Institutional Arrangements for National Inventory System Template 2: Methods and Data Template 3: Description of QA/QC Procedures Template 4: Description of Archiving System Template 5: Key Category Analysis (KCA) Template 6: National Inventory Improvement Plan




A core outcome of this workshop will be a substantive contribution to Turkey national inventory system and documentation of that system, including the elaboration of a formal QA process for Turkey’s inventory. The figure below summarizes the full inventory development cycle that will be addressed by this workshop (see figure below).

Reference: www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghginventorycapacitybuilding/templates.html

Lastly, a dedicated 3 day “writers retreat” workshop, with key inventory preparation staff and mentoring from TAT experts, will be held to draft expanded documentation on cross‐cutting issues that draw on best practice examples from other NIRs. The outcome of this workshop will be text that can be directly incorporated into future NIRs to greatly improve transparency.

Sector‐Specific Training

Sector‐specific training is primarily relevant to stakeholders involved in collecting data or preparing estimates for a given sector or category. The training programme for sector‐specific issues will include the following specific engagements:


Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the online GHGMI course 511 IPCC Guidelines: Energy (Fuel Combustion and Fugitive Emissions)

Instructional days per person: 7Language: English only Size: Approximately 5 Course Lessons: 1. Introduction/ Overview 2. Stationary combustion 3. Mobile combustion 4. Fugitive emissions – Coal




5. Fugitive emissions – Oil and natural gas6. CO2 transport, injection and geological storage 7. Reference approach Also included are discussion groups, case studies, quizzes, exercises, and final exam. A Certificate of Proficiency is available and requires the passing of an exam.

Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the online GHGMI course 521 IPCC Guidelines: Industrial Processes and Other Product Use

Instructional days per person: 7Language: English only Size: Approximately 5 Course Lessons: 1. Introduction and overview 2. Mineral industry 3. Chemical industry 4. Metal industry 5. Non‐energy products from fuels and solvent use 6. Electronics industry 7. Fluorinated substitutes for ozone depleting substances 8. Other project manufacture and use 9. Potential emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 Also included are discussion groups, case studies, quizzes, exercises, and final exam. A Certificate of Proficiency is available and requires the passing of an exam.

Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the online GHGMI course 531 IPCC Guidelines: Agriculture

Instructional days per person: 7Language: English only Size: Approximately 5 Course Lessons: 1. Introduction and overview 2. Livestock 3. Other direct and indirect emissions (e.g., N2O and CO2 from soils) 4. Rice cultivation 5. Harvested wood products Also included are discussion groups, case studies, quizzes, exercises, and final exam. A Certificate of Proficiency is available and requires the passing of an exam.

Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the GHGMI course 541 IPCC Guidelines: Forestry and Other Land Uses

Instructional days per person: 7Language: English only Size: Approximately 5 Course Lessons: 1. Introduction and overview 2. Forestland 3. Cropland 4. Grassland 5. Wetlands 6. Settlements Also included are discussion groups, case studies, quizzes, exercises, and final exam. A Certificate of Proficiency is available and requires the passing of an exam.

Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the online GHGMI course 551 IPCC Guidelines: Waste

Instructional days per person: 7Language: English only Size: Approximately 5 Course Lessons: 1. Introduction and overview 2. Solid waste disposal




3. Biological treatment of solid waste4. Incineration and open burning 5. Wastewater treatment and discharge Also included are discussion groups, case studies, quizzes, exercises, and final exam. A Certificate of Proficiency is available and requires the passing of an exam.

5 workshops on IPCC Guidelines methodologies + “writers’ retreat” workshop on drafting content for future NIRs, one for each sector

Instructional days per person: 2Language: English and Turkish (simultaneous or sequential as needed) Size: Approximately 15 Course Lessons: (see above) + Hands on parallel workgroup writing sessions addressing each category within sector

The online courses offered are a rigorous opportunity for a broad range of inventory stakeholders in Turkey to develop expertise in methodologies IPCC Guidelines for the given sector relevant to their work (i.e., Energy, IPPU, Agriculture, LUCF, or Waste) while also earning a recognized educational achievement certificate. This training opportunity is optimal for reaching a broad range of Turkish stakeholders, especially one for which travel to Ankara for a workshop is a barrier. The online course can also be taken at any time. For those comfortable with English language educational content, core inventory team members in Turkey will also benefit greatly by completing this course, as it provides a greater depth of training than is possible to achieve in a three day workshop. A 2 day onsite workshop for each sector will also be given in Ankara covering the same material as the online courses, albeit in less detail given time constraints. These workshops will allow greater dialog and hands‐on sessions with instructors to focus on country‐specific technical issues. They will include a sessions focused on the development of category‐specific QC check lists in small breakout groups. On the final day, five separate dedicated “writers retreat” workshops, one for each sector with key inventory preparation staff and mentoring from TAT experts, will be held to draft expanded documentation for Turkey’s NIR that draw on best practice examples from other NIRs. The outcome of these workshops will be text that can be directly incorporated into future NIRs to greatly improve transparency. Experts involved in collecting activity data for each sector will be invited to attend the final day of these retreat workshops to answer questions and assist in the writing of the section on data collection for each source and sink category. Separate breakout groups for source or sink category areas will be formed at each workshop, and each group will develop text documenting:

Emission trends and drivers

Methodologies

QA/QC procedures implemented and findings

Likely “causes” of uncertainty

Data collection A number of specific needs for each sector were identified by the TANA, each of which will be given a specific attention during these workshops, as well as through mentoring sessions:

Energy

A preliminary investigation of methane emissions from abandoned coal mines in Turkey

Training on fugitive methane emissions from oil and gas systems and mentoring to develop initial estimates

Mentoring to improve estimating and reporting of CO2 emissions from international versus domestic bunker fuels

IPPU

Iron and steel production emissions (see following section on category‐specific training) Agriculture / LUCF




Developing more formal arrangements and documentation regarding coordination between Turkish agriculture and forestry ministries

Implementation of higher tier methods for all key categories in sector along with enhanced livestock characterization (see following section on category‐specific training)

Waste

Training on emissions from wastewater management with focus on emission factor selection

Improvement of estimates of methane emissions from solid waste management (see following section on category‐specific training)

Category‐Specific Investigations and Mentoring

The training programme includes 4 intensive research and methodology development activities combined with focused training engagements addressing the following specific emission source categories, which that have been identified as priorities through the TANA process: • Solid waste disposal on land and incineration • Industrial processes and Product Use ‐ F‐gases • Agriculture Sector Key Categories • Iron and Steel Production The training programme for category‐specific issues will include the following engagements:


4 one day “kick‐off” workshops, one for each activity listed above

Instructional days per person: 1Language: English and Turkish (simultaneous) Size: Approximately 15 Course Lessons: To be developed

4 two day stakeholder feedback workshops, one for each activity listed above

Instructional days per person: 2Language: English and Turkish (simultaneous) Size: Approximately 15 Course Lessons: Based on activity outputs

10 days of mentoring on Solid waste disposal on land and incineration

Instructional days per person: 10Language: English and Turkish (sequential as needed) Size: Approximately 5 Course Lessons: To be developed

10 days of mentoring on Industrial Processes and Product Use ‐ F‐gases


13 days of mentoring on Agriculture sector key categories


7 days of mentoring on Iron and Steel Production


Each mentoring day with relevant Turkish inventory and TAT experts will be in support of the research investigation on the category and development of improved estimates and documentation.




Country Study Trips

Two one‐week training missions for relevant selected staff (maximum 7 staff per mission) to EU Member

States on sector issues. The first study trip is proposed for Italy in September 2015 (Appendix 7.8). A second

study trip to one of the following countries will be implemented: Portugal, England, Holland and Finland. These

training missions will be conducted in English. These initiatives are conducted in combination with the country

visits indicated in Component 3.

Site Visits

Six site visits, averaging 3 days, each are part of the training programme to facilitate Turkish inventory experts in the development of better intuition and assumptions regarding select priority key categories. Specifically, the site visits will assist in filling knowledge gaps, assess data quality, and improve selection of emission factors, activity data, and methodologies. Prior to each site visit, the TAT, in coordination with the beneficiary, will notify the selected installations and request their full cooperation, as well as provide a questionnaire for discussion during the visit. One to three experts from the TAT will attend and facilitate each site visit and provide consecutive translation, as needed. The specific locations of the site visits are to be determined, but priority destinations include the following industries, based on findings from the TANA:

Iron and steel production facilities

Petrochemical refineries and facilities

Cement production plants

UNFCCC Meeting Participation

Two experts from the MoEU, or their designees, will be brought to two COP and two additional intersessional (SBI & SBSTA) meetings during the period of the project, and accompanied by an expert from the TAT. The specific meeting include

SBI 42 & SBSTA 42 – Bonn, Germany (completed)

COP 21 – Paris, France

SBI 44 & SBSTA 44 – Bonn, Germany

COP 22 – Marrakesh, Morocco

Scheduling of Training Activities

The table below provides an indicative timetable for the proposed training engagements described above. The exact dates of the events will be finalized at a later stage in consultation with the MoEU. Indicative schedule for proposed training engagements

Cross‐cutting issue training Proposed time

Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the online GHGMI course 501 IPCC: Introduction and Cross‐cutting Issues

Sept‐Dec 2015

1x2 workshops on IPCC cross‐cutting issues (same curriculum offered twice to allow wider participation)

Oct 2015

1 workshop on CRF reporting and CRF Reporter software Nov 2015

1 workshop on development of inventory management plan and QA process Nov 2015

1 “writers’ retreat” workshop on drafting cross cutting content for future NIRs Dec 2015




Sector‐specific training

Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the online GHGMI course 511 IPCC Guidelines: Energy (Fuel Combustion and Fugitive Emissions)

Jan‐Dec 2016

Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the online GHGMI course 521 IPCC Guidelines: Industrial Processes and Other Product Use

Jan‐Dec 2016

Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the online GHGMI course 531 IPCC Guidelines: Agriculture

Jan‐Dec 2016

Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the online GHGMI course 541 IPCC Guidelines: Forestry and Other Land Uses

Jan‐Dec 2016

Open access to all motivated stakeholders to the online GHGMI course 511 IPCC Guidelines: Waste

Jan‐Dec 2016

5 workshops on IPCC Guidelines methodologies + writers retreat workshops, one for each sector

Jan, Mar, May, Jul, Sept 2016

Category‐specific training

4 one day “kick‐off” workshops, one for each activity listed above Jan, Feb, Mar 2016

4 two day stakeholder feedback workshops, one for each activity listed above Nov, Dec 2016

10 days of mentoring on Solid waste disposal on land and incineration Mar‐Oct 2016

10 days of mentoring on Industrial Processes and Product Use ‐ F‐gases Mar‐Oct 2016

13 days of mentoring on Agriculture sector key categories Mar‐Oct 2016

7 days of mentoring on Iron and Steel Production Mar‐Oct 2016

Country study trips

Italy Sept 2015

Other EU country (TBD) Sept 2016

Site visits

6 three days site visits 2016 (TBD)

UNFCCC meeting participation

SBI 42 & SBSTA 42 – Bonn, Germany June 2015

COP 21 – Paris, France Nov‐Dec 2015

SBI 44 & SBSTA 44 – Bonn, Germany June 2016

COP 22 – Marrakesh, Morocco Nov 2016

Note: Depending on the participants, some of the sectoral workshops could run in parallel.

Training Indicators of Achievement

Measuring learning outcomes using indicators of achievement is important so that training results can be evaluated. The Component 2 training programme will utilise three major indicators to measuring training results:

Indicator #1: Testing results Indicator #2: Improved documentation quality, especially transparency Indicator #3: Instructional‐person hours delivered

For the first indicator, at the beginning of large group cross‐cutting and sector‐specific workshops, participants will complete an initial testing process to establish a knowledge baseline. Participants will then be retested at the end of the workshop to measure improvement. All online course for both cross‐cutting and sector‐specific topics also include initial testing and final examinations, as well as numerous formative assessment quizzes and exercises to measure performance. In all cases, pedagogically well‐defined learning objectives have been specified upon with testing will be based. For the second indicator, the existing Turkish NIR and CRF submissions, along with ERT review reports, serve as the relevant baseline. The project will then produce improved documentation for the 2017 (and potentially some for the 2016) Turkish inventory submission. A comparison of the quality of this new documentation,




including the results of future ERT reviews, will provide an objective indicator of the results from both the training activities, and in particular, the writers retreat workshops. For the third indicator, all training activities will track attendance, and report on the number of instructional hours delivered.

Assumptions and Risks

As noted by the ERT in their review of Turkey’s 2014 inventory submission, Turkey’s “inventory team often faces difficulties in the direct communications between the inventory compilers and the responsible experts from the ministries involved, in addition to the overload of staff when one person is responsible for several sectors of the inventory. Therefore, the ERT concluded that the Party’s institutional arrangements for the preparation of the inventory still need to be enhanced in order to maintain a sustainable inventory preparation process.” (Para 14) The success of this project assumes that there will continue to be good cooperation with the MoEU, TurkStat, and other inventory stakeholders. Specifically, that qualified and motivated staff will fully engage in all relevant training activities, as well as hand‐on workshops offered by the project. The role of the TAT is to strongly facilitate Turkey to improve its national inventory capacity, which assumes recipient stakeholders are willing to participate in workshops, working groups and other project activities on a continuous basis. Workshops, trainings, study visits and briefings are important elements of the project. They only pay off if attended by interested participants of sufficient intellectual background as required by training topics and targets. Non‐fulfilment of these conditions may easily create prevent the objectives of the project from being achieved. The TAT will establish close ties with beneficiaries and stakeholder to ease, enable, coordinate, and motivate their participation. The TAT will also identify problems as the earliest possible date and propose a mitigation strategy. To monitor these risks during the project implementation, the TAT will provide a progress report every two months to the beneficiaries.




7. APPENDICES

List of Appendices:

7.1 Technical Assistance Needs Assessment Meeting Minutes

7.2 Substitute Investigation and Mentoring Projects

7.3 Questionnaire on Turkish Energy Balance

7.4 Syllabi for Online Course on IPCC Guidelines

7.5 Study Tour Programme (Italy)




7.1 Technical Assistance Needs Assessment Meeting Minutes

TECHNICAL ASSISSTANCE NEEDS ASSESSMENT MEETING

23 JUNE 2015

Participants: As attached below

The TANA Meetings started with an opening speech from MoEU regarding the aim of the meetings and the

importance of the project and how it aims to address the bottlenecks of the National GHG inventory

preparation and reporting processes. After every participants introduced themselves, a short project

introduction has been made by Christian Melis according to the programme.

After his speech, Michael Gillenwater delivered his presentation which involved the key steps, general

methodology, expectations and deliverables of Component 2. He pointed out that all issues cannot be sorted

out at once. Major problems should be given the priority and others should be considered later. He added that

trainings may not be solution to everything, but they can solve many problems. After his speech, he directed

his questions in order to gather more information for TANA. The responses that he received and other

discussion that took place are as follows:

Each institution has different problems, however the major problems for each institution are

common. Institutions would like to have more training and practice on GHG inventory calculations, to

be able to use higher Tier categories, to have training on IPCC Guidelines and reporting.

Regarding the coordination of the efforts for preparing National GHG Inventories, TAT has been

informed that the GHG Inventory Working Group that has been established under Climate Change

and Air Management Coordination Board coordinates all efforts. The WG meets several times per

year on ad hoc basis, and is composed of representatives from Ministries of Transport, Agriculture,

Forestry, Energy and Environment together with TurkStat. The WG is coordinated by TurkStat.

Regarding the Turkish Statistical Programme, the participants informed the TAT that the Programme

is framed under the Statistical Law and is prepared once every 5 years. Currently, O.S.P. for years

2010‐2016 is in force. The Programme can be revised in case a decision is taken in the O.S.P. WG

which is then approved by the Council of Ministries. O.S.P. defines about 50 statistical topics ever

year, GHG emissions also takes place. Regarding GHG inventories, previous O.S.P. aimed at including

all relevant Ministries to the efforts, and current Programme aims at resolving the data quality and

administrative issues. Currently, an inventory has been prepared regarding which institution has

which kind of data.

The biggest issue regarding quality of shared data between institutions is that there is inconsistency

between data collection requirements of TurkStat and the data collection requirements of the donor

institution. The type and quality of the data do not match between institutions due to compatibility

issues. Therefore, although often data exist, it cannot be used for several purposes such as GHG

Inventory preparation. Especially the ministries that do not have statistical departments have this

problem. TurkStat accredited 4 Ministries for data quality and it is desired to increase the number.

Also, there is meta‐data‐standards department which has efforts to build consistency among the data

gathered from institutions. Moreover, TurkStat is cooperating with Ministry of Energy and EPDK

(Energy Market Regulatory Authority).




A bottleneck that is encountered is that there are sometimes more than 1 department in charge of

data gathering and managing in ministries. TurkStat has been trying to involve them all, however it

difficult to coordinate so many parties. Also, insufficient communication between departments is a

problem that TurkStat faces.

Regarding statistical data quality and uncertainty assessment, TurkStat conducts sampling but it

cannot cover all areas and it is considered to be not reliable. The reliability of data cannot be well

documented.

After these discussions, TurkStat and the Ministries that are involved in GHG inventories explained the priority

areas for TANA, which are as follows:

TurkStat:

Site visits would be beneficial to refineries, waste co‐incineration plants and natural gas/oil extraction

facilities in order to better understand the system.

There is a need to increase from Tier 1 approach in the energy sector

An improvement of methodology of calculations is needed for several sectors such as waste

incineration/co‐incineration, road transport, EF uncertainty assessment

Also, reporting improvements are needed for NIR

Archiving‐documentation system needs to be improved. Also, guidelines to QA/QC Archiving is

needed

Forestry:

The main challenge is collecting reliable and complete activity data. Also there are crosscutting issues.

There are 2 people involved in the Ministry who is dealing with GHG inventories. The human resource

shortage prevents detailed studies such as QA/QC procedures. Therefore, several people need to be

trained.

Agriculture and Livestock:

TurkStat prepares the GHG inventories for Agriculture and livestock, however with problems in data

characterization. Support is needed for technical characterization and for picking the right EF.

The responsibility of data collection shifted from one department to another. The new department

needs capacity building in all subjects.

Training on agricultural emissions for all categories is needed.

Transport:

QA/QC training is needed

Also data collection quality is an issue especially for vehicle‐km. Currently only Tier 1 is used using the

fuel consumption data.

Energy:

There is a need for discovering facilities such as refineries, cement, iron/steel, waste incineration,

oil/gas extraction, abandoned mines.

A training for fugitive emissions is also desired.




Waste:

There is capacity building need on sewage sludge calculations

Solid waste composition data has been a problem. Too many assumptions are used. Therefore, EFs’

reliability needs to be evaluated.

For waste water treatment plants, only CDO and BOD values exist.

Industrial Processes:

There is lack of capacity to calculate F gases.

For iron and steel sectors, there is a need to understand how carbon balance sheets are prepared and

applied which can be supported with a site visit.

The same case is for cement sector, however relatively easier than iron/steel.

Also, capacity building is needed for petrochemical production calculations.

After the abovementioned priority statements, Michael Gillenwater explained the envisaged workshop format

which will then revised based on the TANA outcomes. According to his plan, the workshops will be as follows:

One training for each sector will be conducted. The training workshops will be tailor‐made, therefore

they are designed for experts who are especially working on the topics.

An online training will be conducted in the format of an online training, which will be more

introductory than sector specific.

One training will be dedicated to preparing reports such as NC, NIR and biannual reports, without

involving calculations. Therefore, NIR reports can be prepared with the tables for each category,

without the numbers.

Direct mentoring sessions can be organized for specific problems for specific institutions/sectors.




7.2 Substitute Investigation and Mentoring Projects

Overview

This document presents detailed options as a proposal for the replacement of the majority of the site visits specified in Activities 2.3.1 and 2.3.4 in the Terms of Reference.

Replacement Activity #1: Solid waste disposal on land and incineration

Description of the main problems/issues related to the Turkish inventory considering the findings in the last UNFCCC review report (FCCC/ARR/2014/TUR)

The main problem highlighted in the UNFCCC review report is that Turkey applies a Tier 1 method along with IPCC default emission factors. Methane emissions from ‘Solid waste disposal on land’ is a key category for Turkey.

The Expert Review Team in 2014 strongly recommended, which was a reiteration of recommendations in the previous review report, that Turkey estimate and report emissions from the key category ‘Solid waste disposal on land’, using a Tier 2 method.

To implement a higher tier method, data on waste composition is essential; but this information is reported to not currently be available to the Turkish inventory team.

Once obtained, this information may also be used to improve emission estimates from a non‐key category ‘Waste incineration’, which calculation is also performed using a Tier 1 method.

The Expert Review Team also noted for the category ‘Solid waste disposal on land’, the presence of cross cutting problems related to the implementation and documentation of QA/QC activities and the uncertainty analysis.

List of improvements to achieve

The expected results of this activity are the following measures specific to the key category methane emissions from ‘Solid waste disposal on land’ of the Turkish national GHG inventory:

Application of the First Order Decay (FOD) model, corresponding to the Tier 2 method of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, for the entire time series;

Improved QA/QC procedures and reporting;

Improved assessment of uncertainty analysis;

Transparent description in the NIR of the methodology used and of the main recalculation occurred.

Steps

A preliminary analysis, if not already available, in the form of a complete flowchart of the waste fluxes in Turkey, treatment technologies and their final disposal will be developed in cooperation with relevant Turkish experts in TurkStat and other stakeholders. A core input to the estimation of methane emissions from landfills is the assessment of current and historical waste composition in the country. Various approaches for assesses waste composition will be considered for periods/years of the time series, including: the analysis of literature data and available data , assumptions on the basis national legislation related to waste treatment and recycling collection, expert judgement, and the collection of new data and information (e.g., through site sampling and investigations).

The main steps under this activity are summarized as follows:

Review the literature and studies on waste composition in Turkey;

Collect additional information on waste composition using existing data references, new questionnaires/surveys of municipalities and major landfill operators. Also check whether databases (waste cadastres/registers) are available at national/municipal level that include information on waste management and disposal technologies and verify which classification code is used to distinguish different types of waste (ECW – European Waste Catalogue or other);




Review the literature and studies on waste composition in Turkey;

Analyse the relevant national legislation on waste and the deployment of different waste management approaches in Turkey;

Development of country‐specific parameters and emission factors based on climatic parameters (temperature, humidity) and other factors relevant to the estimation process, including the amount of biogas collected and recovered for energy purposes or flared in landfills;

To the extent possible and useful, conduct field measurements of waste composition at select locations in Turkey, focusing on the major landfill sites;

Apply the results on waste compositions to the methodology to estimate emissions from ‘Solid waste disposal on land’ and ‘Waste incineration’ along the time series; suggest specific documentation improvements to Turkey’s national inventory report for this category.

Develop improved category‐specific QA/QC procedures. Apply quality checks on activity data derived by questionnaire surveys and ensure consistency between the reported data (CRF tables) and the description in the NIR;

Assess uncertainties associated to the emission estimates, supporting figures reported as expert judgment or using country‐specific values from the questionnaire surveys;

Working in cooperation with relevant TurkStat and MEU experts, improve the NIR in terms of its description of emission trends and drivers, estimation methods, QA/QC, recalculations, and uncertainty.

Replacement Activity #2: Industrial processes and Product Use ‐ F‐gases


The main problem highlighted in the UNFCCC review report is related to F‐gas emissions is that these categories are not accounted for or are only partly reported. This lack of completeness and accuracy is related to the calculation of SF6 emissions from aluminium and magnesium foundries, HFC and PFC emissions from foam blowing, fire extinguishers, aerosol/metered dose inhalers, solvents, other applications using ozone‐depleting substance substitutes and semiconductor manufacture under consumption of halocarbons and SF6 and new categories for which methodologies are now available in the 2006 IPCC guidelines.

Specifically, for emissions from the category ‘Consumption of halocarbons and SF6’ the recommendation to move to higher tier methods, at least for refrigeration and air condition equipment, was followed by the recommendation of establishing a good data collection system to estimate F‐gas emissions and implement the Ministerial regulation on F‐gases which should be prepared in the current year (2015).

The Expert Review Team also noted the presence of cross cutting problems related to the implementation and documentation of QA/QC activities and the uncertainty analysis.


The improvements proposed are summarised as follows:

Develop a system for the collection of activity data on each HFC gas, NF3, and SF6 at detailed sub‐application level by taking into account the reporting and calculation requirements defined in 2006 IPCC Guidelines, and relevant national legislation on these gases;

Estimate F‐gas emissions moving to higher tiers and improve the reporting of these gases in the inventory;




Steps





Collection and analysis of information on imports and exports of each F‐gas and gas containing equipment, through questionnaires sent to producers, distributors and custom authorities;

Collection of sub‐application level of activity data on each HFCs, NF3 and SF6 from relevant stakeholders;

Identification of country‐specific emission factor for each sub‐application level such as refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC), fire protection, foam blowing, aerosols, solvents, electrical equipment and other relevant applications in CRF tables;

Conducting a survey on possible end‐of‐life fates for the various sub‐application levels (including references to national legislation on this issue);

Recalculation of F‐gas emission for the whole time series.




Replacement Activity #3: Agriculture Sector Key Categories


The UNFCCC review report highlights that Turkey applies the Tier 1 method and default IPCC emission factors for all the key categories of the Agriculture sector. Most of the Expert Review Team’s recommendations point to the need to apply higher tier methods to improve the accuracy of emission estimates and use country‐ specific information. Other problems were related to the implementation of QA/QC procedures and transparent documentation of the methodologies used to estimate emissions and reasons for recalculations in the NIR.

In particular, methane emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management, as well as N2O emissions from manure management and direct soils, need to be improved. Relevant improvements could be achieved using national data, some of which are already collected by TurkStat and officially reported to EUROSTAT in the framework of ‘Agriculture statistics’ reporting. Higher tier methods require the use of parameters (e.g. milk productivity, average animal mass, animal waste management system distribution) that may already be collected in the context of the official national agriculture surveys or research.


The main improvement will be the application of the Tier 2 methods for the key categories of the Agriculture sector and the establishment of a network of institutions and experts supporting the update of information and dataflow for the preparation of emission estimates.

Other improvements for the implementation of QA/QC procedures, assessment of uncertainty related to activity data and emission factors, and documentation transparency in the NIR of the methodologies used as well as recalculations for Agriculture sector key categories.

Steps





Identify, collect, and review the statistical information available at country/regional level on agriculture; analysis of agriculture statistics available in TurkStat databases;

Review available research and industry literature on agriculture practices in Turkey and in nearby countries, especially from universities within Turkey;

Where information is not available, set up the relevant questions and information to be included in future sectoral surveys;

Review the available literature on agriculture emissions in Turkey and in nearby countries;

To the extent possible, collect qualitative and quantitative information from the main intensive manure farms and/or from the relevant experts of the sector (universities, other institutions, category associations);

Establishment of a network of institutions and experts supporting the update of basic information and dataflow for the preparation of future emission estimates;

Apply, on the basis of information available, the Tier 2 methods of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines to the following categories: methane from enteric fermentation, methane from manure management, and direct N2O soil emissions.




Replacement Activity #4: Iron and Steel Production


The UNFCCC review report for CO2 from iron and steel production in Turkey noted several problems related to completeness, time series consistency, and transparency. As reported in the previous Turkish GHG inventory, steel is produced in Turkey at 3 integrated iron and steel facilities (using basic oxygen furnaces) and 27 electric arc furnace mills. Historically, though, open hearth furnaces were used prior to the year 1999. CO2 from iron and steel projection is a key category for Turkey.

Specifically, the recommendations were to: 1) reconcile and report separately Energy and IPPU sector fuel statistics and emission estimates for entire time series; 2) report a complete time series, including 1990 thru 2009, which was not reported separately in the previous Turkish inventory submission; 3) and provide transparent documentation in the NIR on the use of carbon feedstocks in the iron and steel industry.


The improvements proposed are summarised as follows:

Develop a system for the collection of carbon feedstock data from the iron and steel industry, taking into account the reporting and calculation requirements in 2006 IPCC Guidelines;

Estimate “complete” CO2 from iron and steel production for the entire time series and covering all iron and steel production in Turkey using higher tier technology‐specific emission factors and production data;

Develop a transparent description of the flows and uses of fossil fuel feedstocks for energy and reducing agents in iron and steel production in Turkey for use in future NIRs.







Steps


Collection and analysis of information on all iron and steel production facilities in Turkey as well as carbon and fuel inputs through available statistics, literature, Turkish experts, questionnaires sent to producers, distributors and custom authorities;

Prepare a complete time series of iron and steel production statistics for Turkey by technology‐type, using available data and data gap filling recalculation techniques as necessary;

Create a carbon mass balance for the entire iron and steel industry, as well as for currently operating major facilities, covering fossil fuel energy and reducing agent sources (including coke and sinter);

Identification of country‐specific and/or technology‐specific emission factors covering all facilities in Turkey, both current and historical;

Recalculation of CO2 from iron and steel production emissions for the whole time series.

Investigate energy balance statistics for entire time series to properly subtract carbon feedstock consumption (e.g., coke as a reducing agent) that are reported in IPPU sector but were previously reported under fossil fuel combustion emission estimates in Energy sector. Develop recalculations for Energy sector, as necessary, and fully document.







7.3 Questionnaire on Turkish Energy Balance

How is data for fossil fuel production in Turkey collected? Please address by fuel type (see table below) How is fuel consumption data collected for each end use sector and fuel type?

SECTOR FUEL TYPE

Electric power sector Coal

Industrial sector Liquid fuels

Transport sector Natural gas

Commercial/institutional sector Biomass

Residential sector Other fuels

If fuel consumption data collected directly from plants? Is this data clearly distinguished from fuel deliveries? Is data on fuel stocks also collected? When fuel consumption data is collected from fuel suppliers/distributors how is fuel allocated to end‐use sectors? Please address for each sector and fuel type. If based on deliveries, are direct imports of fuels by power stations included? In general, what are the impediments to collecting fuel consumption data for each sector? Are there any fuels for which data is not currently collected? What data on biofuel consumption is currently collected? How? How are data for waste or other unconventional fuels collected? What checks are employed to assure that all power stations, industrial installations / fuel distributors have reported data? What are the sources of data for fuel consumption in the iron and steel industry? Are any fuels omitted (e.g., tars and oils)? For transportation sector is consumption data on less common fuels such as LPG and CNG collected? How? How have all fuelling methods been included? Are all direct imports included? Are there unrecorded fuel quantities entering the country? Specifically, how is data collected from airlines and marine shipping? For commercial/institutional sector, how have the data for consumption of non‐marketed fuels been obtained? Has data confidentiality complicated the collection or use of the data? For residential sector, what checks have been made on consumption figures using household surveys (where they exist)? Is any account taken of unrecorded use of natural gas due to theft or metering practices? What problems do industry requests for data confidentiality present your statistical collection efforts and how have you dealt with this challenge? What have you identified as the issues that contribute the largest amount to the uncertainties in your energy statistics? For example, in incomplete survey responses a problem? Why and from whom?




What fuel sampling/quality statistics are collected for NCV values? What are the response rates for each of your industry questionnaires? What is the penalty for not reporting? What does your office do to address individual cases of nonreporting? Do you have a manual or report that summarizes your data collection process for energy other than what is in the “Official Statistics Programme 2012‐2016 (Rev.1)”? Similarly, a report that summarizes your needed or planned statistical improvements? How do you collect data on the faction of fossil fuels used for non‐energy purposes such as plastics, asphalt, lubricants, etc. in the petrochemical industry? Can we receive a copy of your questionnaire/reporting forms sent to firms for energy data collection? How do you plan on using/incorporating data from the new GHG MRV legislation that will begin to be available after this year? How do you address large year to year swings/fluctuations in energy consumption data that indicates potential errors? What support/training would you like to receive to improve Turkish fuel statistics?




7.4 Syllabi for Online Course on IPCC Guidelines

501 IPCC Guidelines: Introduction and Cross‐Cutting Issues

The impact of human activities on the global climate has been irrefutably recorded and documented by the

scientific community. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, human activities

result in emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and

halocarbons, which accumulate in the atmosphere, causing concentrations to increase with time. Significant

increases in all of these gases have been recorded during the industrial era and these increases are

attributable to human activities.

National and international efforts to reduce the human impact on the global climate rely on knowing the

amount of emissions released and of the carbon absorbed as result of human intervention. GHG inventories

provide information that is vital for the design of policies and measures to both reduce emissions of

greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and to enhance their removal in forests and other lands.

Compiling a GHG inventory can be described as the systematic approach to record and account for the

contribution of human activities to global net greenhouse gas emissions. The quality of your inventory data

relies on the use of appropriate methodologies, reliable statistical information and representative factors to

derive emissions and removals.

This course is serves as a rigorous introduction to the Institute’s series on greenhouse gas inventories using the

2006 IPCC Guidelines. You will learn the fundamental processes and techniques for compiling an inventory of

GHG emissions and removals before you learn to estimate emissions and removals from specific sectors and

activities in the other courses in this series.

In this course you will learn the importance of, and how to establish, institutional arrangements for your GHG

inventory, how to identify the most important activities and how to select appropriate estimation

methodologies. You will also learn how to calculate the uncertainty of your estimates, how to ensure that your

inventory is as complete as possible, and how to establish quality assurance/quality control and verification

procedures. In sum, upon completion you will know the state‐of‐the‐art practices for developing high‐quality

emissions and removals data established by the international expert community.

A unique aspect of this series of courses is that it is applicable to all GHG measurement, reporting, and

verification (MRV) programs and accounting frameworks, including:

National

Sub‐national (province, state, municipality)

Sectoral/program/policy (NAMAs, REDD+)

Entity (organization, company, or individual)

Product/Supply chain/Technology (life‐cycle)

Facility/Installation

Project/Activity

The course was developed by the GHG Management Institute with the support of the USAID Low Emission

Asian Development (LEAD) program.

Course Lessons:

1. Course introduction




2. Introduction to GHG inventory guidelines3. Approaches to data collection 4. Uncertainties 5. Methodological choice and identification of key categories 6. Time series consistency 7. Quality Assurance / Quality Control and Verification 8. GHG inventory tools

Also included are discussion groups, case studies, quizzes, exercises, and final exam. A Certificate of Proficiency

is available and requires the passing of an exam.

Who should attend:

This course is designed for anyone using, developing or working with greenhouse emissions and removal

estimation and GHG inventories. It is recommended that you have some prior knowledge of technical and

policy matters related to climate change (i.e., basic concepts of climate science, greenhouse gases, radiative

forcing, etc.). But it is not necessary to have extensive prior experience in GHG inventories or GHG accounting.

Upon completion, you will have expert level knowledge and skills necessary to use and/or prepare GHG

inventories.

Approximate number of working hours to complete: 24‐40 hours

Course Developers: Stelios Pesmajoglou and Michael Gillenwater

511 IPCC Guidelines: Energy (Fuel Combustion and Fugitive Emissions)

National and international efforts to reduce the human impact on the global climate rely on knowing the amount of emissions released due to human activities. GHG inventories provide information that is vital for the design of policies and measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The quality of your inventory data relies on the use of appropriate methodologies, reliable statistical information and representative factors to derive emission estimates. As is well known, activities related to the combustion of fossil fuels and other energy‐related activities are by far the largest source of GHG emissions globally, as well as for most individual countries, organizations, and projects. This course provides a rigorous training on the emission sources and estimation methodologies for the energy sector based on the internationally endorsed 2006 IPCC Guidelines. This course should be combined with the Institute’s 501 IPCC: Introduction and Cross‐Cutting Issues course.

Specifically in this course, you will learn to:

1. Identify the specific activities resulting in GHG emissions from extraction, processing, and combustion of all types of fossil fuels

2. Estimate emissions using IPCC methodologies 3. Distinguish between methodological tiers available for estimating emissions and their data

requirements 4. List and describe the possible reasons for double‐counting and how to avoid them 5. Identify and avoid typical problems with the estimation of emissions from the energy sector

A unique aspect of this series of courses is that it is applicable to all GHG measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) programs and accounting frameworks, including:

National









Project/Activity

The course was developed by the GHG Management Institute with the support of the USAID Low Emission Asian Development (LEAD) program.

Course Lessons:

1. Introduction/ Overview 2. Stationary combustion 3. Mobile combustion 4. Fugitive emissions – Coal 5. Fugitive emissions – Oil and natural gas 6. Carbon dioxide transport, injection and geological storage 7. Reference approach (optional lesson for national GHG inventory learners)

Also included are discussion groups, case studies, quizzes, exercises, and final exam.

A Certificate of Proficiency is available and requires the passing of an exam after completion of the course.

Who should attend:

This course is designed for anyone using, developing or working with greenhouse emissions and removal estimation and GHG inventories. It is recommended that you have some prior knowledge of technical and policy matters related to climate change (i.e., basic concepts of climate science, greenhouse gases, radiative forcing, etc.). But it is not necessary to have extensive prior experience in GHG inventories or GHG accounting. The course is especially useful for GHG program officers, environmental officers from government or the private sector, and energy industry professionals. You are not required to have prior experience on the GHG estimation methodologies. Upon completion, you will have expert level knowledge and skills necessary to use and/or prepare GHG emission estimates from energy‐related emission sources.


Course Developer(s): Stelios Pesmajoglou, GHG Management Institute

521 IPCC Guidelines: Industrial Processes and Other Product Use

National and international efforts to reduce the human impact on the global climate rely on knowing the amount of emissions released due to human activities. GHG inventories provide information that is vital for the design of policies and measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The quality of your inventory data relies on the use of appropriate methodologies, reliable statistical information and representative factors to derive emission estimates. There are a myriad of industrial processes and chemicals usage activities that are not related to the use of energy yet are still significant sources of GHG emissions. Some of these sources release GHGs that remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years and have global warming potential (GWP) values thousands of times greater than carbon dioxide. This course provides a rigorous training on the emission sources and estimation methodologies for the industrial process and product use sector based on the internationally endorsed 2006 IPCC Guidelines. This course should be combined with the Institute’s 501 IPCC: Introduction and Cross‐Cutting Issues course.





1. Identify the specific activities resulting in GHG emissions from industrial processes 2. Estimate emissions using IPCC methodologies 3. Distinguish between methodological tiers available for estimating emissions and their data

requirements 4. List and describe the possible reasons for double‐counting and how to avoid them 5. Identify and avoid typical problems with the estimation of emissions from the industrial processes

and product use sector


National






Project/Activity


Course Lessons:

1. Introduction and overview 2. Mineral industry 3. Chemical industry 4. Metal industry 5. Non‐energy products from fuels and solvent use 6. Electronics industry 7. Fluorinated substitutes for ozone depleting substances 8. Other project manufacture and use 9. Potential emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6

(optional lesson for national GHG inventory learners)



Who should attend:

This course is designed for anyone using, developing or working with greenhouse emissions and removal estimation and GHG inventories. It is recommended that you have some prior knowledge of technical and policy matters related to climate change (i.e., basic concepts of climate science, greenhouse gases, radiative forcing, etc.). But it is not necessary to have extensive prior experience in GHG inventories or GHG accounting. The course is especially useful for GHG program officers, environmental officers from government or the private sector, and professionals involved in industrial processing. You are not required to have prior experience on the GHG estimation methodologies. Upon completion, you will have expert level knowledge and skills necessary to use and/or prepare GHG emission estimates from industrial process‐related emission




sources.



531 IPCC Guidelines: Agriculture

National and international efforts to reduce the human impact on the global climate rely on knowing the amount of GHG emissions and removals attributable to human activities. GHG inventories provide information that is vital for the design of policies and measures to reduce emissions and increase removals of greenhouse gases. The quality of your inventory data relies on the use of appropriate methodologies, reliable statistical information and representative factors to derive emission estimates. Agriculture‐related activities are ubiquitous across the world and are critical to all societies because of the food products and other goods they supply. Emissions from these activities, though, can be challenging to estimate accurately due to the inherent variability in biological systems.

This course provides a rigorous training on the emission sources and estimation methodologies for the agriculture sector based on the internationally endorsed 2006 IPCC Guidelines. This course should be combined with the Institute’s 501 IPCC: Introduction and Cross‐Cutting Issues course.


1. Identify the specific activities resulting in GHG emissions from agriculture 2. Estimate emissions using IPCC methodologies 3. Distinguish between methodological tiers available for estimating emissions and their data

requirements 4. Identify and avoid typical problems with the estimation of emissions from agriculture sector


National






Project/Activity


Course Lessons:

1. Introduction and overview 2. Livestock 3. Other direct and indirect emissions (e.g., N20 and CO2 from soils) 4. Rice cultivation




5. Harvested wood products



Who should attend:

This course is designed for anyone using, developing or working with greenhouse emissions estimation and GHG inventories. It is recommended that you have some prior knowledge of technical and policy matters related to climate change (i.e., basic concepts of climate science, greenhouse gases, radiative forcing, etc.). But it is not necessary to have extensive prior experience in GHG inventories or GHG accounting. Upon completion, you will have expert level knowledge and skills necessary to use and/or prepare GHG inventories.


Course Developer(s): Sandro Federici, Katie, Goldman, and Stelios Pesmajoglou; GHG Management Institute

541 IPCC Guidelines: Forestry and Other Land Uses

National and international efforts to reduce the human impact on the global climate rely on knowing the amount of GHG emissions and removals attributable to human activities. GHG inventories provide information that is vital for the design of policies and measures to reduce emissions and increase removals of greenhouse gases. The quality of your inventory data relies on the use of appropriate methodologies, reliable statistical information and representative factors to derive emission and removal estimates from sources and sinks. Land‐use and land‐use change‐related activities are a key source of mitigation potential through afforestation and reforestation efforts as well as the more recent international attention on reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation of forest lands (REDD).

This course provides a rigorous training on the emission sources and removal sinks and estimation methodologies for the forestry and other land use sector based on the internationally endorsed 2006 IPCC Guidelines. This course should be combined with the Institute’s 501 IPCC: Introduction and Cross‐Cutting Issues course.


1. Identify the specific activities resulting in GHG emissions from forestry and other land uses 2. Estimate emissions using IPCC methodologies 3. Distinguish between methodological tiers available for estimating emissions and their data

requirements 4. Identify and avoid typical problems with the estimation of emissions from forestry and land use sector


National









Project/Activity


Course Lessons:

1. Introduction and overview 2. Forestland 3. Cropland 4. Grassland 5. Wetlands 6. Settlements



Who should attend:

This course is designed for anyone using, developing or working with greenhouse emissions estimation and GHG inventories. It is recommended that you have some prior knowledge of technical and policy matters related to climate change (i.e., basic concepts of climate science, greenhouse gases, radiative forcing, etc.). But it is not necessary to have extensive prior experience in GHG inventories or GHG accounting. Upon completion, you will have expert level knowledge and skills necessary to use and/or prepare GHG inventories.


Course Developer(s): Sandro Federici, Katie Goldman, and Stelios Pesmajoglou; GHG Management Institute.

551 IPCC Guidelines: Waste

National and international efforts to reduce the human impact on the global climate rely on knowing the amount of emissions released due to human activities. GHG inventories provide information that is vital for the design of policies and measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The quality of your inventory data relies on the use of appropriate methodologies, reliable statistical information and representative factors to derive emission estimates. Waste handling and treatment is a key activity for protecting public health, a significant source of GHG emissions, and simultaneously both a low cost mitigation option and source of bioenergy.

This course provides a rigorous training on the emission sources and estimation methodologies for the waste sector based on the internationally endorsed 2006 IPCC Guidelines. This course should be combined with the Institute’s 501 IPCC: Introduction and Cross‐Cutting Issues course.


1. Identify the specific activities resulting in GHG emissions from waste processes 2. Estimate emissions using IPCC methodologies 3. Distinguish between methodological tiers available for estimating emissions and their data

requirements 4. List and describe the possible reasons for double‐counting and how to avoid them




5. Identify and avoid typical problems with the estimation of emissions from the waste sector


National






Project/Activity


Course Lessons:

1. Introduction and overview 2. Solid waste disposal 3. Biological treatment of solid waste 4. Incineration and open burning 5. Wastewater treatment and discharge



Who should attend:

This course is designed for anyone using, developing or working with greenhouse emissions estimation and GHG inventories. It is recommended that you have some prior knowledge of technical and policy matters related to climate change (i.e., basic concepts of climate science, greenhouse gases, radiative forcing, etc.). But it is not necessary to have extensive prior experience in GHG inventories or GHG accounting. The course is especially useful for GHG program officers, environmental officers from government or the private sector, and waste industry professionals. You are not required to have prior experience on the GHG estimation methodologies. Upon completion, you will have expert level knowledge and skills necessary to use and/or prepare GHG emission estimates from waste‐related emission sources.






7.5 Study Tour Programme (Italy)

Study visit ‐ ITALY

7‐11 September 2015

Daily Program

Sunday 6th September

Arrival in Rome

Day 1

Monday 7th September

Rome – Via V. Brancati, 48

Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA)

Morning 9.30‐ 13.00

Institutional arrangements

9.30 – 10.00 Role of ISPRA in compliance with local, national and international environmental regulations ‐

(ISPRA)

10.00 – 10.30 National System ‐ (ISPRA)

10.30 – 11.00 Coffee break

11.00– 11.30 QA/QC plan and procedures ‐ (ISPRA)

11.30 – 12.00 Database of references ‐ (ISPRA)

12.00 – 12.30 Italian National Communication: policies and measures in energy sector ‐ (ISPRA)

13.00 ‐ 14.00 Lunch

Afternoon 14.30‐ 17.00

14.30 – 15:00 Institutional frameworks for climate change activities in Italy ‐ (MATTM)

15.00 – 16.00 Italian National Communication: policies and measures in other sectors (industrial processes,

waste management, agriculture and land use change and forestry)‐ (ISPRA)

Day 2

Tuesday 8th September



Morning 9.30 ‐ 13.00

9.30 ‐ 10.00 Reporting of supplementary information under Article 7, paragraph 1: Information Kyoto

units and national registry (ETS) ‐ (ISPRA)

10.00 – 10.30 Use of E‐PRTR data ‐ (ISPRA)





11.00 ‐ 11.30 Use of other point sources databases (Emissions Trading Scheme, Large Combustion

Plants) – (ISPRA)

11.30 ‐ 12.30 Italian National Communication: climate change research and systematic observation.

Vulnerability assessment, climate change impacts and adaptation measures ‐ (ISPRA)

12.30 ‐ 13.00 Italian National Communication: education, training and public awareness ‐ (ISPRA)

13.00 ‐ 14.00 Lunch

Afternoon 14.30‐ 17.00

Rome – Via C. Balbo 16

ISTAT

14.30 – 17.00 Italian Statistical System and ISTAT contribution to the emissions inventory implementation ‐

(Italian Institute of Statistics ‐ ISTAT)

Day 3

Wednesday 9th September



Morning 9.00 ‐ 13.00

9.00 – 9.30 National Energy Balance. “Italian experiences in collecting data for energy balance”

‐ (Ministry of Economic Development ‐ MSE)

9.30 ‐ 10.00 National electricity statistics ‐ (National grid operator for electricity transmission ‐ TERNA)


10.30 – 11.30 Italian National Communication. GHG projections: scenario definition, main assumptions,

methodologies used, sectoral GHG projections, major drivers for projected emissions. Total

effect of policies and measures ‐ (ISPRA)

Afternoon

Transfer to Milan

Day 4

Thursday 10th September

Joint Research Centre (JRC)

Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA)

Morning 9.00 ‐ 13.00




Visit to the Institute of Environmental Sustainability of the Joint Research Centre (IES/JRC) located in ISPRA –

(Varese)

Day 5

Friday 11th September

Milan ‐ Via I. Rosellini 17 ‐ 20124 MILANO

Regional environmental protection agency ‐ ARPA Lombardia

Morning 9.00 ‐ 13.00

9.00 ‐ 13.00 Local and regional inventories and air quality issues (ARPA Lombardia)

Afternoon

Visit to Expo 2015 Milan

Saturday 12th September

Departure to Ankara

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