TECHNICAL AND COST MODEL FOR SLIPWAY...

TECHNICAL AND COST MODEL FOR SLIPWAY DEVELOPMENT

NOOR RASHIDAWANI BINTI MD NOOR

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

TECHNICAL AND COST MODEL FOR SLIPWAY DEVELOPMENT

NOOR RASHIDAWANI BINTI MD NOOR

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of

Master of Engineering (Marine Technology)

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

OCTOBER 2014

iii

To my precious and beloved father and late mother, for the love and prays during the

day and night,

Whom I dedicate this work with great respect and love,

Eternally...

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, The

Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds; Most Gracious, Most Merciful; Master of The

Day of Judgment. The do we worship, and Thine aid we seek. Show us the

straightway, the way of those whom Thou has bestowed Thy grace, those whose

(portion) is nor wrath, and who go not astray. This thesis is the testimony of the fact

that by having faith in Allah, the impossible is made possible. Many times I reached

dead ends; many times I felt frustrated and stressful; it is in Him I found the strength,

peace and hope to carry on.

I would also like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Associate

Professor Dr. Mohd Zamani Bin Ahmad of all his encouragements, guidance, patience,

dedication and confidence in helping me to complete this project. I would like to express

my appreciation for him in sharing his professional opinion and knowledge while

working on my project.

Warmest gratitude and special dedication to late mother and father, whom I

can afford on facing any hardship and accomplish this work at my best. Special

gratitude to dearest sisters for the understanding, support and prays. Also thanks to

Kamarudin, who inspired me to move on forward despite the painstakingly

sacrificial. I dedicate this work for our beloved family gratefully. I also extend my

utmost gratitude to all my friends who lend a hand in the success of my thesis. I

would like to thank Sunarsih for their dedication and motivation in helping me to

achieve the completion of the research.

v

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the discussion and progression of slipway construction in

Malaysia is developing extensively due to the growth of the fleets registered in the

country. In conjunction with the slipway constructions, it is crucial for the developer

to have an early estimation of the principal dimensions of the slipway as well as the

final cost since the development of the slipway involves a huge cost. The technical

and cost estimation tools are oftenly used by the key person in the project

management team to identify the technical feature and cost involved in slipway

construction project. Therefore, this research is aimed at developing a model to

identify the principal dimensions of the slipway including length, breadth, maximum

capacity, angle, cradle size and construction cost. The technical and cost model

developed can be used as a tool to support the developer in performing the decision

making during the pre-design stage of the slipway development project. The model

was developed by performing regression analysis to the collected historical data from

the previous slipway projects in Malaysia. A total of thirteen (13) mathematical

equations to identify the slipways’ principal dimension and construction cost has

been successfully generated. An Excel package for technical and cost model have

also been developed. The package has been verified by substituting the historical

data in order to determine the limitations of the package. The technical and cost

model package was deemed appropriate for the slipways with capacity between 277

tones to 3363 tones. At the end of the research, the package has been tested to

determine the accuracy of the output was validated by comparing the results against

the real world data from Slipway Kuala Linggi Project. The highest error found was

only 13.1% for the slipway length variables, showing that the package resembles the

real world data. Therefore, the technical and cost model developed is considered

relevant to both industry practitioners and academic researchers.

vi

ABSTRAK

Kebelakangan ini, pembinaan tempat pelancaran kapal semakin meningkat

iaitu selari dengan pertambahan bilangan kapal yang berdaftar di Malaysia. Seiring

dengan perkembangan ini, adalah penting bagi pemaju menganggar parameter utama

tempat pelancaran kapal ini dan sekaligus menganggar kos yang diperlukan untuk

membina tempat pelancaran kapal yang mana ia melibatkan kos yang sangat tinggi.

Teknikal dan kos model seringkali diguna pakai oleh orang yang berkepentingan

dalam industri pembinaan tempat pelancaran kapal walaupun kejituan keputusan

yang diperolehi itu berkemungkinan rendah. Kajian ini menumpukan terhadap

pembinaan model untuk mengenal pasti parameter utama panjang, lebar, kebolehan

maksimum, sudut, dan kos pembinaan bagi tempat pelancaran kapal. Model ini boleh

digunakan sebagai medium utama dalam peringkat awal merekabentuk tempat

pelancaran kapal. Model ini dibina dengan mengaplikasikan analisis regresi terhadap

data yang diperolehi daripada projek-projek pembinaan tempat pelancaran kapal

yang terdahulu di Malaysia. Sejumlah tiga belas (13) persamaan matematik untuk

mengenal pasti parameter utama tempat pelancaran kapal dan kos pembinaan telah

berjaya dihasilkan. Pakej ‘Excel’ juga telah dibina untuk mengenal pasti parameter

teknikal dan kos pembinaan tempat pelancaran kapal. Pakej ini telah disahkan

dengan menggunakan data yang terdahulu untuk menentukan had kebolehan pakej

dalam menentukan parameter utama dan kos pembinaan tempat pelancaran kapal.

Teknikal dan kos model yang dibina sesuai untuk pelancaran kapal dengan kapasiti

antara 277 hingga 3363 ton. Pada akhir kajian ini, pakej yang telah diuji untuk

menentukan ketepatan output. Pakej ini telah disahkan dengan membandingkan data

sebenar dari tempat pelancaran kapal Projek Kuala Linggi. Ralat paling tinggi

didapati hanya 13.1% bagi panjang tempat pelancaran kapal. Oleh itu, model yang

dibina dianggap bermanfaat untuk sektor industri dan juga penyelidik akademik.

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

DECLARATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

ABSTRACT v

ABSTRAK vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES xi

LIST OF FIGURES xvii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background of Study 1

1.2 Statement of Problem 3

1.3 Research Objective 4

1.4 Scope of Research 4

1.5 Structure of Dissertation 5

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 6

2.2 Short Review of Slipway 6

2.3 Types of Slipway 9

2.4 Site Selection of Slipway Development 11

2.4.1 Bathymetry and Approach Channel 11

2.4.2 Sheltered Area 12

viii

2.4.3 Environmental Impact 12

2.4.4 Soil Condition 13

2.4.5 Site Accessibility 13

2.5 Main Component of Slipway 14

2.5.1 Repair Berth 15

2.5.2 Keel Blocks 15

2.5.3 Ground Ways 16

2.5.4 Sliding Ways 16

2.5.5 Cradle 17

2.6 Design Theory of Slipway 18

2.6.1 Slipway Slope and Length Calculation 18

2.6.2 Pulling Capacity Calculation 20

2.7 Factors Need To Be Considered in Develop a 22

New Slipway

2.8 Overview of Technical Cost Model 23

2.9 Overview of Regression Analysis 24

2.10 Variable Selection for Regression Analysis 25

2.11 Building of Regression Model 27

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 30

3.2 Research Methodology Flowchart 31

3.3 Selection of Research Variables 32

3.4 Data Collection 34

3.5 Development of Technical Model 35

3.5.1 Research Hyphotesis 36

3.5.2 Test for Statistical Significance 40

3.5.3 Interpretation of Pearson Correlation Result 43

3.5.4 Develop Technical Model 45

3.6 Development of Cost Estimation Model 48

3.7 Development of Excel Package 55

3.8 Model Verification 56

3.9 Model Validation 58

ix

4 RESULT AND FINDINGS

4.1 Introduction 60

4.2 The Technical Model 61

4.2.1 Slipway Length 61

4.2.2 Slipway Breadth 64

4.2.3 Slipway Angle 67

4.2.4 Slipway Capacity 69

4.2.5 Cradle Length 72

4.2.6 Cradle Breadth 75

4.3 Cost Model 77

4.3.1 Engineering Cost 81

4.3.2 Earthwork Cost 82

4.3.3 Cradle Cost 85

4.3.4 Rail Track Cost 86

4.3.5 Winch Cost 89

4.3.6 Assembly Cost 90

4.3.7 Commissioning Cost 92

4.4 Excel Package for Technical Cost Model 93

4.5 Results of Model Verification 96

4.6 Results of Model Validation 98

5 DISCUSSION

5.1 Introduction 100

5.2 Discussion on Results of Technical Model Developed 100

5.3 Discussion on the Trend of Current Slipway 104

Development Cost

5.4 Discussion on the Cost Model Developed 108

5.5 Discussion on the Excel Package Developed 112

5.6 Discussion on the Results of the Package Verification 113

5.7 Discussion on the Results of the Package Validation 114

6 CONCLUSION

6.1 Overview of the Research 115

6.2 Conclusion 116

x

6.3 Recommendation for Future Works 117

REFERENCES 119

APPENDICES 123

xi

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

1.1 Number of vessel registered to Malaysia Marine Department 3

based on DWT

2.1 Magnitude of the Effect for Pearson’s Coefficient 26

3.1 Technical variable 33

3.2 Short listed variables 33

3.3 Factors that affect slipway construction cost 34

3.4 Regression assumption for technical model 36

3.5 Research hypothesis for length of slipway 37

3.6 Research hypothesis for breadth of slipway 37

3.7 Research hypothesis for angle of slipway 38

3.8 Research hypothesis for maximum capacity of slipway 38

3.9 Research hypothesis for cradle length 39

3.10 Research hypothesis for cradle breadth 39

xii

3.11 Magnitude of the effect for Pearson’s Coefficient (r) 40

3.12 Pearson correlation result for slipway length 41

3.13 Pearson correlation result for slipway breadth 41

3.14 Pearson correlation result for angle of slipway 41

3.15 Pearson correlation result for maximum capacity of slipway 42

3.16 Pearson correlation result for cradle length 42

3.17 Pearson correlation result for cradle breadth 42

3.18 Final hypothesis for slipway length 43

3.19 Final hypothesis for slipway breadth 43

3.20 Final hypothesis for angle of slipway 44

3.21 Final hypothesis for slipway maximum capacity 44

3.22 Final hypothesis for cradle length 44

3.23 Final hypothesis for cradle breadth 45

3.24 Regression analysis data in identifying length of slipway 46

3.25 Regression analysis data in identifying breadth of slipway 46

3.26 Regression analysis data in identifying angle of slipway 46

3.27 Regression analysis data in identifying slipway capacity 47

xiii

3.28 Regression analysis data in identifying length of cradle 47

3.29 Regression analysis data in identifying breadth of cradle 47

3.30 Cost consideration factors 48

3.31 Regression assumption for cost model 50

3.32 Conversion factors 51

3.33 Detail of cost figure as of year 2012 for slipway construction 52

3.34 Regression analysis data in identifying engineering cost 53

3.35 Regression analysis data in identifying earthwork cost 53

3.36 Regression analysis data in identifying cradle cost 54

3.37 Regression analysis data in identifying rail track cost 54

3.38 Regression analysis data in identifying winch cost 54

3.39 Regression analysis data in identifying assembly cost 55

3.40 Regression analysis data in identifying commissioning cost 55

3.41 Verification data 56

3.42 Verification input data for technical and cost model 57

3.43 Validation data for technical model 58

3.44 Validation data for cost model 59

xiv

4.1 Regression statistic for slipway length model 63

4.2 Regression analysis for slipway length model 63

4.3 Regression statistic for slipway breadth model 66

4.4 Regression analysis for slipway breadth model 66

4.5 Regression statistic for slipway angle model 68

4.6 Regression analysis for slipway angle model 69

4.7 Regression statistic for slipway capacity model 71

4.8 Regression analysis for slipway capacity model 71

4.9 Regression statistic for cradle length model 74

4.10 Regression analysis for cradle length model 74

4.11 Regression statistic for cradle breadth model 76

4.12 Regression analysis for cradle breadth model 77

4.13 Regression statistic for engineering cost model 81

4.14 Regression analysis for engineering cost model 82

4.15 Regression statistic for earthwork cost model 84

4.16 Regression analysis for earthwork cost model 84

4.17 Regression statistic for cradle cost model 86

xv

4.18 Regression analysis for cradle cost model 86

4.19 Regression statistic for rail track cost model 88

4.20 Regression analysis for rail track cost model 88

4.21 Regression statistic for winch cost model 89

4.22 Regression analysis for winch cost model 90

4.23 Regression statistic for assembly cost model 91

4.24 Regression analysis for assembly cost model 91

4.25 Regression statistic for commissioning cost model 92

4.26 Regression analysis for commissioning cost model 93

4.27 The summarize of verification results 96

4.28 Verification Results 97

4.29 Validation factor for the technical model developed 99

4.30 Validation factor for the cost model developed 99

5.1 List of technical variables 101

5.2 Technical model for the slipway development 102

5.3 Summary of statistical regression for technical components 104

5.4 Cost model for slipway development 109

xvi

5.5 Summary of statistical regression for cost components 111

5.6 Verification result (Minimum Limit) 113

5.7 Verification result (Maximum Limit) 113

5.8 Validation results of the technical model developed 114

5.9 Validation results of the cost model developed 114

xvii

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

2.1 Slipway schematic diagram 7

2.2 Transverse or Crosswise Slipway 9

2.3 Longitudinal Slipway 10

2.4 Main Components of Slipway 14

2.5 Free body diagram of force in slipway slope 19

2.6 Acceleration and velocity of sloping cradle 21

2.7 Different Types of Scatterplot 27

2.8 Possible Power Transformation for Strengthen Scatterplot 28

2.9 Typical Pattern for Residual Plot 29

3.1 Flowchart of research methodology 31

3.2 The flow chart of regression analysis 35

3.3 Relationship between cost and technical factors 49

4.1 Residual plot of ship length for slipway length model 62

xviii

4.2 Residual plot of ship draft for slipway length model 62

4.3 Residual plot of ship deadweight for slipway length model 62

4.4 Residual plot of ship breadth for slipway length model 63

4.5 Residual plot of ship length for slipway breadth model 64

4.6 Residual plot of ship draft for slipway breadth model 65

4.7 Residual plot of ship deadweight for slipway breadth model 65

4.8 Residual plot of ship breadth for slipway breadth model 65

4.9 Residual plot of ship length for slipway angle model 67

4.10 Residual plot of ship draft for slipway angle model 67

4.11 Residual plot of ship deadweight for slipway angle model 68

4.12 Residual plot of ship breadth for slipway angle model 68

4.13 Residual plot of ship length for slipway capacity model 70

4.14 Residual plot of ship draft for slipway capacity model 70

4.15 Residual plot of ship deadweight for slipway capacity model 70

4.16 Residual plot of ship breadth for slipway capacity model 71

4.17 Residual plot of ship length for cradle length model 72

4.18 Residual plot of ship draft for cradle length model 73

xix

4.19 Residual plot of ship deadweight for cradle length model 73

4.20 Residual plot of ship breadth for cradle length model 73

4.21 Residual plot of ship length for cradle breadth model 75

4.22 Residual plot of ship draft for cradle breadth model 75

4.23 Residual plot of ship deadweight for cradle breadth model 76

4.24 Residual plot of ship breadth for cradle breadth model 76

4.25 Percentage of cost element for Geliga Slipway 1 78



4.28 Percentage of cost element for Muhibbah Engineering 79

4.29 Percentage of cost element for Sapor Engineering 79

4.30 Percentage of cost element for University Kuala Lumpur 79

4.31 Percentage of cost element for Sarawak Slipway 80

4.32 Percentage of cost element for Prospect Dockyard 80

4.33 Percentage of cost element for Tok Bali Dockyard 80

4.34 Residual plot of maximum slipway capacity for engineering 81

cost model

4.35 Residual plot of slipway length for earthwork cost model 83

xx

4.36 Residual plot of slipway breadth for earthwork cost model 83

4.37 Residual plot of slipway angle for earthwork cost model 83

4.38 Residual plot of cradle length for cradle cost model 85

4.39 Residual plot of cradle breadth for cradle cost model 85

4.40 Residual plot of slipway length for rail track cost model 87

4.41 Residual plot of slipway breadth for rail track cost model 87

4.42 Residual plot of slipway capacity for rail track cost model 87

4.43 Residual plot of slipway capacity for winch cost model 89

4.44 Residual plot of slipway capacity for assembly cost model 90

4.45 Residual plot of slipway capacity for commissioning 92

cost model

4.46 Information and instruction sheet for the technical cost 94

model package

4.47 Input value and result sheet of the technical cost model 95

package

4.48 Validation result of the excel package 98

5.1 Percentage of cost element of slipway construction 107

project within Malaysia

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

Slipways are structures to transfer vessels to or from water for temporary

storage of ship repair or new ship building purposes. Maintenance and repair are

required by all vessels to keep them in good conditions. Furthermore, it is an

obligatory for a vessel to be pulled up for checking and inspection every five years

(Soric. Z, 2005). These requirements made slipways and other dry docking methods

to be the workhorses of the ship repair facilities.

Slipways are extensively used in small yards in Malaysia to accommodate

small or medium size vessels. The slipways are widely used in ship repair and ship

building industries before the existence of another method of the new technologies

such as dry dock, ship lift and floating dock. However, till now the slipways play

important role in the ship repair industries due to minimal cost for the ship owner

compared to the other methods with the new technologies.

According to Mackie et al. (2006), usually slipways can accommodate vessel

weight up to 3000 ton. However, it is a high risk to load any vessel more than such

weight due to safety issues as the stability of the vessel on the slipway totally

2

depends on the center of gravity of the vessel. Hence, loading a vessel with more

than the stated weight will lead to a risk of collapse.

Generally, the main component of a slipway consists of winch, rail track and

cradle. However, the critical element is the rail track as highlighted by Mackie et al.

(2006). The rail track is made up of a deck system with a flat slab and is supported

with bore cast in situ piles.

Slipway construction project evolved through a series of stages, beginning

from the preliminary study, followed by several design stages and finally

implementation of the design through the actual construction. In conjunction with

such stages, preliminary design and cost estimation are very important for the

developer or project owner. According to Yaman (2007), since 1950s efforts have

been made to understand the cause-effect relationship between design parameters

and the construction cost as well as to develop a model in estimating the construction

cost.

The research addressed the need of a user friendly and reliable technical and

cost estimation model on slipway construction during early stage of a project and

proposed a conceptual technical and cost estimation method that relies on

information known before the detailed plan and specifications identified. Prediction

model for the principal dimension and size of the cradle is developed using

regression analysis. The data used is collected from the shipyards with slipways in

Malaysia.

The model developed in this research can be used as a tool to assist the

developer or project owner to identify the particulars of the slipway including the

length, breadth, angle of the slipway as well as the cradle size and the required

funding for the overall slipway construction project. Users only need to state the

desired design criteria such as length, breadth, draft and deadweight by referring to

the maximum vessel to be slipped on the slipway. The model will perform the

calculation and produce the output for the principal dimension of the slipway and the

cost to be incurred in the construction process.

3

1.2 Statement of Problem

Generally, slipway is the most cost effective dry docking method for small

vessels. It is not worth to docking vessels up to 3000 tons on dry dock, ship lift or

floating dock since the cost would be slightly higher compared to docking on a

slipway. The higher cost is the resultant of the higher technology used special and

complex design of the docking system which is more suitable for larger vessels.

According to the list of ship registered to Malaysia Marine Department, there

are 2150 numbers of ships have a deadweight less than 3000 ton. The detail data is

presented in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Number of vessel registered to Malaysia Marine Department based on

DWT (http://www.marine.gov.my/jlmeng/index.asp, 26 Feb 2012)

Deadweight(Ton)

<3000 3000-10000 10000-20000 >20000

No. of Vessel 2150 1333 420 300

Based on the data, it can be interpreted that slipways will be more demanding

in Malaysia since the vessels with capacity of 3000 ton are higher in number

compared to other capacities. However, the current developer or shipbuilders are

potentially facing many challenges to design and construct the slipway since there is

no coherent design theory and pre-design cost estimation which is the crucial

elements to construct the slipway. Hence, an effort is necessitated to fill in the gap as

to facilitate the requirement of slipway development.

As mentioned by Mackie (2006), specialized theory is required in designing

and determining the cost of the slipway. It is not a rocket science but road geometrics

of civil engineering as well as hydrostatics and stability analysis from naval

architecture side are required. Considering such thought, this research attempts to

4

develop simple mathematical equations to identify the principal dimension of the

slipway and the early cost estimation.

In the early stage or pre-design stage, most basic and functional decisions

which comprised of principal dimensions and construction cost should be made by

the developer or project owner. The developer or project owner required a technique

or a system to emphasise and prioritise their effort to control the project cost,

otherwise worst impact will affect the total cost of the slipway construction project.

Therefore, the mathematical equations developed in the current study will benefit the

developer and project owner in managing the project by predicting the basic

principal dimension and estimating the slipway construction cost.

1.3 Research objective

The objective of this research as per following:-

To develop a technical model for a main slipway parameters.

To develop a cost model for slipway construction.

To develop an excel package which can be used as a tool for predicting the

principal dimension and cost of the slipway construction.

1.4 Scope of the research

The scopes of the research are as follows.

i. This research will develop a cost model for slipway which based on technical

and construction parameter applicable in Malaysia.

5

ii. This research focusing on quantitative parameters only.

iii. The technical and cost model includes only the slipway main parameters and

the construction cost for the main components of the slipway while the

overhead cost are excluded

iv. The cost model developed focuses on the construction cost only while the

land price are neglected

v. The historical data is collected from the shipyards in Malaysia only

1.5 Structure of Thesis

This thesis is divided into six chapters. Each chapter has been partitioned into

few parts where each part has its own sectioning. The sectioning and partitioning

have been carefully done hence the content and the positioning emphasise the whole

flow of the dissertation.

Chapter 1 is the introduction of the research which contains five parts

including the background of the research, the problem statement, the objective and

the scope of the research. Chapter 2 reviews all topics which are essential to

understand the detail of the research and hence the content is related to the literature

on slipway design, technical and cost model as well as the regression analysis.

Chapter 3 overviews the detail of the methodology applied in the research which

covers all the utilized methods and activities performed towards achieving the

required results. Chapter 4 presents the result generated from the study which is

further discussed in Chapter 5. Finally, chapter 6 concludes and highlights research

achievements and makes some recommendations for the possible continuation of the

research.

119

REFERENCES

Anonym. Cost Estimation. Retrived on 19 January 2014 from

http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/05_Cost_Estimation.html. (19 Jan 2014)

Anonym. Statistics and Probability Dictionary on 16 January 2014 from

http://stattrek.com/statistics/dictionary.aspx?definition=residual%20plot. (16

Jan 2014)

Anonym. Ship Registered in Malaysia. Retrived on 26 February 2012 from

http://www.marine.gov.my/jlmeng/index.asp. (26 Feb 2012)

Anonym. Longitudinal Slipway. Retrived on 24 December 2012 from

http://www.the-navy-commissions-slipway-38325.php (24 Dec 2012)

Alqedra. Early Stage cost Estimation of Buildings Construction Projects using

Artificial Neural Networks. Journal of Artificial Intelligence 4 (1): 63-75. 2011

British Standard. Code of practice for Maritime structures - Part 3: Design of dry

docks, locks, slipways and shipbuilding berths, shiplifts and dock and lock gates.

Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Committee. 1988

Butcher, N. Cost Estimating Simplified. Institute of Museum and Library Services,

California. 2003

Civil Engineering Department. Port Works Design Manual Part 2. The Government of

the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 2004

Colonna. Horse Drawn Turnstyle marine Railway Hauling Machinery. Norfolk,

Virginia. 1989

Douglas, H. J. The Insignificance of Statistical Significance Testing. Northern Prairie

Wildlife research Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. 1999

http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/05_Cost_Estimation.html

http://stattrek.com/statistics/dictionary.aspx?definition=residual%20plot.%20(16%20Jan%202014)

http://stattrek.com/statistics/dictionary.aspx?definition=residual%20plot.%20(16%20Jan%202014)

http://www.the-navy-commissions-slipway-38325.php/

120

Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong. Technical Memorandum on

Environmental Impact Assessment Process. 1997

Fragkakis, N. A Cost Estimate Method for Bridge Superstructure using Regression

Analysis and Bootstrap. Centre for Construction Innovation, Department of

Construction, Engineering and Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering,

National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 2010

Gaythwaite, J. Design of Marine Facilities for the Berthing, Mooring and Repair

Vessel. 1990

Greves, D. Cost Engineering for Cost Effective Space Programme. Cost Analysis

Division, ESA Directorate for Industrial Matters and Technology Programmes,

ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. 2003

Hegazy T. and Ayed A. Neural network model for parametric cost estimation of

highway projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management.

124(3), pp. 210 - 218.

Izham, N.M. Morphological Characteristics, distribution, and Mycotoxin Profiles of

Fusarium Species from Soils in Peninsular Malaysia. University of Science

Malaysia. 2008

Kleijnen, J.P.C. Verification and Validation Simulation Models. Center and

Department of Information System and Auditing, Katholieke University

Brabant, LE Tilburg, Netherlands. 1993

Leong. The analysis and design of a slipway system for repair and maintenance of

boat or small ships. University Technology Malaysia. 1991

McCaffer, R. Some examples of the use of regression analysis as an estimating tool, Quantity Surveyor, p.81–86. 1975

121

Mackie, R. F. Deane. Issue in Dry Docking – Economics, Shiplifts, Slipway and Keel

Blocks. Consulting Coastal & Habour Engineer Cape Town, S. Africa. 2006

Mahamid, I. Early Cost Estimating for Roads Construction Projects Using Multiple

Regression Technique. Hail University, Saudi Arabia. 2011

Mallick, B. Variable Selection for Regression Models. The Indian Journal of Statistics,

Series B: 65-81. 1998

Miskan. Design of Slipway System for Fishing Fleet. Undergraduate Thesis of Marine

Technology, Mechanical Engineering, University Technology Malaysia. 2004

Sabol, L.A. Challenges in Cost Estimating with Building Information Modelling.

Design and Construction Strategy LLC, Washington. 2008

Sankhya. Probability Theory. The Indian Journal of Statistic. 1998

Shin, J.M. Comparison of School Building Construction Costs Estimation Method

Using Regression Analysis, Neural Network, and Support Vector Machine.

Department of Plant & Architectural Engineering, Kyonggi University,

Suwon-Si, Korea. 2011

Silalahi, Hotmatua Hamonangan. Comparative Study of the Slipway Structure to the

Type of Elongated and Transversely to the Type of Ship 3000 DWT on the Island

of Seram Maluk. Undergraduate Thesis of Offshore Engineering, Institute

Technology Sepuloh Nopember. 2012

Skitmore, R.M. Forecast Models for Actual Construction Time and Cost. School of

Construction Management and Property, Queensland University of Technology,

Australia. 2003

Soric, Z. A Slipway Structure for River Ship Repair. International Symposium on

Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering. 2005

122

Sundravadivelu, Natarajan, Gandhi, Thilakavathy. Design of Slipway Facility for

Repair and Maintenance of Port Crafts. 4th

International Conferenceon Coasts,

Ports and Marine Structure. November 2000

Sykes, A. An Introductionto Regression Analysis. Law School, University of Chicago.

1993

Thomas, Ben, Hadfield, M. and Austen, S. "Wear observations applied to lifeboat

slipway launches." Wear 267.11: 2062-2069. (2009)

Touran, A. “Probabilistic cost estimating with subjective correlations.” Journal of

Construction Engineering and Management 119 (1) 58-71. 1993

Trail-Sail Association. Slipway Design. Retrieved on 3 March 2013 from

http://www.scribd.com/doc/147174899/Good-Slipway-Design. (3 March 2013)

Tsai, C.L. Cai. Z. Wu, X. The Examination of Residual Plots. University of California,

Southwest Missouri State University and Nankai University. 1997

Yaman. A Building Cost Estimation Model Based on Functional Elements. Istanbul

Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Turkey. 2007

Yung, P. Construction Cost Studies Using a Multivariate Regression Method.

Nottingham Trent University. 2010

Zayed, T.M. Halpin, D.W. Productivity and Cost Regression Models for Pile

Construction. Journal of construction engineering and management 131.7 :

779-789. 2005

123

APPENDICES

124

Technical data for Geliga Slipway 1

DESCRIPTION ITEM UNIT VALUE

Limitation Factor

Vessel Length (Max) m 32

Breadth (Max) m 10

Deadweight tonnes 400

Vessel Draft (Max) m 2.6

Slipway

Parameter

Length of Slipway m 65

Breadth of Slipway m 15

Maximum Capacity tonnes 500

Angle of Slipway degree 2

Cradle Parameter Length of Cradle m 34

Breadth of Cradle m 16



Limitation Factor


Breadth (Max) m 13



Slipway

Parameter







125



Limitation Factor


Breadth (Max) m 15



Slipway

Parameter

Length of Slipway m 103.5






Technical data for Muhibbah Engineering


Limitation Factor


Breadth (Max) m 16



Slipway

Parameter


Breadth of Slipway m 21.33


Angle of Slipway degree 2.5



126

Technical data for Sapor Engineering


Limitation Factor


Breadth (Max) m 20



Slipway

Parameter







Technical data for University Kuala Lumpur


Limitation Factor


Breadth (Max) m 8



Slipway

Parameter





Cradle Parameter Length of Cradle m 34.5


127

Technical data for Sarawak Slipway


Limitation Factor


Breadth (Max) m 16



Slipway

Parameter







Technical data for Prospect Dockyard


Limitation Factor


Breadth (Max) m 8



Slipway

Parameter







128

Technical data for Tok Bali Dockyard


Limitation Factor


Breadth (Max) m 15



Slipway

Parameter







129

Total and breakdown cost for slipway construction

No SHIPYARD

COST ELEMENT

Engineering

(RM)

Earthwork

(RM)

Cradle

(RM)

Rail Track

(RM)

Winch

(RM)

Assembly

(RM)

Comm.

(RM)

Total

(RM)

1 Geliga Slipway 1 (1983) 159,950 54,840 319,900 434,150 388,450 100,540 82,260 1,540,090

2 Geliga Slipway 2 (1983) 191,940 68,550 457,000 502,700 411,300 127,960 114,250 1,873,700

3 Geliga Slipway 3 (1983) 228,500 82,260 491,275 731,200 479,850 159,950 123,390 2,296,425

4 Muhibbah Engineering (1990) 389,350 149,750 658,900 1,141,502 658,900 269,550 197,670 3,465,622

5 Sapor Engineering (1990) 778,940 492,597 838,600 2,836,974 898,847 572,385 521,430 6,939,773

6 University Kuala Lumpur (2002) 231,000 660,000 495,000 742,500 495,000 165,000 123,750 2,912,250

7 Sarawak Slipway (1985) 394,400 147,900 594,065 690,200 640,900 320,450 290,870 3,078,785

8 Prospect Dockyard (1990) 167,720 71,880 359,400 419,300 299,500 119,800 89,850 1,527,450

9 Tok Bali Dockyard (2000) 316,000 94,800 711,000 790,000 711,000 237,000 181,700 3,041,500

TECHNICAL AND COST MODEL FOR SLIPWAY...

Documents

Transcript of TECHNICAL AND COST MODEL FOR SLIPWAY...