Technical analysis of cogeneration...
Transcript of Technical analysis of cogeneration...
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
The EC-ASEAN Business Facilitator1
Arul Joe MathiasBiomass and CDM Advisor
Technical analysis of cogeneration projects
Technical analysis of cogeneration projects
2004 Cogeneration Week in Vietnam6 - 9 April 2004
Rex Hotel, Ho Chi Minh City
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
The EC-ASEAN Business Facilitator2
ContentsContents• What is Cogeneration?
• Available Cogeneration Technologies
• Steps of Technical Analysis of Cogeneration Projects
• Assessment of Energy Demands (Power, Heat, Cooling)
• Assessment of the Available Fuels
• Selection of Suitable Cogeneration Technologies
• Identification of the Alternative Cogeneration Systems
• Sizing of Cogeneration Systems
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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What is cogeneration?What is cogeneration?
• Cogeneration is the sequential generation of twodifferent forms of useful energy from a single plant
• The sequences of generation can be any combination of two different forms of useful energy (electricity & heat, mechanical energy & heat, electricity & cooling, etc.)
• Trigeneration (electricity, heat & cooling)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Heat Demand
Power Demand
Fuel
Fuel
Fuel
CO
GEN
ERATIO
N PLAN
T
Fuel
Export or Import Electricity
Boiler
Standby generator
Central power plant
Trans-mission
Trans-former
Export Heat/steam
FACILITY
What is cogeneration?What is cogeneration?
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Benefits of Cogeneration (for the end-users):
1. Saving 30-40% input fuel energy
2. Reducing facility’s energy bills
3. Increasing security of energy supply
4. Reducing environmental pollution
What is cogeneration?What is cogeneration?
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Driving Forces for CogenerationDriving Forces for CogenerationWhy is cogeneration considered & implemented?
• Electricity requirements: Availability, reliability, quality & cost
• Thermal energy requirements: Reliability, quality & cost
• Market deregulation: Electricity sale opportunities
• Incentives (IPP, SPP,CDM etc.)
• Solve waste problems
• Environmental requirements
• Environment-friendly image
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Proven, commercially available cogeneration technologies• Steam turbine (ST) cogeneration system• Gas turbine (GT) cogeneration system• Combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) cogeneration system• Internal Combustion Engine cogeneration system• Steam Engine cogeneration system
Other “less” commercially available cogeneration technologies:• Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)• Micro-turbines• Fuel cells• Stirling Engines
Available cogeneration technologiesAvailable cogeneration technologies
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Schematic diagrams of steam turbine cogeneration systems
Available cogeneration technologiesAvailable cogeneration technologies
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Schematic diagram of gas turbine cogeneration system
Available cogeneration technologiesAvailable cogeneration technologies
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Schematic diagram of internal combustion engine cogeneration system
Available cogeneration technologiesAvailable cogeneration technologies
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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The tasks of Technical analysis of cogeneration projects:
• To select the suitable technologies for your proposed cogeneration plant
• To identify the possible alternatives of energy supply systems with cogeneration plant
• To determine the sizes of the selected cogeneration plants, i.e.the main technical input data needed for further financial analysis of cogeneration project
Steps of Technical AnalysisSteps of Technical Analysis
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Assess the available fuels
Load duration curves, Power-to-Heat ration, etc.
List of fuels with their priorities
Selection of cogeneration technologies
Identify the alternative energy supply with cogeneration plants
Identifed alternative energy supply configurations with
cogeneration plants
Grid independent system?
Determine the sizes of all identifed cogen
alternatives
All alternative cogen systems with sizes (pass to financial
analysia)
Determine the sizes of power-match cogen
system
Power-match cogen system with sizes (pass to financial
analysis)
NY
Assess energy demands
Steps of Technial AnalysisSteps of Technial Analysis
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Assessment of energy demands (1)Assessment of energy demands (1)
Energy Demands: how much? and when?
What should be defined?• Electricity demand• Thermal energy/steam demand• Cooling demand
How to define the energy requirements?• Energy audit done by consultant• Own mapping and prediction
Should be considered:• Possible savings, process changes, process integration etc.• Future energy requirements
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Electricity Demand
-500
1,0001,5002,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
Month
Electricity consumption (MWh)(Annual consumption = 20,225 MWh)
0123456
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
Month
Peak capacity demand (MWe)
Assessment of energy demands (2)Assessment of energy demands (2)
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Assessment of energy demands (3)Assessment of energy demands (3)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Assessment of available fuels Assessment of available fuels
The assessment is mainly based on:
• Long term availability of fuel
• Adherence to the local environmental regulation
• Fuel price and its expected escalation
The result of fuel assessment is a list of the available fuels and their relative priorities
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Selection of cogeneration technologies Selection of cogeneration technologies
Source: The Future of CHP in the European Market – The European Cogeneration Study, SAVE/Future COGEN, May 2001
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Alternatives of energy supplywith cogeneration plant (1)
Alternatives of energy supplywith cogeneration plant (1)
Supplementary electricity
BoilerFuel suppl.thermal energy
Suppl. thermalenergy
Cogenplant
Fuelcogeneration
Thermalenergy
ElectricityFacility useelectricity& thermal
energy
ExportElectricity
Exportthermalenergy
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Baselines:Current energy supply: Existing boiler with low efficiency and electricity from gridOther baseline alternative: New boiler with high efficiency and electricity from grid
Cogeneration alternatives:Alternative 1: Cogeneration covering host facility energy useAlternative 2: Cogeneration covering partially host facility’s energy use and supplementary energy supplyAlternative 3: Cogeneration covering host facility energy use and export
Systematic approach needed to find optimal solution!
Alternatives of energy supplywith cogeneration plant (2)
Alternatives of energy supplywith cogeneration plant (2)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Example (1)Example (1)
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Supplementary electricity
BoilerFuel suppl.thermal energy
Suppl. thermalenergy
Cogenplant 2
Fuelcogeneration
Thermalenergy
Electricity
Facility useelectricity &
thermalenergy
ExportElectricity
Exportthermalenergy
Cogenplant 1
Fuelcogeneration
Thermalenergy
Electricity
Example (2)Example (2)
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Sizing of cogeneration systems (1)Sizing of cogeneration systems (1)
• Energy flows analysis
• Determination of the capacities of key equipment (steam boiler, turbines, engines, generator,…) of the cogeneration system
• Calculation of the fuel amount needed for cogeneration system
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Sizing of cogeneration systems (2)Sizing of cogeneration systems (2)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Sizing of cogeneration systems (3)Sizing of cogeneration systems (3)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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How to calculate the energy flows:
ValueHeating FuelFuel inEnergy AmountFuel
Efficiency BoilerFeedwaterinEnergy -OutputEnergy Thermal Fuel inEnergy
=
=
Sizing of cogeneration systems (4)Sizing of cogeneration systems (4)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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1-23011.4Wood Residues10-607.2-17.3Palm oil residues
3-4507.8Bagasse201213.2Rice husk
20.0-26.0 MJ/m3Biogas46.5-53.5 MJ/m3Natural gas
-Up to 70< 7.0Peat6-830 up14.6-19.3Lignite
3.5-515-3019.3-26.7Sub-bituminous6-83-524.4-36.1Bituminous7-9334.9Coal Anthracite
Mineral content (%)
Moisture content (%)
LHV (MJ/kg)Fuel type
Source: COGEN 3 Cogeneration Project Development Guide - 2002
Sizing of cogeneration systems (5)Sizing of cogeneration systems (5)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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65 – 8580 – 85 (*)76 – 85 (*)80 – 90 (*)73 – 80 (*)
Grate Boiler, Fluidized BedBiomassPalm oil wastes
Rice huskSugar bagasse
Wood wastes
85 – 90+
85 (*)Gas
Biogas
75 – 90Grate Boiler, Pulverized, Fluidized Bed
Coal
Typical Boiler efficiency (%)
Boiler typeFuel type
(*) – Suppliers’ data from Full Scale Demonstration Projects applicationsHigher Steam Parameters (Steam pressure, temperature) Lower boiler efficiency
Higher steam capacity Higher boiler efficiency
Sizing of cogeneration systems (6)Sizing of cogeneration systems (6)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Sizing of cogeneration systems (7)Sizing of cogeneration systems (7)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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Sizing of cogeneration systems (8)Sizing of cogeneration systems (8)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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How to calculate the energy flows:
Efficiency Overall Efficiency Thermal EfficiencyElectric
ValueHeating FuelFuel inEnergy AmountFuel
Efficiency Thermal CogenOutputEnergy Thermal
EfficiencyElectric CogenOutputEnergy Electric Fuel inEnergy
=+
=
==
Sizing of cogeneration systems (9)Sizing of cogeneration systems (9)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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0.55 – 0.7550-80%25-3025-250 kWeMicro turbine
0.10 – 0.4570-80%5-2520 kWe-2 MWeSteam engine
0.50 – 1.8065-85%25-451 kWe-15 MWeInternalCombust Engine
0.75 – 1.7075-90%35-5010-300 MWeCombined cycle
0.45 – 0.7565-90%25-400.5-300 MWeGas turbine
0.15 – 0.75< 80%10-450.4-300 MWeSteam turbine
TypicalPower to
Heat Ratio(PHR)
TypicalOverall
Efficiency(%)
CogenElectricalEfficiency
(%)
RangeSystem
Source: COGEN 3 Technical Report – Available Cogeneration Technologies in Europe – Part I
Sizing of cogeneration systems (10)Sizing of cogeneration systems (10)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
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T
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIProven, Clean & Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
The EC-ASEAN Business Facilitator33
Thank You !
For more information, please visit COGEN 3 Website at:
http://www.cogen3.net