Team Members - APSDPSapsdps.gov.in/drought/1fn_August 13_Drought_Report.pdf · 2013-09-16 · 16...

Team Members

APSRAC

Dr. S.V.B. Krishna Bhagavan Director Technical

Mr. K.V.V. Ramesh Project Manager

Dr. Yogesh Ashok Garde

Scientist 'SC'

Dr. M. Kavitha

Scientist 'SC'

Mr. A. Kamalakar Reddy

Team Leader

Mr. N. Narender

Senior Resource Analyst

Mr. Pavan Vijjapu

Resource Analyst (GIS & Ground Truthing)

P. Sai Bharadwaj


Arun Singha Deb


M. Laxmi Prasad Rao Resource Analyst (GIS & Ground Truthing)

APSDPS

Mr. A. Ramkrishna Nagaraju

Assistant Executive Engineer

Mr. B. Shiva Kumar

Young Professional

APSRAC :: Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System

I

Sl. No. Content Page. No.

1 Background and Rationale 1

2 Methodology and Indicators 4

3 Present status up to First fortnight of August 2013 8

3.1 Rainfall and other weather data 8

3.2 Reservoir Water Levels 13

3.3 Crop Sowing Progress 14

3.4 Vegetation Index 15

3.5 Surface Wetness Indicators 18

3.6 Vegetation Condition Index: 21

3.7 Drought situation of Mandals: 22

4 Conclusions 26

References 29


II

List of Figures

Fig. No. Description Page. No.

1 Location of AWS 2

2 River Gauge station 2

3 Flow chart of drought assessment methodology 7

4 Cumulative Actual Rainfall 9

5 Cumulative Normal Rainfall 9

6 Spatial Distribution of Deviation of Actual & Normal Rainfall 10

7 Deviation of Actual & Normal Rainfall up to first week of August 11

8 Deviation of Actual & Normal Rainfall of second week of August 11

9 Deviation of Actual & Normal Rainfall of first fortnight of August 12

10 District wise crop area sowing % deviation 14

11 District wise crop sown area in % deviation graph 14

12 MODIS (250m) NDVI : First fortnight of August 2013 15

13 MODIS (250m) NDVI, Comparison fortnightly with the year 2010 16

14 MODIS (250m) NDVI deviation for first fortnight of August w.r.t. 2010 17

15 MODIS (250m) NDWI : First fortnight of August 2013 18

16 MODIS (250m) NDWI, Comparison fortnightly with the year 19

17 MODIS (250m) NDWI deviation for first fortnight of August w.r.t. 2010 20

18 Vegetation Condition Index, first fortnight of August 2013 21

19 Mandal wise Drought Assessment based on ISMS Criterion 22

20 Drought Assessment based on GoAP Criterion of Rainfall deficient 23

21

Drought Assessment based on GoAP Criterion of Rainfall deficiency and

Dry spell

23

List of Tables

Table No. Description Page. No.

1 Classification of Agricultural situation 3

2 Data source and indicators 4

3 Rainfall status as on 15th of August 2013 8

4 Water levels in major reservoirs 14

5 Mandals under Watch and Alert categories based on ISMS criteria

not included in GoAP criteria

24

6 GoAP criteria base Mandals not included in ISMS assessment 25

7 Mandals under Watch and Alert categories based on ISMS criteria 27

List of Annexure

Sl.No. Description Page. No.

I Technical Advisory committee & Dissemination of report 30

II Dissemination of the report 31


III

391 Mandals in state received excess rainfall and normal in

429 Mandals.

The deficient rainfall was received in 281 Mandals and scanty

in 27 Mandals.

Seasonal condition is categorised as “Normal” in 985

Mandals.

Seasonal condition is categorised as “Watch” in 69 Mandals.

Seasonal condition is categorised as “Alert” in 58 Mandals.

Overall seasonal condition improved from last month of July

2013.

In Anantapur and Chittoor districts, the seasonal condition is

not changed as compared to month of July 2013.

In Visakhapatnam, Prakasam, Nellore and Mahabubnagar

districts, the seasonal condition is improved as compared to

month of July 2013.

ANDHRA PRADESH DROUGHT MONITORING SYSTEM

August First fortnight 2013 Report

HIGHLIGHTS


1

1. Background and Rationale

Drought is a complex natural hazard. It is defined as any deficiency of water to satisfy the normal

need to agriculture, livestock, industry, or human population. Drought Assessment and monitoring is

essential for the agricultural sector to take appropriate mitigation measures. Drought indices derived

from satellite data play a major role in assessing the health and condition of the crops/vegetation.

National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS) project of National

Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), ISRO established a remote sensing based drought assessment

protocol utilizing the NDVI and NDWI. The Government of India has established Mahalanobis

National Crop Forecast Centre (MNCFC) under Department of Agriculture & Cooperation at New

Delhi for carrying out drought assessment at national level. MNCFC carries out the Mandal level

drought assessment for Andhra Pradesh.

The Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Government of India published a drought manual in

2009 which suggested parameters like Rainfall deficiency, Area under sowing, NDVI, Moisture

Adequacy Index (MAI) and some other indictors to declare drought. The Government of Andhra

Pradesh (GoAP) uses the following criterion for declaration of Drought.

1. Mandatory Condition - Rainfall deficiency of 25% (>1000 mm rainfall area) and 20% (999

to 750 mm rainfall area) and 15% (<750 mm rainfall area)

2. Minimum of two condition to be fulfilled out of following three

a) Reduction in cropped areas of 50% and above under all principal crops.

b) Reduction in yields(50% and above),in case of high input oriented crops ground nut,

Bengal gram, hybrid sunflower yields may 40% reduction or above.

c) Dry spells and its impact on crop damages.

In Andhra Pradesh, an extensive weather observation network of 2000 Automatic Weather Stations

(AWS), 100 soil moisture meters, 150 global radiation meters is established. River gauges are also

established at the outlet of each of the 81 sub-basins in Andhra Pradesh to monitor the outflow and

inflow in each sub-basin. Andhra Pradesh State Development Planning Society (APSDPS) monitor

the data and maintains the networks. Fig.1. and Fig.2. showing the location of AWS and river gauge

stations in Andhra Pradesh.


2

Fig. 1 Location of AWS

Fig. 2 River Gauge station

Total no. of AWS 2000

Government of Andhra Pradesh Location of AWS of APSDPS

Location of AWS AP District

Source: APSDPS Prepared : APSRAC Dept. of Planning


3

Andhra Pradesh State Development Planning Society (APSDPS) and CRIDA have developed

software that assists in monitoring the all three agricultural, meteorological and hydrological

drought situation. Andhra Pradesh State Remote Sensing Applications Centre (APSRAC) has

established a protocol Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (ISMS). The objectives

of the ISMS are

Concurrent monitoring of seasonal conditions using remote sensing, extensive weather

network data and continuous ground truth.

Develop an early warning (monitoring and forecasting) of drought using suite of indicators,

which will help to increase drought preparedness, and identify and implement appropriate

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures.

Early Warning to the Districts/Mandals.

ISMS uses the weather data provided by the above mentioned extensive observation network and

software, weekly progress of crop area sowings, ground water level and its fluctuation, command

and non-command area, water releases data, reservoir levels in addition to the Normalized

Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) based

methodology of MNCFC. This output is verified through ground truth, additionally in context of the

state specific drought declaration criteria. The analysis is to be placed before a Technical Advisory

Committee. The agricultural situation is classified in three to four categories as per the NRSC i.e.

Normal, Watch, Alert for June to August and Normal, Mild, Moderate and Severe for September to

October. The details of the classification of agricultural situation are given in Table.1.

Table. 1. Classification of Agricultural situation

June - August

Normal Agricultural situation is normal

Watch

Progress of Agricultural situation is slow

Ample scope for recovery

No external intervention needed

Alert

Very slow progress of agricultural situation

Need for intervention.

Develop and implement contingency plans to

minimise loss

September -

October

Mild

drought Crops have suffered stress slightly

Moderate

drought

Considerable loss in production.

Take measures to alleviate suffering

Severe

High risk Significant reduction in crop yield

Management measures to provide relief


4

2. Methodology and Indicators

In Andhra Pradesh, South-West and North-East Monsoons are the two important periodic winds,

which are the important sources of rain. South-West Monsoon (66%) is spread over the period

from June to September and North-East Monsoon (24%) from October to December. The rest

10% is received during the winter and summer months. The normal annual rainfall of the state is

940 mm. The normal rainfall distribution in the three regions of the State differs with the season

and Monsoon. The influence of South-West Monsoon is predominant in Telangana region (716

mm) followed by Coastal Andhra area (620 mm) and Rayalaseema (407 mm), whereas the

North-East Monsoon provides high amount of rainfall in Coastal Andhra area (324 mm)

followed by Rayalaseema (238 mm) and Telangana (129 mm). There are no significant

differences in Normal distribution of rainfall during winter and hot weather periods among three

regions. The occurrence of drought in state is related to the failure of rains mainly from the

South West Monsoon. The failure of monsoon has a disastrous affect on the agriculture sector

and a large share of the population dependant on agriculture for livelihood.

2.1. Data used

The details of data used under project is discussed in Table-2

Table. 2. Data source and indicators

Data source Product Indicators

MODIS (250/500m) Surface reflectance NDVI & NDWI

AWiFS Surface reflectance NDVI & NDWI

AWS/ DES

Daily rainfall & soil moisture

Crop sown area

Crop cutting experiments

Rainfall deviation

Dry spells

Soil moisture status

% deviation of crop sown

area

Crop Yield

Agriculture

Department Weekly sowing progress

District wise sown areas

deviation from normal

Irrigation Department Reservoir levels/ Water release

data

Command area Mandals

under canal irrigation

2.2. Indicators and Index

2.2.1. Rainfall and other weather data

All 2000 AWS measures weather parameters viz., rainfall, temperature, wind speed,

wind direction and relative humidity in addition to barometric pressure (1200 locations),

soil moisture (100 locations) and global radiation (150 locations). AWS transmit the data

every hour to APSDPS data center using GSM technology. Additionally, there are 1128

manual rain gauge stations, at each Mandal head quarters maintained by Directorate of


5

Economics and Statistics (DES). This data is used for computation of meteorological

drought situations and the conditions of the GoAP criteria

2.2.2. Ground Water Level and Fluctuations

Groundwater has an important role in the environment. It replenishes streams, rivers, and

wetlands and helps to support wildlife habitat. It is used as primary source of drinking

water and also in agricultural and industrial activities.

2.2.3. Reservoir Water Levels

A scheme having Culturable Command Area (CCA) up to 2,000 hectares individually is

classified as minor irrigation scheme. A scheme having CCA more than 2,000 hectares

and up to 10,000 hectares individually is a medium irrigation scheme. A scheme having

CCA more than 10,000 hectares is major irrigation scheme.

2.2.4. Water Release - Major and Medium Project

In Andhra Pradesh, Water is released during Kharif season to major and medium

command areas. In State 21 major irrigation schemes and 60 Medium Irrigation Schemes

are running.

2.2.5. Crop Sowing Progress

Weekly crop sowing progress reports are taken from 'Season and Crop Coverage

Report- Kharif 2013' of Commissionerate of Agriculture, Andhra Pradesh. The report

includes current status of Weather condition, Water level, Crop sowing and Agricultural

Operations.

2.2.6. Crop Cutting Experiments

Crop cutting experiments are conducted at the end of Kharif Season, in order to obtain

fair, precise and accurate estimate of yield of principal crops which include Rice,

Groundnut, Sugarcane, Cotton etc.

2.2.7. Vegetation Index

The crop/vegetation reflects high energy in the near infrared band due its canopy

geometry and health of the standing crops/vegetation and absorbs high in the red band

due to its biomass and photosynthesis. Uses of these contrast characteristics of vegetation

in near infrared and red bands indicate both the health and condition of the

crops/vegetation. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is widely used for

operational drought assessment because of its simplicity in calculation, easy to interpret

and its ability to partially compensate for the effects of atmosphere, illumination

geometry etc., (Malingreau 1986, Tucker and Chowdhary 1987, Jhonson, et al., 1993,

Kogan 1995).

NDVI is derived by the difference of these measurements and divided by their sum.

(NIR-Red /NIR + Red) The vegetation index is generated from each of the available


6

satellite data irrespective of the cloud cover present. To minimize the cloud, monthly

time composite vegetation index is generated.

2.2.8. Surface Wetness Indicators

Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) band is sensitive to moisture available in soil as well as in

crop canopy. In the beginning of the cropping season, soil back ground is dominant

hence SWIR is sensitive to soil moisture in the top 1-2 cm. As the crop progresses,

SWIR becomes sensitive to leaf moisture content. SWIR band provides only surface

wetness information. When the crop is grown-up, SWIR response is only from canopy

and not from the underlying soil. NDWI using SWIR can complement NDVI for drought

assessment particularly in the beginning of the cropping season. NDWI is derived as

under;

NDWI = (NIR-SWIR) / (NIR+SWIR)

Where, Near Infra Red and SWIR are the reflected energy in these two spectral bands.

Higher values of NDWI signify more surface wetness.

2.2.9. Vegetation Condition Index

Kogan (1995) developed Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) using the range of NDVI as

under,

VCI = (NDVI-NDVI min) / (NDVI max-NDVI min)*100

The current drought assessment expressed as percentage of deviation of NDVI and

NDWI based on 10 year NDVI and NDWI index values. The minimum and maximum

value of NDVI and NDWI, the VCI discriminated between the weather components.

2.3 Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System

The methodology used by APSRAC onwards to assess and monitor the agricultural conditions

and situation in the state at district and Mandal level uses IRS Resourcesat-2 AWiFS data. The

Indian Remote Sensing satellite (IRS) Resourcesat-2 having AWiFS (Advanced Wide Imaging

Field Sensor) payload collects data in two spectral bands 0.62-0.68µm (red) and 0.77-0.86 µm

(near infrared) with spatial resolution of 56 m and ground swath of 740 Km with a revisit period

of 5 days. Along with this MODIS 250/500m satellite data provide spectra, radiometric and

spatial resolutions products for better monitoring of the agriculture. The combination of AWiFS

and MODIS is useful to increase the frequency of images

The different activities carried out through ISMS commence with acquisition of MODIS (250m)

and AWiFS (56m) satellite data. The satellite data being processed and NDVI and NDWI

indices are developed. Based on these indices deviation with respect to normal year (2010), VCI

calculation and Mandalwise Statistics are derived. The agricultural situation is assessed

incorporating Rainfall deviation, Command and non command areas, dry spell, CRIDA software


7

outputs, Drought prone border line areas, Crop sown area progress and ground truth along with

Satellite derived indices. The flow chart of methodology is shown in Fig. 3

Fig: 3 Flow chart of drought assessment methodology


8

3. Present status up to First fortnight of August 2013

3.1. Rainfall and other weather data

The status of rainfall as on 15th August 2013 is shown in Table 3. By the end first fortnight of

August 391 Mandals in the State received excess rainfall (+20% or more) and normal (+19% to-

19%) in 429 Mandals. Deficient rainfall (-20% to -59%) is received in 281 Mandals and scanty

rainfall in 27 Mandals (-60% to-90%). All Districts of State received rainfall up to First

fortnight of August 2013.

Table. 3. Rainfall status as on 15th

August 2013

Sl.

no District name

No. of

Mandals No. of Mandals

No

Rain

-100%

Scanty Deficient Normal Excess

1 Srikakulam 38 -- -- 12 18 8

2 Vizianagaram 34 -- 2 8 13 11

3 Visakhapatnam 43 -- 6 27 7 3

4 East godavari 60 -- 1 34 23 2

5 West godavari 46 -- 2 21 21 2

6 Krishna 50 -- -- 1 26 23

7 Guntur 57 -- -- 5 23 29

8 Prakasam 56 -- -- 4 15 37

9 Nellore 46 -- -- 7 16 23

10 Chittoor 66 -- 1 33 27 5

11 Kadapa 51 -- -- 22 22 7

12 Anantapur 63 -- 14 36 11 2

13 Kurnool 54 -- -- 15 31 8

14 Mahabubnagar 64 -- -- 21 29 14

15 Ranga Reddy 37 -- -- 6 20 11

16 Hyderabad 16 -- -- -- 5 11

17 Medak 46 -- -- 2 21 23

18 Nizamabad 36 -- -- -- 6 30

19 Adilabad 52 -- -- -- 3 49

20 Karimnagar 57 -- -- -- 12 45

21 Warangal 51 -- -- 5 19 27

22 Khammam 46 -- -- 5 35 6

23 Nalgonda 59 -- 1 17 26 15

State total 1128 -- 27 281 429 391 Source: DES

Anantapur, Chittoor, Kadapa, East Godavari, and Visakhapatnam Districts of State received low

rainfall in many Mandals while Adilabad, Medak, Warangal, Karimnagar, Krishna, Guntur,

Prakasam, Nellore, Hyderabad and Nizamabad Districts of State received high rainfall. Rest of

Districts received well distributed rainfall in State.

http://10.166.20.5/webapps/RAIN/mwsrpt.asp?mdist=01
























9

The Cumulative Actual, Normal and % deviation of Actual & Normal rainfall received up to 15th August 2013 are shown in Figures from Fig. 4 to Fig. 9.

Fig. 4. Cumulative Actual Rainfall Fig. 5. Cumulative Normal Rainfall


10

Fig. 6. Spatial Distribution of Deviation of Actual & Normal Rainfall


11

Fig.7. Deviation of Actual & Normal Rainfall of First week of August Fig. 8. Deviation of Actual & Normal Rainfall of Second week of August


12

Fig. 9. Deviation of Actual & Normal Rainfall up to August


13

3.2. Reservoir Water Levels

All the major reservoirs are holding 1147.37 TMC (82.6%) as on 15-08-2013, at same time last

year level had stood at 641.20 TMC. The water levels in all major reservoirs as on 15-08-2013

are furnished hereunder in Table 4.

Table. 4. Water levels in major reservoirs

PARTICULARS OF MAJOR RESERVOIRS AS ON 15/Aug/2013

Sl

No Reservoir Name Time

FRL Gross

Capacity THIS YEAR LAST YEAR

(feet) (TMC) Level

Gross

Storag

e

Inflow Outflow Level Gross

Storage

(in feet) (TMC) (Cusecs) (Cusecs) (in feet) (TMC)

Krishna Basin

1 Almatti 09:54 1705 129.721 1704.72 128.2 33969 33969 1703.15 119.65

2 Jurala 09:55 1045 11.941 1043.96 11.21 14385 9162 1044.29 11.44

3 Kc canal 00:00 957.99 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Krishna delta system 09:57 57.05 3.071 57.05 3.071 13988 13988 56.85 3.03

5 Nagarjuna sagar 09:57 590 312.045 589.1 309.36 31136 34594 510.2 132.01

6 Narayanapur 09:54 1615 37.646 1614.99 37.64 34592 26178 1613.52 35.9

7 Srisailam 09:56 885 215.807 883.8 208.72 24888 42693 818.2 65.07

8 Tungabhadra 09:55 1633 100.855 1633 100.86 29155 29155 1629.26 87.11

9 Ujjaini 10:03 1630 117.24 1629.76 116.32 16197 5346 1608.9 59.34

Godavari Basin

10 Godavari delta system 09:59 45 2.93 43.4 2.6589 455826 455826 45.91 2.93

11 Jaikwad 09:58 1522 102.732 1502.12 40.32 7285 247 1494.28 25.82

12 Kaddam 10:02 700 7.6 698.25 7.151 6000 5854 697.4 6.94

13 Lower manair dam 10:02 920 24.074 919.65 23.73 3693 3196 886.75 4.89

14 Nizam sagar 09:58 1405 17.803 1399.75 11.1 1258 184 1385.32 2.46

15 Singur 09:57 1717.93 29.91 1708.07 16.89 7887 325 1701.07 10.52

16 Sri ram sagar 09:59 1091 90.313 1090.9 89.76 62138 55769 1058.5 12.02

Pennar Basin

17 Kandaleru 10:00 278.89 68.03 215.27 10.36 0 837 240.04 24.56

18 Somasila 10:00 330 73.898 270.28 7.71 1470 348 297.94 27.39

19 Veligodu balancing reservoir 10:03 868.5 16.95 850.72 8.97 10000 3100 826.61 2.27

Other Basins

20 Vamshadhara 10:01 125 0.612 125 0.612 11230 11230 125 0.612

21 Yeleru 10:01 284 24.1 260.37 12.73 945 1320 242.1 7.24

SOURCE: Irrigation Department, A.P. Hyderabad

*Reading as on 15.08.2013


14

3.3. Crop Sowing Progress

For the week end of 14th

August 2013 Kadapa district is showing less than - 50% total sown

area crop sown area while Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Vishakhapatnam, and Nellore districts

are showing less than - 25% total sown area. The total area sown in the state is 6089052 ha as

against the normal area to be sown is 6215343 ha. The details of district wise deviation of area

sown against the normal are shown in Fig. 10 and the deviation graph is shown in Fig.11.

Fig.10. District wise crop area sowing % deviation

Fig.11. District wise crop sown area in % deviation map


15

3.4. Vegetation Index

The monthly vegetation index map for the State with District and Mandal boundaries are

overlaid and given specific colours for the vegetation index ranges. The various colours in the

NDVI map, yellow through green to violet indicate increasing green leaf area and biomass of

the different vegetation types. The agricultural situation improved well from July to first

fortnight of August. The Mandalwise NDVI, NDVI situation from the year 2010 to 2013 and

deviation of NDVI w.r.t. 2010 are shown in the Figures 12, 13 and 14 respectively.

The year 2010 is treated as a normal year. The NDVI deviations with respect to first fortnight

of August 2010 indicate that Guntur, Prakasam, Anantapur, and Chittoor districts comes under

stress condition while Nalgonda, and Mahabubnagar showing moderate deviation. As per

rainfall distribution the progress of agricultural situation may improve in further months.

Fig.12. MODIS (250m) NDVI: First fortnight of August 2013


16

Fig.13. MODIS (250m) NDVI, Comparison fortnightly with the year 2010


17

Fig.14. MODIS (250m) NDVI deviation for first fortnight of August w.r.t. 2010


18

3.5. Surface Wetness Indicators

The map indicates status of moisture availability in soil as well as in crop canopy for first

fortnight of August 2013. The cloud cover in image is seen in gray (50%) colour. The moisture

status at end of first fortnight shows that it has increased from month of July. The Mandalwise

NDWI of August 2013, NDWI situation from the year 2010 to 2013 and deviation of NDWI

w.r.t. 2010 are shown in the Figures 15, 16 and 17 respectively.

The year 2010 is treated as a normal year. The NDWI deviations with respect to 2010 indicate

that Prakasam, Krishna, Guntur, Chittoor, Nalgonda, and Kurnool districts showing more

deviation.

Fig.15. MODIS (250m) NDWI: First fortnight of August 2013


19

Fig.16. MODIS (250m) NDWI, Comparison fortnightly with the year


20

Fig.17. MODIS (250m) NDWI deviation for first fortnight of August w.r.t. 2010


21

3.6. Vegetation Condition Index:

VCI map expressed as percentage of deviation of NDVI and NDWI based on 10 year NDVI

and NDWI index values using Kogan equation is shown in Fig 18. VCI indicated agricultural

situation over last ten years data. Excluding some mandals entire district of Anantapur shows

low VCI. Low VCI is observed in parts of Kadapa, Nizamabad, Chittoor and Adilabad districts.

Based on VCI 1005 Mandals of state are categorised under Normal, 78 Mandals of state

categorised under Watch and 29 Mandals categorised under Alert. VCI may vary due to cloud

cover and situation may clear in next month.

Fig.18. Vegetation Condition Index, First fortnight of August 2013


22

3.7. Drought situation of Mandals

3.7.1. Composite Criteria

The drought situation in the state is assessed using different indicators viz. Vegetation Condition

Index (VCI), Rainfall deviation, Dry spell and command & non command areas of Mandals.

Compositing all indicators, Mandals were categorised into Normal, Watch and Alert. Mandal-

wise analysis by the end of first fortnight of August indicated “Normal” agricultural situation in

985 Mandals. The agricultural situation is categorized as “Watch” and "Alert" in 69 and 58

Mandals respectively. The Mandals under Watch and Alert categories are given in the Table-7

and their spatial distribution is shown in Fig. 19.

Fig.19. Mandal wise Drought Assessment based on ISMS Criterion


23

3.7.2. GoAP Criteria

The total 226 Mandals are under watch based on the GoAP criteria of rainfall deficiency and

based on rainfall deficiency & Dry spell, 83 Mandals are under watch condition. The

distribution of the Mandals under watch category is shown in Fig. 20 and 21 respectively.

Fig.20. Drought Assessment based on GoAP Criterion of Rainfall deficient

Fig.21. Drought Assessment based on GoAP Criterion

of Rainfall deficiency and Dry spell


24

3.7.3 Comparison of Watch & Alert categories Mandals based on GoAP criteria and ISMS

assessment

The total number of mandals that comes under Watch and Alert category based on ISMS criteria are

discussed in Table 7. ISMS declared 69 and 58 Mandals under Watch and Alert category

respectively. GoAP declared 103 Mandals under Watch category, out of these 102 Mandals comes

under both ISMS and GoAP criteria. In the Table 5 remarks indicated for those Mandals which are

not common in GoAP criteria. The one Mandals of the GoAP criteria which are not included in

ISMS Watch or Alert category are given in Table 6.

Table 5 Comparison of Watch & Alert categories Mandals based on GoAP and ISMS criteria,

not included in GoAP criteria

District Mandal name Remark by ISMS

Anantapur Gorantla VCI under watch category, Rainfall Deviation is Scanty Non

command

Gudibanda Non command Dry spell

Nambulipulikunta Non command Dry spell

Raptadu VCI under Alert category, Non command Dry spell

Settur VCI under Watch category, Non command Dry spell

Chittoor Chinnagottigallu Non command Dry spell

Gangadharanellore Non command Dry spell

Nagari Non command Dry spell

Narayanavanam Rainfall Deviation is Deficient Non command Dry spell

Pileru Non command Dry spell

Pulicherla Non command Dry spell

Puttur Rainfall Deviation is Deficient Non command Dry spell

Tirupati (urban) Non command Dry spell

Vadamalapeta Non command Dry spell

Yadamarri Non command Dry spell

Kadapa Muddanur Non command Dry spell

Vontimitta Non command Dry spell

Mahbubnagar Maddur1 Non command Dry spell

Nellore Balayapalle Non command Dry spell

Vinjamur Non command Dry spell

Prakasam Pedacherlo palle Non command Dry spell

Ponnaluru Non command Dry spell

Veligandla Non command Dry spell

Vishakapatnam Pendurthi Non command Dry spell

Visakhapatnam(u) VCI under Alert category, Rainfall Deviation is Deficient Non

command


25

Table 6 GoAP criteria base Mandals not included in Watch & Alert categories of ISMS

assessment

District Mandals Remark (by ISMS)

Mahbubnagar Ieej VCI under Normal category Rainfall Deviation is Normal Command


26

4. Conclusions

Highlights of seasonal conditions at the end of First fortnight of August 2013 are as follows:

The total 27 Mandals received scanty rainfall in the State. The scanty rainfall was recorded in

Anantapur (14), Chittoor (01), East Godavari (01), Nalgonda (01), Visakhapatanam (06),

Vizianagaram (02), and West Godavari (02).

The total 281 Mandals received Deficit rainfall in the State. The Deficit rainfall was recorded

in Anantapur (36), Chittoor (33), East Godavari (34), Guntur (05), Kadapa (22), Khammam

(05), Krishna (01), Kurnool (15), Mahbubnagar (21), Nalgonda (17), Nellore (07), Prakasam

(04), Rangareddy (06), Srikakulam (12), Visakhapatanam (27), Vizianagaram (08), Warangal

(05), West Godavari (21).

The total 429 Mandals received Normal rainfall in the State. The Normal rainfall was

recorded in Adilabad (03), Anantapur (11), Chittoor (27), East Godavari (23), Guntur (23),

Hyderabad (5), Kadapa (22), Karimnagar (12), Khammam (35), Krishna (26), Kurnool (31),

Mahbubnagar (29), Medak (21), Nalgonda (26), Nellore (16), Nizamabad (06), Prakasam

(15), RangaReddy (20), Srikakulam (18), Visakhapatanam (07), Vizianagaram (13), Warangal


The total 391 Mandals received Excess rainfall in the State. The Excess rainfall was recorded

in Adilabad (49), Anantapur (02), Chittoor (05), East Godavari (02), Guntur (29), Hyderabad

(11), Kadapa (07), Karimnagar (45), Khammam (06), Krishna (23), Kurnool (08),

Mahbubnagar (14), Medak (23), Nalgonda (15), Nellore (23), Nizamabad (30), Prakasam

(37), Rangareddy (11), Srikakulam (08), Visakhapatanam (03), Vizianagaram (11), Warangal


All districts of state received rainfall up to First fortnight of August 2013.

As per the criteria of the GoAP, 103 Mandals are below normal condition at the end of First

fortnight of August.

Based on VCI (NDVI & NDWI), 1005 Mandals of state categorised under Normal, 78

Mandals of state categorised under Watch and 29 Mandals categorised under Alert.

Mandal wise analysis by the end of first fortnight of August indicated “Normal” agricultural

situation in 985 Mandals. The agricultural situation is categorized as “Watch” and "Alert" in

69 and 58 Mandals respectively.

In Visakhapatnam, Prakasam, Nellore and Mahabubnagar districts, the seasonal condition is

improved as compared to month of July 2013.


27

Table7 Mandals under Watch and Alert categories based on ISMS criteria

District Name Watch Alert

Anantapur Total: 25

Agali, Anantapur,

Bommanahal, Bukkaraya samudram, Garladinne,

Gorantla, Gudibanda,

Hindupur, Kanaganapalle,

Kudair, Nambulipulikunta,

Narpala, Pamidi, Parigi, Peddapappur, Peddavadugur, Putlur, Ramagiri, Settur, Singanamala, Tanakal,

Uravakonda, Vajrakarur,

Vidapanakal, Yellanur

Total: 20

Amadagur, Amarapuram,

Atmakur, Beluguppa, Bukkapatnam, Chennekothapalle, Chilamathur,

Dharmavaram, Gandlapenta, Kadiri, Kothacheruvu, Lepakshi,

Mudigubba,

Nallamada, Obuladevaracheruvu, Penukonda, Puttaparthi, Raptadu,

Somandepalle, Talupula

Chittoor Total: 11

Chinnagottigallu, Gangadharanellore,

K.v.b.puram, Mulakalacheruvu, Nagari,

Pileru, Pulicherla, Renigunta, Tirupati (urban), Vadamalapeta,

Yadamarri,

Total: 21

B.kothakota, Baireddipalle, Chandragiri, Chowdepalle, Kalakada,

Kalikiri, Madanapalle, Narayanavanam,

Palasamudram, Pedda thippasamudram,

Punganur, Puttur, Ramachandrapuram, Ramakuppam, Ramasamudram, Rompicherla, Santhipuram,

Thamballapalle, Tirupati (rural), Vayalpad, Venkatagirikota

East Godavari Total: 3

I. Polavaram, Mandapeta, Tuni

Kadapa Total: 12

Duvvur, Galiveedu, Kondapuram, Muddanur, Nandalur, Peddamudium,

Penagalur, Pullampeta, Simhadripuram,

T sundupalle, Thondur, Vontimitta

Total: 05

Chitvel, Kodur, Pendlimarri, Rayachoti, Sambepalle

Kurnool Total: 2

Sanjamala, Sirvel Total: 1

Veldurthi

Mahbubnagar Total: 4

Maddur, Pangal, Uppununthala, Veepangandla Total: 2

Peddamandadi, Vangoor

Nalgonda Total: 1

Kangal Total: 3

Chintha palle, Marriguda, Nampalle

Nellore Total: 5

Balayapalle, Chejerla, Kaligiri, Varikuntapadu, Vinjamur Total: 3

Dakkili, Rapur, Venkatagiri


28

Prakasam Total: 3 Pedacherlo Palle, Ponnaluru, Veligandla

Vishakapatnam Total: 3 Nathavaram, Pendurthi, Visakhapatnam(u)

Total: 3 Golugonda, Paravada, Payakaraopeta


29

References

GoAP Drought Criterion, http://www.seri.ap.gov.in/gos/09012013DM_MS1.PDF

GoI Drought Manual,

http://drought.unl.edu/portals/0/docs/international/GovtIndiaDroughtManual.pdf

Kogan FN, 1995, Droughts of late 1980s in the USA as derived from NOAA polar orbiting satellite

data, Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 76: 655-668

Malingreau JP, 1986, Global vegetation dynamics: Satellite observations over Asia, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 7: 1121-1146

NCFC Drought reports for the year 2012,

http://www.ncfc.gov.in/NADAMS%20Reports/Jun2012/NADAMS_Jun12report_And.pdf

Season And Crop Coverage Report, Kharif - 2013, http://apagri.gov.in

Tucker CJ and Chowdhary BJ, 1987, Satellite remote sensing of drought conditions, Remote

Sensing of Environment, 23: 243-251

http://www.seri.ap.gov.in/gos/09012013DM_MS1.PDF

http://drought.unl.edu/portals/0/docs/international/GovtIndiaDroughtManual.pdf

http://www.ncfc.gov.in/NADAMS%20Reports/Jun2012/NADAMS_Jun12report_And.pdf

http://apagri/


30

ANNEXURE I

Technical Advisory Committee

State Government has been requested to constitute a Technical Advisory Committee on Drought,

with following members, to advise and review the fortnightly / monthly drought reports generated

by APSRAC / APSDPS.

1. The Director, India Meteorological Department, Hyderabad. Member

2. Representative of the Commissioner, Disaster Management Department, Hyderabad.

Member

3 Senior Scientist (Experience in drought monitoring), NRSC, Hyderabad,

Nominated by Director, NRSC

Member

4 A Senior Officer, Nominated by the Commissioner of Agriculture, Hyderabad.

Member

5. Senior Scientist (Experience in drought monitoring), CRIDA, Hyderabad,

Nominated by Director, CRIDA

Member

6. Director, Agro Climate Research Centre, Agriculture Research Institute,

ANGRAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.

Member

7. Regional Manager, Hyderabad from Agriculture Insurance Company of India

Limited

Member

8. Director, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Hyderabad Member

9. Director (Technical), APSDMS & APSRAC Member -

Convener

http://10.166.20.5/contactus/contact_us.htm#DES


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ANNEXURE II

DISSEMINATION OF THE REPORT

1. Chief Ministers office

2. PS to Hon’ble Minister for Revenue

3. PS to Hon’ble Minister for Agriculture

4. PS to Hon’ble Minister for Finance

5. Chief Secretary

6. Principal Secretary Planning

7. Principal Finance Secretary

8. Principal Secretary Agriculture

9. Commissioner Disaster Management

10. Commissioner Agriculture

11. Director DES

12. Director CRIDA

13. Vice Chancellor ANGRAU

14. Director NRSC

15. Director MNCFC

16. To all the District Collectors

17. APSRAC and APSDPS web site (http://apsrac.ap.gov.in/ and http://apsdps.gov.in/ )

http://apsrac.ap.gov.in/

http://apsdps.gov.in/


32

Weather Sensors

GSM Module

Data Reception, QC & Processing

Data logger

Disseminate to User Agencies

Data Flow of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS)

Team Members - APSDPSapsdps.gov.in/drought/1fn_August 13_Drought_Report.pdf · 2013-09-16 · 16...

Documents

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