THE PENTAGRAM MODEL

An innovative route to sustainability from Coxswain Consulting, LLC

Anup Rao Divyansh Agarwal Eric Parrie Sabyasachi Chatterjee Shashi Bhushan Sinha

T EAM #11

Politics

Policies

Programs People

Outcomes

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Issues Ideas Impact

STATUS QUO: A BROKEN CYCLE

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6

0

10

20

30

Mining as % of RSA GDP

1970 2012

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INCENTIVES INNOVATION IMPLEMENTATION

DATA REPORTING ACCOUNTABILITY

SAFETY STABILITY PRODUCTIVITY

Issues Ideas Impact

THEORY OF CHANGE

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Sustainable Mining

Institute

Data Collection & Publication

Race to the Top

Sustainability Bonus

On-site Health Centers

POLICIES

Issues Ideas Impact

PUBLIC INNOVATIONS

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• Gradual build to 368 centers nationwide

• Deliver preventive care and treatment services to miners and their families

• Low cost drugs for DR-TB using Social Impact Bond

• Report data instantly to Ministries of Health and Mining

COST ESTIMATE • INITIAL: $100 M • RECURRING: $500M

RATIONALE • Preventive care will improve health ,

increase productivity, and reduce long-term costs

• Health centers will supplement data collection and transfer

RISK • Volatile drug prices balloon costs

Issues Ideas Impact

HEALTH

ON-SITE HEALTH CENTERS

• Creates transparency for accidents, miner health, and environmental impact

• Enables identification of best and worst practices

• Worker health data is lacking in current system

COST ESTIMATE • INITIAL: $300 M • RECURRING: $100 M

RATIONALE • Must have means to track performance • Changes culture within mining firms • Builds process knowledge within mines

and across the industry (ALCOA)

RISK • Agencies may lack data analysis

expertise • Difficult to setup.

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HEALTH

Issues Ideas Impact

SEE & SOLVE DATA SYSTEM

• Companies compete for annual grants awarded for development of best practices

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COST ESTIMATE • STARTUP: $1 B • RECURRING: $100M / year

RATIONALE • Pushes firms to innovate • Leverages expertise within firms,

preventing inefficient regulation • Ensures that best practices become

standard practices

RISK • Implementing best practices may be

complicated in absence of statute • Financial incentive may not be strong

enough for MNCs HEALTH

PRIZE SCALE

Issues Ideas Impact

RACE TO THE TOP

• Firms that achieve sustainability benchmarks receive a financial award from the state

• Ex: Hazard Mitigation – Installation of UV lamps – Stronger infrastructure to

prevent floor fall accidents – Accident rates in lowest

quintile

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COST ESTIMATE • STARTUP: $100 M •RECURRING: $100M / year

RATIONALE • Pushes firms to innovate • Leverages expertise within firms,

preventing inefficient regulation

RISK •Demand could outstrip supply

HEALTH

Issues Ideas Impact

SUSTAINABILITY BONUS PROGRAM

• Supports public health and mining science research

• Draws talented practitioners from around the world

• Develops the next generation of miners and officials from RSA

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COST ESTIMATE • STARTUP: $300 M • RECURRING: $100 M / year

RATIONALE • Current schools are dedicated to

engineering not sustainability

RISK • Language diversity complicates

instruction • Traveling to the institute could be cost-

prohibitive for low-income students

HEALTH

Issues Ideas Impact

INSTITUTE of SUSTAINABLE MINING

FY 13 FY 14

FY 15

FY 16

FY 17

FY 18

FY 19

FY 20

FY 21

FY 22

RTTT 1000 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

ISM 300 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Bonus 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Data 300 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

OSHC 100 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

TOTAL 1800 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900

All amounts listed in USD (millions)

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Issues Ideas Impact

BUDGET

Heightened Labor

Productivity

Improved living and working

conditions

Better Infrastructure and expanded

expertise Increased

MNC investments

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ON-SITE HEALTH CENTERS

SEE & SOLVE DATA SYSTEM

SUSTAINABILITY BONUS PROGRAM RACE TO THE TOP

INSTITUTE of SUSTAINABLE

MINING

PROJECTED IMPACT

THANK YOU

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• MHSC Award Scheme • Budget: Indian School of Mining • Summary Table of the types of mining injury • Social Impact Bonds • Budget: Moradabad TB center • ALCOA incident reporting system • Effectiveness of ALCOA system • Precious Persons Pension Plan • Occupational lung disease in the South African mining

industry: Research and policy implementation • References

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APPENDICES

A: CURRENT MHSC AWARD SCHEME (1) The Mine Health and Safety Council Award Scheme is governed by a set of rules. A mine wishing to participate in the awards scheme administered by the Inspectorate must comply with the following rules: • It must be registered as a mine with the Directorate: Mineral Economics of the Department of Mineral Resources; • It must be in continuous operation for the qualifying period; • Qualifying shifts commence from the date of registration with the Mine Health and Safety Inspectorate; • The manager must define the participating entity and this participating entity must be registered with the Mine Health and Safety Inspectorate; • A monthly report of labour and shifts must be submitted to the Department of Mineral Resources for each participating entity within the registered mine; • The size of the participating entity will be limited (where possible) to a size where the participating entity will take approximately six months or more to qualify for one million fatality free shifts; • Participating entities will be allowed to take part in one or more of the categories of the scheme with the following exception: a participating entity may take part in either the Millionaire Award or the Thousand Fatality-Free Production Shifts Award, but not both. • The participating entity must be described on the registration form. The form must be submitted before a participating entity will be allowed to participate in the awards scheme. • Should a participant withdraw from an awards scheme, it may rejoin provided it complies

with the rules.

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B: CURRENT MHSC AWARD SCHEME (2) • The Millionaire's Award category recognizes the milestone of achieving one million (1,000,000)

fatality-free shifts on any mine. To be eligible to enter, a mine, or a portion thereof, must be in continuous operation and form a participating entity as defined by the manager.

• • The Thousand Fatality-Free Production Shifts Award category recognizes the milestone of achieving one thousand (1,000) fatality-free production shifts on any mine. To be eligible for this award, a mine, or a portion thereof, must be operational and form a participating entity as defined by the manager.

• • The Safety Achievement Flag is awarded to the mines that have the highest improvement in their allocated risk (days lost when comparing two consecutive three-year periods, the same periods that is used to calculate the Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee Levy). The categories are pided into:

• • Ultra-deep (deeper than 2,000m) gold and platinum mines; • • Shallow to deep (less than 2,000m) gold and platinum mines; • • Coal mines; and • • Other mines. • • Inpidual awards are presented to any inpidual, or a group of inpiduals (such as a mine rescue

team or a mine safety committee) that has contributed to the overall health and safety programme of a mine in a manner that has led to a significant improvement in conditions at that mine may be nominated by the mine's manager or the employee representatives for an Inpidual Award. The Mine Health and Safety Council will assess the nomination and determine whether or not such a nomination is warranted. Any specific acts of bravery will also be considered for this award.

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C: BUDGET: INDIAN SCHOOL OF MINING

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D: MINING INJURY TYPES 2010-2011

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E: SOCIAL IMPACT BONDS

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F: BUDGET: MORADABAD TB CONTROL CENTER

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SOURCE: http://care.prajnopaya.org/index.php/prajnopaya-foundation/162-moradabadold

G: COST ESTIMATION of UV GERMICIDAL TECHNOLOGY

Cost of 10 16mW UV germicidal lamp at 254nm

25$

Area occupied by the mining industries and workers

87,600km2

Cost of scaling the germicidal lamps to all the residing areas of mine workers

920,000$

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Data based on Mineral Commodity Summaries Report, see references

H: RESEARCH SUPPORTING CONTROLLED USE of UV TECHNOLOGY

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Bhattacharya et al, 2001

I: ALCOA SEE & SOLVE ACCIDENT REPORTING SYSTEM

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J: EFFECTIVENESS of ALCOA SEE & SOLVE SYSTEM

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Study

Context

Date Outcome

Steen et al

304 former gold miners living in Thamanga, Botswana

1994

Very few miners with occupational lung disease had been compensated (proportion not specified)

Trapido et al

238 former gold miners living in Eastern Cape, South Africa

1996 62% of those eligible not compensated. Only 2.5% fully compensated

Murray et al

All 2530 miners who came to autopsy

1999

19% cases had occupational lung disease not identified and submitted for compensation in life, or more severe disease than had been compensated in life.

Roberts

et al 205 former miners, Eastern Cape, South Africa

2008 85% reported not receiving the statutory medical examination when leaving the mine (which is partly to identify compensable disease). 203/205 (99%) did not know of the Compensation Act and its benefits

Maiphetlho et al

84 former mine workers diagnosed with silicosis at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, and submitted for compensation

1993- 2005

17/84 (20%) recorded as having received compensation. Median time from submission of medical records to receipt of award was 51 months (range 22–84 months)

K: OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE in THE MINING INDUSTRY: RESEARCH

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L: OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE in THE MINING INDUSTRY: POLICY

• Chamber of Mines of South Africa. “Facts & Figures 2010.” Chamber of Mines of South Africa Publications. 2011.

• South African Legislature. “Occupational Diseases in Mines and Works Act.” Publications of South African Legislature. 1973

• State President’s Office. “Occupational Disease in Mines and Works Amendment Act, 1993.” Publications of State President’s Office. January 1994.

• Alvarez-Rivera, Manuel. “Republic of South Africa General Elections Results Lookup (1994).” Election Resources on the Internet. September 2010.

• McClenaghan, Maeve. “South African Massacre Was the Tip of an Iceberg.” Bureau of Investigative Journalism. 18 October 2012.

• Steen, Gyi, White, et al. “Prevalence of occupational lung disease among Botswana men formerly employed in the South African mining industry.” Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 54:19-26. 1997.

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REFERENCES

• Trapido, Mqoqi, Williams, et al. “Prevalence of occupational lung disease in a random sample of former mineworkers, Libode District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 34:305-313. 1998.

• Girdler-Brown, White, et al. “The burden of silicosis, pulmonary tuberculosis and COPD among former Basotho goldminers.” Aurum Institute for Health Research. 2008.

• Park, Girdler-Brown, Churchyard, et al. “Incidence of tuberculosis and HIV and progression of silicosis and lung function impairment among former Basatho gold miners.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 52:901-908 (2009).

• Girdler-Brown, et al. 2008. • Corbett, Charalambous, et al. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the

Prevalence of Undiagnosed Tuberculosis in African Gold Miners”. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 170. 2004.

• Corno and de Walque. “Mines, Migration and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa.” Journal of African Economies. 21:3. 2012.

• Garzarelli, Giampaolo, Lyndal Keeton-Stolk, and Volker Schoer. “Workers’ Compensation in the Republic of South Africa.” 19 Mar. 2008.

• “http://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2004/5/theminingcharter.pdf.” 2004.

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• Murray, Jill, Tony Davies, and David Rees. “Occupational Lung Disease in the South African Mining Industry: Research and Policy Implementation.” Journal of Public Health Policy 32 (2011): S65–S79. Web. 4 Nov. 2012.

• Sonjica, Buyelwa. "Keynote Address." 5th Mine Health and Safety Council Summit. Department of Minerals and Energy. Johannesburg. 5 Oct. 2007.

• “Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South African Mining Industry.” http://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2004/5/theminingcharter.pdf. 2004.

• “South Africa’s New Mining Charter.” SouthAfrica.info 14 Sept. 2010. Minerals, South Africa Dept of, and Energy. Housing and Living Conditions Standard for the South African Minerals Industry. Government Printer, 2009.

• “Mining Health and Safety in South Africa.” The African Business Journal.

• PAUL, AK, “Enhanced UV Sensitivity of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Resulting from Caffeine and Acriflavine Treatment of Irradiated Cells”. Current Microbiology Vol. 43 (2001), pp. 149–153

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• Hargy, T.M., J.L. Clancy, and Z. Bukhari. “Shedding UV Light on the Cryptosporidium Threat.” In NSF Proceedings of the Small Drinking Water and Wastewater Systems. International Symposium and Technology Expo: Phoenix, Arizona. 2000

• Malley, J.P., G.A. Snicer, and A.M. Doucette. “Alternative Disinfection Strategies for

• Small Systems.” In Small Systems Water Treatment Technologies: State of the Art

• Workshop. NEWWA Joint Regional Operations Conference and Exhibition: Marlborough, Massachusetts. 1998.

• Parrotta, M.J. and F. Bekdash. “UV Disinfection of Small Groundwater Supplies.” Journal of the American Water Works Association. AWWA: Denver. 1998.

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. • Ultraviolet Light Disinfection Technology in Drinking Water

Application—An Overview. Office of Water: Washington, D.C. EPA/ 811-R-96-002.

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• Hargy, T.M., J.L. Clancy, and Z. Bukhari. “Shedding UV Light on the Cryptosporidium Threat.” In NSF Proceedings of the Small Drinking Water and Wastewater Systems. International Symposium and Technology Expo: Phoenix, Arizona. 2000

• Malley, J.P., G.A. Snicer, and A.M. Doucette. “Alternative Disinfection Strategies for Small Systems.” In Small Systems Water Treatment Technologies: State of the Art Workshop. NEWWA Joint Regional Operations Conference and Exhibition: Marlborough, Massachusetts. 1998.

• Parrotta, M.J. and F. Bekdash. “UV Disinfection of Small Groundwater Supplies.” Journal of the American Water Works Association. AWWA: Denver. 1998.

• Mineral Commodity Summaries Report. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gold/mcs-2008-gold.pdf. 2009

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ultraviolet Light Disinfection Technology in Drinking Water Application—An Overview. Office of Water: Washington, D.C. EPA/ 811-R-96-002. 1996.

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