TEACHING PRIMARY SOURCES...
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1 TEACHING WITH PRIMARY SOURCES—MTSU PRIMARY SOURCE SET: Pre-Colonial America to the United States in 1850 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND European explorers came to the Americas for glory, wealth, and adventure; many of the settlers who followed also sought adventure, while others came in pursuit of religious freedom and a fresh economic start for their families. In pursuit of opportunities in the “New World,” many newcomers over- looked the interests of the indigenous peoples that populated the continent. Pioneers pushed their way west onto tribal lands, cut farms out of the forests, and developed a strong sense of independence. Many settlers increasingly relied on the labor of African slaves. By the mid-1700s, the colonists of the thirteen English colo- nies began to resent their home government’s policies, espe- cially their lack of representation in the British Parlia- ment. Declaring their independence from Britain and wag- ing a Revolution to make independence a reality, the colo- nists struggled to establish the United States of America, the first modern constitutional republic. After fighting off the British a second time in the War of 1812, seventh President Andrew Jackson cleared the remaining indigenous peoples from their eastern lands, introduced the “common man” to politics, and told the nation to look west toward a new fu- ture—a vision later coined as the country's “manifest desti- ny.” At the same time that many of America’s white male citizens gained the right to participate in the electoral process for the first time, many of them, as well as white women and Afri- can Americans of both sexes, became heavily involved in re- form movements, inspired in part by the Second Great Awakening.. As America continued to expand, more people began questioning the morality of slavery: questions with answers only in the Civil War. SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHERS The complexity of several of the documents pro- vided in the additional links may require teachers to select only key paragraphs for discussion or di- vide the documents up into chunks and have stu- dents work in groups to read through understand what each chunk is saying. The four maps provided in this primary source set trace European, and later European-American conceptions of American waterways and land- forms. Using these maps, have your students ana- lyze why certain areas of the maps are blank and other portions are not, who designed the maps, and how the maps were intended to be used. Ad- ditionally, the maps show what territories were claimed by which nations. Have students look at the border areas and analyze the potential for con- flict or cooperation: was there fighting here, was there trade here, and why? ADDITIONAL LINKS Exploring the Early Americas Evolution of the Virginia Colony, 1611-1624 Religion and the Founding of the American Republic Alien and Sedition Acts Rivers, Edens, Empires: Lewis & Clark and the Revealing of America King Andrew the First [1833]
Transcript of TEACHING PRIMARY SOURCES...
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TEACHING WITH PRIMARY SOURCES—MTSU
PRIMARY SOURCE SET: Pre-Colonial America
to the United States in 1850
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
European explorers came to the Americas for glory, wealth, and adventure; many of the settlers who followed also sought adventure, while others came in pursuit of religious freedom and a fresh economic start for their families. In pursuit of opportunities in the “New World,” many newcomers over-looked the interests of the indigenous peoples that populated the continent. Pioneers pushed their way west onto tribal lands, cut farms out of the forests, and developed a strong sense of independence. Many settlers increasingly relied on the labor of African slaves.
By the mid-1700s, the colonists of the thirteen English colo-nies began to resent their home government’s policies, espe-cially their lack of representation in the British Parlia-ment. Declaring their independence from Britain and wag-ing a Revolution to make independence a reality, the colo-nists struggled to establish the United States of America, the first modern constitutional republic. After fighting off the British a second time in the War of 1812, seventh President Andrew Jackson cleared the remaining indigenous peoples from their eastern lands, introduced the “common man” to politics, and told the nation to look west toward a new fu-ture—a vision later coined as the country's “manifest desti-ny.”
At the same time that many of America’s white male citizens gained the right to participate in the electoral process for the first time, many of them, as well as white women and Afri-can Americans of both sexes, became heavily involved in re-form movements, inspired in part by the Second Great Awakening.. As America continued to expand, more people began questioning the morality of slavery: questions with answers only in the Civil War.
SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHERS
The complexity of several of the documents pro-vided in the additional links may require teachers to select only key paragraphs for discussion or di-vide the documents up into chunks and have stu-dents work in groups to read through understand what each chunk is saying.
The four maps provided in this primary source set trace European, and later European-American conceptions of American waterways and land-forms. Using these maps, have your students ana-lyze why certain areas of the maps are blank and other portions are not, who designed the maps, and how the maps were intended to be used. Ad-ditionally, the maps show what territories were claimed by which nations. Have students look at the border areas and analyze the potential for con-flict or cooperation: was there fighting here, was there trade here, and why?
ADDITIONAL LINKS
Exploring the Early Americas
Evolution of the Virginia Colony, 1611-1624
Religion and the Founding of the American Republic
Alien and Sedition Acts
Rivers, Edens, Empires: Lewis & Clark and the Revealing of America
King Andrew the First [1833]
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THE LAND AND PEOPLE BEFORE EUROPEAN EXPLORATION AND THE AGE OF EXPLORATION (1400-1600)
Noort Rivier in Niew Neerlandt. [1639?]
De insulis nuper in mari Indico repertis [1494]
Jamestown, Virginia [1980-2006]
Ceremoniae barbaroru in incantationibus [1634]
Americae sive qvartae orbis partis nova et exactissima descriptio [1562]
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SETTLING THE COLONIES (1600-1750)
Iroquois Indians [ca. 1914]
A new map of Virginia, Mary-Land, and the improved parts of Pennsylvania & New Jersey. [1719]
Old wilderness road, High Bridge, Ky. [c1907]
TEXTS
History of Plymouth plantation (1890)
The “Starving Time,” Winter of 1609-1610
Massachusetts (Look under the subheading “Constitution,” click on the link that reads “Colonial Charters, Grants and Related Documents: Massachusetts,” and search through the list of links to find the Charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Fun-damental Orders of Connecticut, and the First Virginia Charter)
Order for Thanksgiving to Almighty God, for
having put an end to the Spanish invasion. A proc-
lamation ... [1742]
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THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW NATION (1720-1789)
"Give me liberty, or give me death!" Patrick Henry deliver-ing his great speech on the rights of the colonies, before the Virginia Assembly, convened at Richmond, March 23rd 1775, concluding with the above sentiment, which became the war cry of the revolution. [ca. 1876] For a recording of this speech, click here.
Declaration of Independence: July 4th 1776 [1835-1856]
The Bostons paying the excise-man or tarring & feather-ing [1830]
A new map of North America from the latest discoveries. [1763]
TEXTS
Founding Documents Primary Source Set (For more sources and links to items, be sure to check out this more extensive resource.)
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Paine Writes “The American Crisis,” December 1776
Powerful Polemics (Links to Thomas Paine’s Common Sense)
Today in History: October 25 (Scroll down to the subhead-ing “Abigail Smith Adams” to find excerpts of her letters or links to her letters)
Phillis Wheatley
Historian of the American Revolution (Link to writings of Mercy Otis Warren)
Benjamin Franklin: In His Own Words
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CREATING A NEW GOVERNMENT (1777-1789)
The United States of America, with the British possessions of Canada, Nova Scotia,
Paintings. Sign-ing of Constitu-tion by Howard C. Christy I [ca. 1920-1950]
Washington's farewell address [1913]
James Madison, fourth President of the United States [1828?]
Alexander Hamilton [ca. 1900-1912]
TEXTS
The Articles of Confederation
The U.S. Constitution: Continuity and Change in the Governing of the United States
A bill of rights as provided in the ten original amendments to the constitution of the United States in force December 15, 1791. [n. p. 195-].
The Federalist Papers
Creating the United States: Right of States to Judge Constitutionality of Federal Laws (Includes excerpts from Thomas Jefferson’s “Kentucky Resolutions”)
Creating the United States: Virginia Resolutions Oppose Alien and Sedition Acts
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WESTWARD EXPANSION (1790-1830) AND THE UNITED STATES ROLE IN THE WORLD’S STAGE (1789-1849)
The Star Spangled Banner [ca. 1913]
King Andrew the First [1833] Battle of New Orleans [ca. 1890]
John Ross, a Cherokee chief [ca. 1843]
The capture of the Guerriere by the Constitution [ca. 1848]
TEXTS
Fill Up the Canvas: Rivers of Words: Exploring with Lewis and Clark: Journals and Letters
The New Nation (1780 - 1815) (Search through the alpha-betized list for the link labeled “Marbury v. Madison, follow the link to the next site, and upon arrival click on an explore the link labeled “Marbury v. Madison (1803)”)
The Star Spangled Banner
Monroe Doctrine
Rip Van Winkle and The legend of Sleepy Hollow (1899)
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THE GROWTH OF THE REPUBLIC, SECTIONALISM, AND SLAVERY (1800-1850)
A war president. Progressive democracy [ca. 1848]
Sojourner Truth. I sell the shad-ow to support the substance. [1864]
Am I not a man and a brother? [1837]
Colonel Crockett [ca. 1839]
[Our Roll of Honor. Listing wom-en and men who signed the Decla-ration of Sentiments at first Wom-an's Rights Convention, July 19-20, 1848 [May 1908]
TEXTS
Seneca Falls Convention, July 1848 (Includes Declaration of Sentiments)
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Today in History: November 26 (Scroll down to the subheading “Sojourner Truth” to find excerpts of her “Ain’t I a Woman” speech)
Roughing it (1891)
A narrative of the life of David Crockett .. (1834)
Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave / written by himself.
Uncle Tom's cabin; or, Life among the low-ly (1853)
Full text of "The Lincoln-Douglas debates"
Dred Scott v. Sandford (Taney’s decision can be found my clicking on the first link in the main text)
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CITATIONS: Pre-Columbian America to the United States in 1850
Teachers: Providing these primary source replicas without source clues may enhance the inquiry experience for students. This list of citations is supplied for reference purposes to you and your students. We have followed the Chicago Manual of Style format, one of the formats recommended by the Library of Congress, for each entry below, minus the access date. The access date for each of these entries is 9/5/14.
“King Andrew the First.” Illustration. New York?: s.n., 1833. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661753/
Chambers, Irene et al. Competition for Empire. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Exploring the Early Ameri-cas. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/exploring-the-early-americas/credit.html
Evolution of the Virginia Colony, 1611-1624. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Colonial Settlement, 1600s-1763. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/colonial/virginia/
Hutson, James et al. America as a Religious Refuge: The Seventeenth Century, Part 2. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Religion and the Founding of the American Republic. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel01-2.html
Primary Documents in American History: Alien and Sedition Acts. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Virtual Ser-vices and Digital References Section. http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Alien.html
Chambers, Irene et al. Rivers, Edens, Empires: Lewis & Clark and the Revealing of America. Special Presentation. From Li-brary of Congress, Rivers, Edens, Empires: Lewis & Clark and the Revealing of America. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/lewisandclark/index.html
Vinckeboons, Joan. “Noort Rivier in Niew Neerlandt.” Map. 1639. From the Library of Congress, Geography and Maps Division. http://www.loc.gov/item/2003623406/
“De insulis nuper in mari Indico repertis.” Woodcut. 1494. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2001695738/
“Jamestown, Virginia.” Photograph. 1980-2006. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011631042/
“Ceremoniae barbaroru in incantationibus.” Engraving. 1634 From the Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divi-sion. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003669976/
Gutiérrez, Diego. Americae sive qvartae orbis partis nova et exactissima descriptio /. Map. Antwerp: s.n., 1562. From Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division. http://www.loc.gov/item/map49000970
“Old wilderness road, High Bridge, Ky.” Photograph. Detroit Publishing Company: c1907. From the Library of Con-gress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/det1994012845/pp/
“Order for Thanksgiving to Almighty God, for having put an end to the Spanish invasion. A proclamation ... Given un-der my hand and seal, this 24th day of July at Frederica in Georgia, Anno Domini 1742. Signed by James Oglethorpe.” Broadside New York Gazette: 1742. From the Library of Congress: Printed Ephemera Collection. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/AMALL:@field(NUMBER+@band(rbpe+10203700))
Bradford, William. History of Plymouth Plantation. Book. New York: Effingham Maynard & Co., 1890. From Library of Congress, Internet Archives. https://archive.org/details/historyofplymout00bra
Smith, John. The ‘Starving Time,’ Winter of 1609-1610. Transcription. From Library of Congress, Colonial Settlement, 1600s-1763. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/colonial/jamestwn/starving.html
Massachusetts: Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, The Law Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/law/help/guide/states/us-ma.php
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Senex, John. A new map of Virginia, Mary-Land, and the improved parts of Pennsylvania & New Jersey. Map. London: s.n., 1719. From Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division. http://www.loc.gov/item/2007625604/
Drennan, William Alexander. “Iroquois Indians” Photograph. c. 1914. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/item/2007661908/
Spilsbury, John. A new map of North America from the latest discoveries. Map. 1763. From Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division. http://www.loc.gov/item/74695015/
“Declaration of Independence: July 4th 1776.” Illustration. New York: N. Currier, 1835-1856. From Library of Con-gress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/91795009/
Johnston, David Claypoole. “The Bostons paying the excise-man or tarring & feathering.” Illustration. Boston: Pend-leton, 1830. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2006691557/
Primary Documents in American History: Declaration of Independence. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Virtual Services and Digital References Section. http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/DeclarInd.html
Humphrey, Harry, E., performer. “Give me liberty, or give me death!” Sound Recording. Victor, July 17, 1913. From Library of Congress, National Jukebox. http://www.loc.gov/jukebox/recordings/detail/id/3057/
Paine, Thomas. Thomas Paine Writes the ‘American Crisis.’ December 1776. Transcription. From Library of Congress, The American Revolution, 1763-1783. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/amrev/north/paine.html
Livingston, Sally, et al. Powerful Polemics. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, American Treasures of the Li-brary of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm028.html
Today in History: October 25. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, American Memory. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct25.html
Armenti, Peter. Phyllis Wheatley. Special Presentation. March 1, 2012. From Library of Congress, From the Catbird Seat: Poetry and Literature at the Library of Congress. http://blogs.loc.gov/catbird/2012/03/phillis-wheatley/
Livingston, Sally, et al. Historian of the American Revolution. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, American Treasures of the Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tr80.html
Chambers, Irene et al. Partial Transcriptions. Special Presentation. From the Library of Congress, Benjamin Franklin: In His Own Words. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/franklin-transcripts.html#56
"Give me liberty, or give me death!" Patrick Henry delivering his great speech on the rights of the colonies, before the Virginia Assembly, convened at Richmond, March 23rd 1775, concluding with the above sentiment, which became the war cry of the revolution.” Illustration. New York: Currier and Ives, c. 1876. From Library of Congress, Prints and Pho-tographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2001700209/
The United States of America, with the British possessions of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Newfoundland…. Map. London: Laurie and Whittle, 1794. From Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division. http://www.loc.gov/item/98685649/
Stuart, Gilbert. “James Madison, fourth President of the United States.” Illustration. 1828. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96522271/
Humphrey, Harry, E., performer. “Washington’s Farewell Address.” Sound recording. New York: Victor, 1913. From Library of Congress, National Jukebox. http://www.loc.gov/jukebox/recordings/detail/id/3315/
Primary Documents in American History: Articles of Confederation. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Virtual Services and Digital References Section. http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/articles.html
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The Constitution. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, The U.S. Constitution: Continuity and Change in the Gov-erning of the United States. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/lessons/continuity-change/constitution.html#preamble
A bill of rights as provided in the ten original amendments to the constitution of the United States in force December 15, 1791. [n. p. 195-]. Manuscript. 1950. From Library of Congress, American Memory. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/rbpebib:@field%28NUMBER+@band%28rbpe+24404400%29%29
The Federalist Papers. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Thomas. http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fedpapers.html
Regan, Cheryl et al. Right of States to Judge Constitutionality of Federal Laws. Special Presentation. From the Library of Congress, Creating the United States. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/ext/transcription66.html
Regan, Cheryl et al. Virginia Resolutions Oppose Alien and Sedition Laws. Special Presentation. From the Library of Con-gress, Creating the United States. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/ext/transcription73.html
Horydczak, Theodor. “Paintings. Signing of Constitution by Howard C. Christy I.” Photograph. c. 1920-c. 1950. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/thc1995014101/pp/
John Trumbell. “Alexander Hamilton.” Illustration. Detroit Publishing Co., c. 1900-1912. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/det1994022296/pp/
Moran, Percy. “The Star Spangled Banner.” Illustration. c. 1913. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divi-sion. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98513933/
“The capture of the Guerriere by the Constitution.” Illustration. New York: Sarony & Major, c. 1848. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2007683556/
Bowen, John T. “John Ross, a Cherokee chief.” Illustration. Philadelphia: Daniel Rice & James G. Clark. c.1843. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/94513504/
Resources: Journals and Letters. Special Presentation. From the Library of Congress, Fill Up the Canvas: Rivers of Words: Ex-ploring with Lewis and Clark. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/lewisandclark/resources_1.html
The New Nation (1780 - 1815). Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Teachers. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/additionalresources/relatedresources/ushist/chrono/newnatio.html
Stanley, Frank, C., performer. “The Star Spangled Banner.” Sound recording. New York: Victor, 1907. From Library of Congress, National Jukebox. http://www.loc.gov/jukebox/recordings/detail/id/8141/
Primary Documents in American History: Monroe Doctrine. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Virtual Services and Digital References Section. http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Monroe.html
Irving, Washington. Rip Van Winkle and The legend of Sleepy Hollow. Book. New York: Century Co., 1899. From Library of Congress, Internet Archives. https://archive.org/details/ripvanwinklelege01irvi
“Battle of New Orleans.” Illustration. Kurz & Allison, c. 1890. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Divi-sion. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96513344/
Seneca Falls Convention, July 1848. Transcription. From Library of Congress, National Expansion and Reform, 1815-1880. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/expref/crusader/seneca.html
Today in History: May 25. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, American Memory. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/may25.html
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Today in History: November 26. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, American Memory. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov26.html
Twain, Mark. Roughing It. Book. Hartford, CT: American Publishing Company, 1891. From Library of Congress, Inter-net Archives. https://archive.org/details/roughingit02twai
Crockett, David. A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett of the State of Tennessee. Book. Philadelphia: E. L. Carey & A. Hart, 1834. From Library of Congress, Internet Archives. https://archive.org/details/narrativeoflifeo00crock
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave. Boston: Anti-Slavery Office, 1849. From Library of Congress, The Capital and the Bay: Narratives of Washington and the Chesapeake Bay Region, ca. 1600-1925 http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/lhbcbbib:@field%28NUMBER+@od1%28lhbcb+25385%29%29%29%29))))
Stowe, Harriot, B., Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Or, Life Among the Lowly. Book. Boston: John P. Jewett & Co., 1853. Cleveland: Jewett, Proctor, & Worthington, 1853. From Library of Congress, Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/uncletomscabinor00stow
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates. Book. Chicago: F. A. Owen Publishing Co., 1918. From Library of Congress, Internet Ar-chive. http://archive.org/stream/lincolndouglasde00link/lincolndouglasde00link_djvu.txt
Primary Documents in American History: Dred Scott v. Sandford. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Virtual Ser-vices and Digital References Section. http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/DredScott.html
“ A war president. Progressive democracy.” Lithograph. New York : N. Currier, c1848. From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003674553/
“Am I not a man and a brother?” Woodcut. From Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661312/
“Sojourner Truth. I sell the shadow to support the substance.” Photograph. 1864. From Library of Congress, Rare Book And Special Collections Division. http://www.loc.gov/item/scsm000880/
Our Roll of Honor. Listing women and men who signed the Declaration of Sentiments at first Woman's Rights Convention, July 19-20, 1848. Broadside. New York, 1908. From Library of Congress, Miller NAWSA Suffrage Scrapbooks, 1897-1911. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?ammem/rbcmillerbib:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28rbcmiller001182%29%29%29%29))))
Staurt, C. “Colonel Crockett.” Illustration. c.1839. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/93511184/
![ISTORICAL BACKGROUND - Middle Tennessee State …library.mtsu.edu/tps/sets/Primary_Source_Set--Middle_Ages.pdf · [681] See interactive presentation built around this primary source.](https://static.fdocuments.in/doc/165x107/5ab475a17f8b9ab47e8bf0bd/istorical-background-middle-tennessee-state-681-see-interactive-presentation.jpg)
